
1、Enter and Enter for
(1)enter
① vt.&vi. 进入
enter+地点名词
例:Always knock on the door before you enter.
Joe entered the room quietly.
② vt.&vi. 参加,加入
例:We’ve entered into an agreement. 我们已达成一项协议。
He soon entered their conversation.
(2)enter for 报名参加(强调报名)
① enter for +表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词(报名参加,
例:enter for the exam
She entered (her name/herself) for the mathematics competition. 她报名参加数学竞赛。
② take part in 真正的参加
2、salary and wage
(1)salary n. 薪金,薪水(月薪, 年薪,通常指职员、脑力劳动者(如律师、教师、医生等)有固定工作或管理阶层的收入,数额比较固定,一般按月支付)
例:My salary is paid on the 28th of the month.
(2)wage n. 工资,工钱(按小时, 周计算的,通常指技工或一般体力劳动者,不稳定的工作人的收入,按周或天支付。一般用复数形式wages)。
例:When I worked as a waiter, the wages were low, but the tips were good.
3、Except, Except for 与 Apart from
(1)三者都表示“除⋯⋯以外”,有时可以互换,但except不用于句首,except for 和apart from则可以。
例:Everyone has helped in some way apart from/except for/except you.
Apart from/Except for you, everyone has helped in some way.
(2)apart from习惯上喜欢放句首, apart from= except/besides,如果放在句首,统一用apart from代替except/besides
例:Except for/apart from this, everything is in order.
(3)如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外,还有这个人也做了(包括),是加号=besides;如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外,这个人没有做(排除),是减号=except;
例:All the passengers are millionaire except us. (减号)
I invited everyone except George. / Except for George I invited everyone.
(4)except for含有对整体中的某一个方面不满意,except for 可以不放在句首, 强调整体当中某一方面除外,剩下的整体都不错
例:The article is very good except for his handwriting.
Except for his height, he is very excellent.
4、Which of,Either of,Neigher of与Both of
(1)上面这些短语都可用于指两个人或两件事
either of 两者当中的任何一个
neither of 两者都不
which of 那一个
both of 两者都
(2)当询问在两个或更多的人或事物中偏爱哪一个或选择哪一个时,可用 which
例:I like both of these bags. Which of the two do you prefer?
(3)either与neither都是对两个人或物而言(后接单数名词)。 either指one or the other(不是这个就是那个),either和neither后跟of时则指两个事物中的每一个
either of sb. ⋯⋯当中的任何一个
neither of sb. ⋯⋯当中的任何一个都不(neither of(注意英音与美音的读音)两者之间都不, 一旦出现,这句话里面不会再出现not)
例:I don't like the book. My sister doesn't like it either.
Neither of us likes it. (注意要用单数)
Which bag shall I use?
Either of them, It doesn’t matter which. 哪个都行。用哪个都没关系。
Neither of them, use a suitcase. 哪个都不行。用个手提箱s吧。
(4)both只指两个人或物。当它用在名词前时,of 可有可无;当用在代词前面时,其后必须加of。例:Both books/Both of the books are interesting.
Both of us/them left early.
(5)none of 三者或三者以上之间都不
5、Nervous and Irritable
(1)nervous adj. 紧张不安的
例:Examinations make me nervous.
(2)irritable adj. 易怒的
例:He is such an irritable person, you can hardly speak to him.
他这个人如此容易发怒,你简直没有办法与他讲话。
6、Dress, Suit, Costume
(1)dress n. 裙子,晚礼服,连衣裙(女式)
(2)suit n. 套装(男式)
(3)costume n. 演出服,民族服装,某一年代所穿的服装
例:All the actors wore fifteenth-century costumes. 所有演员都穿着15世纪的服装。
7、Grow and Grow up
(1)grow vi. 生长,成长,发育
例:Trees of the kind don’t grow in our country.
How tall you’ve got! You’ve grown a lot.
(2)grow up 长成,成熟(其被动态表示长大成人)
例:Lucy has grown up a lot since I last saw her.自从我上次见到她之后,露西已成熟了许多。
What do you want to do when you’re grown up?
Some people never grow up. 有些人总是成熟不起来。
8、Beside and Besides
(1)beside pron. 在⋯⋯旁边,在⋯⋯附近
例:Come and sit beside us.
(2)besides adv. 而且,并且,此外;pron. 除⋯⋯之外(还)
例:She has so much else to do besides. 此外,她还有许多其他事要做。
I’m quite busy today. Besides, I’ve got a bad cold.
There were a lot of people at the party besides us
9、Interested and Interesting. Excited and Exciting.
大多数现在分词和许多过去分词都可以作形容词用。以-ed结尾的形容词常与人称主语连用,表示人的情绪、状态、喜好等;以-ing结尾的形容词则常与非人称主语连用,表明事物的某种特征、性质等。
例:Fishing is not interesting. I am not really interested in fishing.钓鱼没意思. 我对钓鱼并不真正感兴趣.
The match was very exciting. The crowd got very excited. 比赛非常激动人心. 观众非常激动.
be interested in sth./doing sth. 对⋯⋯感兴趣
I’m interested in collecting stamps.
10、It's and Its
(1)It’s = it is
例:It's (= it is) cold today. It's raining too. 今天天气冷. 而且正在下雨.
(2)its 它的
例:This engine has lost its power. 这台发动机已失去了动力.
11、Realize and Understand
(1)realize vt. 意识到⋯⋯
例:He didn't realize that he had made a mistake. 他没有意识到他犯了一个错误.
(2)understand vt. 明白⋯⋯
例:I don't understand English. 我不懂英语.
12、Home and House
(1)home n. &adv. 家,家庭,家园(着重指所居住的人,常有爱、温暖、舒适、安全等隐含意义,
带有感情色彩)
例:I have a sweet home.
(2)house n. 房子,房屋,住宅(指建筑物)
例:Tom must be somewhere in the house. 汤姆肯定在这屋子里的某个地方。
13、Refuse and Deny
当refuse 作为及物/不及物动词表示“拒绝接受”时,不可与deny混用;当 refuse作为及物动词表示“拒绝给予、拒绝要求”时,它与deny可以互相替换。
(1)refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
例:I offered to pay him for his help but he refused (payment).
(2)deny doing sth. / deny that +从句 否认(指控、做过某事等)
例:The secretary denies that she has stolen the letter.
All those not holding tickets will be refused /denied entry. 无票者不得入内。
14、Bring,Take与Fetch
(1)bring v. 从某处将某物“带来”,离说话人越来越近
例:He brought the book with him when he came to see me.
(2)take v. 拿走,离说话人越来越远
例:He took the book with him when he left.
(3)fetch v. 去某地将某物“取来”,是个双程动作,去了再来(双向动作)
例:Please fetch me a glass of water.
15、Very and Too
(1)very adv. 很,非常(very描述状况,不涉及后果)
例:I arrived very late but I caught the train.
(2)too adv. 太,过于(too表示“太⋯⋯”,以至于引起某种后果)
例:I arrived too late and I missed the train.
16、Work and Job
(1)work和job都翻译为“工作”,job为可数名词,一般与“职业、职位”有关,或表示某人的“份内事”;
例:It was his job to repair bicycles.
I’m looking for work as a driver.
(2)work 作“工作”讲时是不可数名词,常指具体的“劳动、作业”或“(待做的)工作或事务”等,也可能表示“上班”。
例:I am looking for a new job.
I’ve a lot of work to do on Sunday.
17、Pass and Past
(1)pass和past的区别主要是词义上的区别,pass是动词,其过去式为passed,过去分词是passed或past。当作及物动词用时,可表示“经过,通过(考试),超过”等,作不及物动词用时可表示“(时间等)消逝”。
例:Your sister passed me in her new car, driving great speed.
I’ve passed/past my French test.
A month has passed/past since I left home.
(2)past 可以作形容词、介词、名词等,作形容词时表示“以前的,过去的”等;作介词时表示“经过,超出(范围等)”;作名词时表示“过去,昔时,往事”等。
例:Frank is proud of his past experience.
I go past the garden.
Can you tell me something about your past?
18、Next and Other
(1)next表示时间顺序上“紧接的,下一个”,如果以现在为基准,则 next前一般不加the;如果以过去或将来的某一时间为基准,则 next 前面要加 the或其他修饰词。
例:next day 第二天
Mary phoned the next day to tell us that she couldn’t come to the party.
第二天玛丽打来电话告诉我们她不能参加晚会了。
See you next Friday.
(2)the other day 出现一定是过去时;next day有可能是过去式, 有可能是将来式
例:the other day =a few days ago (几天前),
Mary phoned the other day to tell us that she had arrived in London.
前几天玛丽来电话告诉我们她已到达伦敦。
19、quick、fast and soon
(1)quick adj. 动作的快;
(2)fast adv. 速度的快;
(3)soon adv. 时间快
20、So and Such
(1)such和so都可以用于表示程度,但 so只能作副词和连词,such则是形容词,因此 so通常位于形容词、副词之前,而such只能位于名词之前:
例:I’ve never read so interesting a book.
I’ve never read such an interesting book.
(2)引导结果状语从句时,它们的结构分别是:
so +形容词(副词) +that⋯/ such +(a, an修饰词或形容词)+名词+that⋯ 如此⋯⋯以至于⋯⋯
一旦有名词, 就认为形容词修饰的是名词, 前面的词也修饰的是名词,如果名词是可数名词单数才要加a和an, 反过来如果是可数名词单数, 前面一定要加a或an
例:It was so cold that no one went out.
(3)such除了表示“这样的,如此的”等意思外,还可以表示“像这一类的”,so不能表示这种意思。
例:He often talks about such things.
You should not speak to such people.
(4)如果形容词是表示数量的(many, much, little, few), 一律用so
例:There is so little time left that we must hurry.
There is such a little(小) bird that I can't see it.
(little不会和可数名词连用,如连用不会译成“数量少”,而应译为“小”)
例:He is so lazy a boy./ He is such a lazy boy.
(5)如果有几个以上的形容词共同修饰一个名词的时候, 冠词放在第一位, 这句话中冠词不放在第一位,说明 “a” 与 “boy” 有关系, “lazy” 从意思上与 “boy” 有关系, 但从强调点上与 “boy” 没关系, 它的强调点在 “lazy” 上
21、Watch, Look at, Follow
(1)Watch (something happening) 观看 (正在发生的事情),注视,注意看
例:Do you have to watch me eating my supper? 你非得看我吃晚饭吗?
How long have you been watching the race?
(2)Look at 仔细看,(留意)看
例:Look at the blackboard. 看黑板。
(3)Follow (go after) 跟随 (走在后面)
例:I followed my mother into the kitchen. 我跟着母亲走进厨房.
The dog followed me all the way home.
在特定的时候,follow也可以表示注视,即用目光“跟随”:
例:Have you ever seen a cat follow/watch a bird’s every movement?
你有没有见过猫注视鸟的一举一动?
22、Solid, Firm, Stable
(1)Solid (not liquid) 固体的 (非流体的),硬的(固体);结实的,坚固的(指家具、建筑物等)
例:This is a solid table. 这张桌子很结实。
(2)Firm
① (not loose) 稳固的 (不松动),不会更改的,牢固的
例:I've fixed that hook. It is firm now. 我把鱼钩固定好了, 现在它很牢固.
This table is firm. You can stand on it.
② (not doubtful) (无疑) 表示态度、信念等坚定的、坚决的
例:He gave me a firm refusal. 他断然拒绝.
He is firm about going abroad. 在出国这件事上他态度很坚决。
③ (not lenient) 严格的,严厉的
例:You must be very firm with that child. 对那个孩子你一定要非常严格.
(3)Stable (often describing character) 坚定的,稳重的, 可靠的,可信赖的(指人的性格);稳定的,稳固的(指工作、机构、环境等)
例:He is a very stable person. 他是一个性格坚定的人.
He is not a very stable person. 他不太稳重/可靠。
I’m glad that you’ve got a stable job now.
23、No sooner⋯than and Hardly⋯when
(1)no sooner⋯than (一⋯⋯就⋯⋯);hardly⋯when (几乎未来得及⋯⋯就⋯⋯)这两组连词意义都和 as soon as相近,但比as soon as正式。它们通常都与过去完成时连用。
例:He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there.
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.
(2)当no sooner和hardly位于句首时,后面的主谓结构都要颠倒顺序,即句子变为no sooner/hardly +助动词 +主语 +动词形式的语序。
例:No sooner had he begun speaking than he was interrupted. 他刚一开始讲话就被打断了。
Hardly had he got into the bus when it began moving.
24、Country and Countryside
(1)country n. 国家,祖国;乡下(做“乡下”讲时常与the 连用,作“国家”讲时则不一定)
例:Which country do you come from?
He had planned to settle down in the country.
(2)countryside n. 农村地区(强调景色),乡下
例:The countryside around Vienna is very beautiful. 维也纳周围的乡村非常漂亮.
I grew up in the countryside.
25、Continuously and Continually
(1)continuously adv. 不断地,连续地(指动作中间没有间断)
例:You mustn’t watch TV for such a long time continuously.
This plane can fly continuously for twenty hours.
(2)continually adv. 频繁地,反复地(指动作中间有间断但又持续很久)
例:It rained continually. 天频繁地下雨。
The river flows under this bridge continuously. 河水不停地从桥下流过.
26、Remark, Observe and Notice
(1)remark与observe都可以表示“说,评论说”,它们比say要正式:
例:‘You’re looking very well!’She remarked/observed.
(2)notice和observe 都可以表示“注意到,察觉到”,但有一定区别。notice指无意中“察觉到”;observe则可以指有意观察、仔细地看,比notice更正式:
例:He observed me carefully. (He looked at me.) 他仔细地看着我.
Did you notice how she was dressed? 你注意到她的穿戴了吗?
I’ve noticed/observed that he telephones her oftener than before.
我发现/注意到他现在给她打电话比以前次数多了。
I didn’t notice his leaving.
make rude remark / call one's name / say F words (F 指 fuck) 讲粗话,骂人
He made a lot of rude remarks about the hat she was wearing.
fail to do sth. 没有能够
not fail to 表示强烈地肯定
I had changed the furniture round that you can not fail to notice it.我已经把周围的家具都换了。
27、catch and run
(1)catch主要意思是“抓住、捉住、逮住”,但有时可以表示“(及时)赶上、追上”等:
例:He ran quickly to catch the last bus home.
When she caught up with them, she saw that they were going through the contents of the bag.
(2)run的本意是“跑”,后面加上不同的小品词可以表达“追赶,逃跑”等多种含义:
例:She has run off with all his money.
The man ran away with her bag.
28、Steal and Rob
(1)stea(something from someone or somewhere)偷(从某人或某处)
Steal+ (sth.) +from+ (sb.) steal后跟(被偷)物
例:The man who stole my wallet took my address book as well.
Someone has stolen my bag from me.
(2)rob(someone of something)(a building,a blank,a house,etc.)抢(某人的某物)(大楼、银行、房子等)
Rob+(sb.)+ of+ (sth.) rob后跟人或地方
例:I lost my address book when that man robbed me of my bag.
The police have caught the men who robbed the bank.
29、lose, loose and miss
(1) lose vt. 失去,丧失,遗失,丢失
例:Roy has lost his job again. 罗伊又失业了。
She lost her parents when she was sixteen.
If you bet on that horse you will lose your money. (bet on sth 就⋯⋯打赌)
(2) loose adj. 松的
例:Several screws have come loose. I’ll have to tighten them.几颗镙丝钉松了,我把它们紧一下。
(3) miss v. 想念,错过
例:We haven’t seen you for a long time. We have missed you. 我们很长时间没有见到你了,我们想你。
We must hurry or we’ll miss the train. 我们必须快点,不然我们就要错过火车了。
I missed her in the crowd. 在人群中,我把她丢了。
30、expect and wait for
(1) expect 可以表示“预计⋯⋯可能发生(或来到),等待,期盼”,它表示等待时往往侧重人的心理而不是具体在某个地方等。
例:I expect / I’m expecting to hear from you. 我等着你的来信。
I’m expecting the bus to arrive in the next ten minutes. 我想10分钟之内公共汽车会到。
My trip took me longer than I expected. 我旅行所花的时间比我预计的长。
(2) wait for主要指“等待”这个动作本身。
例:I’m waiting for the next bus. 我正在等下一辆公共汽车。
31、Quite and Quiet
(1) quite adv. 完全,相当,很
例:I’m quite ready. 我已全准备好了。
Are you quite certain? 你敢完全肯定吗?
(2) quiet adj. 安静的,平静的,静止的,寂静的
例:The sea was very quiet this morning. 今天上午上海很平静。
The house became quiet again when the children were gone. 当孩子们都离开的时候房子又变得安静了。
I watched her going out of the room. 我注意到她正从房间出去
32、Raise and Rise.
(1) raise作动词时只能作及物动词,即它必须跟宾语。它可以表示“举起,往上提,使⋯⋯升高”等含义:
例:Will those who agree with me please raise their hands? 请那些同意我的人举起手来好吗?
Why did they raise prices? 他们为什么要提高价格?
Heavy rains have raised the level of the river this year. 今年的大雨使河水水位上升了。
(2) rise作动词时通常为不及物动词,表示“起立,起床,(日、月等)升起”等含义:
例:You’re still in bed and the sun has already risen! 太阳已经升起来了,你还在床上。
All the students rose when the teacher came into the classroom. 当老师进来的时候所有的学生都站了起来。
33、Lay and Lie.
(1) lay(laid,laid) vt. 置,搁,铺,准备
例:I laid your clothes on the bed so you could put them away. 我把你的衣服放在床上了,这样你可以把他们收好。
If you can’t cook the dinner, you can at least lay the table. 如果你不会做饭,你至少可以把桌子放好。
(2) lie(lay,lain) vi. 躺,平卧
例:Are you going to spend the whole morning lying in bed? 你打算一个上午都躺在床上吗?
34、Beat and Win.
(1) beat vt. 打败,战胜,胜过,超过
例:They beat their enemy, though they were fewer in number. 尽管他们人很少,但打败了对手。
I beat you. 我打败了你。
表示一个球队打败另一个球队也用beat。
(2) win vt. 在⋯⋯获胜(成功),赢得,获得,夺得
例:Who won the race/ the war? 谁赢得这场比赛/战争?
beat后面接对手,win不能接对手。
