why not / had better / please /would you please / let / make / 情态动词,等等。
注意否定形式: had better / would you please / let直接加not + 动原;
而please加don’t + 动原
2.常见后接动词ing的词或短语:finish / enjoy / practice / give up / keep / prefer…to…/ can’t help(禁不住) / be busy / be worth(值得) / take turns(轮流)/ spend / have fun / 介词后等。
3.常见后接带to不定式的词或短语:want / hope / wish / allow / encourage(鼓励)/ ask / tell / pretend(假装) / decide / invite / advise / warn / in order (为了) 等等。
4.现在完成时
A.定义:现在完成时表示到说话时为止(或到现在为止)已经发生或完成了(不一定结束)的动作或状态。
B.时间状语:[already, yet, just.]
[ever, never]
[since +过去时间 since 2 years ago, for+一段时间: for two years ]
C.构成:have/has + done(特例: begin,borrow, buy, die, join, leave)
D.用法:肯定句:I have already finished my homework.
否定句:I haven’t finished my homework yet.
疑问句:Have you finished your homework yet?
※ have been to 去了回来了 have gone to去了没回来
I've been to New York three times so far.
Where is lily? She has gone to America.
5.反义疑问句
A.定义:它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。
B.构成:陈述句+疑问句 They will go there, won’t they?
C.用法:前肯后否,前否后肯。
D.注意:(1) 前后时态一致 They haven’t known each other, have they?
He has dinner at home every day, doesn’t he?
(2)含有 little, few, never, seldom, hardly等否定意义的词时,句子视为否定。
He seldom tells a lie, does he?
(3)含有 im, un, dis 等否定前缀时,句子视为肯定
Your father is unhappy, isn’t he?
(4)对反义疑问句的回答,要根据事实,是就yes,不是就no
Cathy is reading an English book now, isn’t she?
________,She is busy cleaning the window.
6.have a good time=enjoy oneself
7.be used for doing=be used to do被用来….
Scissors are used for cutting things. = Scissors are used to cut things.
8.with 表示“配有,带有 ”
the dress with yellow spots the jeans with blue belt
9.wish + sb. +n
I wish you health and happiness
10. 形式主语
A. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.
常见的有: bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good (好心的), honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的), polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong (错误的)等描述人的品性
B. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.
常见的形容词有: ① important, necessary, natural ② easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, rare, impossible, pleasant 等。
10.后接形容词的动词(一般都用副词修饰动词 run quickly, 但是这些系动词后要接形容词)
1 Be
3 变 (turn, become, get)The weather gets colder and colder. He became angry.
5 起来(look, sound, smell, taste, feel) It sounds very interesting.
11. 提问
How often? 频率 once, twice, three times…..
How long? 时间 two weeks (现在完成时) when 一般现在时
How far? 距离 ten kilometers
How soon? 多久后会 In + 时间
How many……? 多少 可数
How much……? 多少 不可数
How about……?提建议 How about going shopping?
12. would like to do =want to do
Would you like to drink a cup of tea? (=Do you want to drink a cup of tea?)
你想喝杯茶吗?
— Would you like to go shopping with me?
— Yes, I’d like to. / I’d like to, but I have to do my homework.
13.词义辨析
find 找的结果
look for 找的过程
find out 找出,查明
I don’t find my pen,I’m looking for it everywhere.
我没有找到我的钢笔,我正到处找。
14. 一般疑问句﹠特殊疑问句
一般疑问句
一、含有be动词的一般疑问句,通常把be动词调到句首。例如:
陈述句:They are in the swimming pool.
一般疑问句:Are they in the swimming pool?
二、含有情态动词的一般疑问句(can, may...),把情态动词调到句首。例如:
陈述句:He can drive a car.
一般疑问句: Can he drive a car?
三、一般动词的一般疑问句,要借助助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其余人称用do。其句型为:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形+其它?
陈述句:Amy speaks English.
一般疑问句:Does Amy speak English?
特殊疑问句
以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what who whose which when where how why等。
who is singing in the room﹖ whose bike is broken﹖
what class are you in﹖ What does she look like﹖
注意:
1.回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes / no,即问什么答什么,尤其是简略回答。如:
Who is from Canada﹖ Helen (is).
Where's the restaurant﹖ Near the station.
15. 反身代词(oneself)
1. 作动词或介词的宾语:经常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。如:
He is teaching herself English.她在自学英语。
He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。
2. 作主语或宾语的同位语:主要起加强语气的作用,译作“亲自,本身,本人”。如:
Did you make the cake yourself?这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗?(yourself作主语you的同位语)
The work itself is easy.这工作本身很容易。(itself作主语the work的同位语)
Did you see Mr. Wang himself?你见过王先生本人吗?(himself作宾语Mr. Wang的同位)
3. 作表语:在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态处于正常。如:I’m not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。
4. 用于一些简短的会话用语或固定说法中。如:
Help yourself to …! 请随便吃…!
Make yourself at home! 别客气!
Make yourself heard /understood. 使你的话被人听得见/理解。