
A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred (神圣的) texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic(施虐狂的)impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. As to fear, I think, we also need well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified (使害怕) by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches (巫婆), two-headed dragons, magic (有魔力的) carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging (沉溺) his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick(女巫乘骑的扫帚柄)or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted (使着魔的) girl-friend.
No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane (神志正常的) child has ever believed that it was. (320 words)
41. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is _______.
A. repeated without variation B. treated with respect C. adapted by the parent D. set in the present
42. Some people dislike fairy stories because they feel that they ________.
A. tempt people to be cruel to children B. show the primitive cruelty in children C. lend themselves to undesirable experiments with children D. increase a tendency to sadism in children
43. According to the passage great fear can be stimulated in a child when the story is ________.
A. set in reality B. heard for the first time C. repeated too often D. dramatically told
44. The author's mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ________
A. fairy stories are still being made up B. there is confusion about different kinds of truth C. people try to modernize old fairy stories D. there is more concern for children's fears nowadays
45. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Fairy stories are anything but beneficial to the growth of children. B. Fairy stories teach children the way to adapt to the society. C. No fairy story should be taken as the true description of the reality. D. No fairy story should be told to the children without modification.
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the same passage or dialog.
Standing alone at the Browns' party, Anna Mackintosh thought about her husband Edward, establishing him clearly in her mind's eye. He was a thin man, forty-one years of age, with fair hair that was often untidy. In the seventeen years they’d been married he had changed very little; he was still nervous with other people, and smiled in the same abashed way, and his face was still almost boyish.
She believed she had failed him because he had wished for children and she had not been able to supply any. She had, over the years, become neurotic (神经过敏的) about this fact and in the end, quite some time ago now, she had consulted a psychiatrist (精神科医生), Dr. Abbat, at Edward's pleading (恳求).
In the Browns' rich drawing room, its walls and ceiling gleaming (闪亮) with metallic (金属的) surface of imitation (模仿) gold, Anna listened to dance music coming from a tape recorder and continued to think about her husband.
In a moment he would be at the party, since they had agreed to meet there, although by now it was three-quarters of an hour later than the time he had promised.
The Browns were people he knew in a business way, and he had said he thought it wise that he and Anna should attend this gathering of theirs. She had never met them before, which made it more difficult for her, having to wait about, not knowing a soul in the room.
When she thought about it she felt hard done by, for although Edward was kind to her and always had been, it was far from considerate to be as late as this. Because of her nervous condition she felt afraid and had developed a sickness in her stomach. She looked at her watch and sighed. (292 words)
46. Why did Anna feel awkward at the party?
A. She came to the party too early. B. She was neglected by the host and hostess. C. She felt uncomfortable with the atmosphere of the party. D. She didn't know anyone there.
47. What made Anna feel inadequate?
A. She did not make a good mother to her children. B. She was unable to satisfy her husband's desire to have children. C. She did not get along well with her husband D. She was unable to have a better understanding of her husband.
48. With time going by, Anna started to get angry as ________.
A. she found the Browns were much wealthier than they were B. her husband was usually more thoughtful C. she noticed that no one was willing to talk to her D. her husband was bad-mannered in the party
49. According to the passage, Edward wanted Anna to attend the party because ________.
A. He wanted her to have more of a social life B. He tried to distract her from some unpleasant thoughts C. He needed her support D. He thought she would impress the Browns
50. What kind of woman Anna was according to the passage?
A. sensitive and nervy B. open and talkative C. imaginative and cheerful D. sensible and easygoing
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the same passage or dialog.
The U.S. military has blocked public access to nearly all its Web sites after its servers were attacked by a new computer virus.
Late last week, the U.S. Space Command, which provides security for military computers, instructed all military organizations to block public access after a number of sites had contracted the virus, called the "Code Red" bug, according to an official.
The virus is known as a "denial of service" bug, because it replicates (自我复制) itself by reading the log files on a network server and sending copies to other servers — thereby multiplying and sometimes crashing a system — and denying access to legitimate (合法的) users of the site.
"The Code Red worm did in fact show up in some DoD [Department of Defense] Web sites and we're working to contain that," command spokesman Army Maj. Barry Venable said. "Ways we're going about that include blocking public access to the Web sites, because that's the way this worm works, to prevent it from using our networks to propagate (繁殖) itself."
The virus exploits a security flaw (缺陷) in certain Microsoft network servers. The flaw was announced last month when a patch was released to fix it.
"To protect our DoD Web sites from being compromised, DoD organizations have been told to review the status of the Internet information servers ... to make sure that all the patches that were previously installed had been installed," says Venable.
Only a handful of the major Defense Department sites, with the suffix ".mil" appear currently accessible to the public, including the central public affairs site DefenseLink and the military services' main homepages. Public access is blocked to information connected to those sites, and others such as the National Missile Defense site and the U.S. Air Forces in Europe site. Authorized Department of Defense personnel continue to have access to the sites, Venable said.
(323 words)
51. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
A. The Code Red Worm B. DoD Blocks Public Web Site Access C. DoD was Attacked D. Protect DoD Web sites against Virus
52. The word 'contracted' in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________.
A. make less or smaller B. get an illness C. make a legal agreement D. formally agree to marry somebody
53. Which of the following statement is NOT true about the Code Red worm?
A. It can multiply to a great number B. It may make computer system stop working. C. It's included in a patch released by Microsoft. D. It may destroy the connection between legitimate users and the sites.
54. Public access is blocked to most DoD [Department of Defense] Web sites so that ________.
A. the Code Red worm can't use the web site to replicates itself and send copies B. DoD organizations can have necessary patches installed to protect their sites C. the defense secrets can be prevented from being revealed D. the mistake in certain Microsoft network servers can be corrected
55. Which of the following is NOT the measure taken by DoD to fight against the Code Red worm?
A. Blocking public access. B. Shutting down e-mail. C. Reviewing the status of the Internet information servers. D. Having necessary patches installed.
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the same passage or dialog.
The decline in moral standards — which has long concerned social analysts — has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.
The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation's moral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.
But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. "The thought that 'I'm in it for me' has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness," Ms. Elshtain says.
Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today's greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.
In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.
The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽歌) for some nonexistent "golden age," Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful ( 一厢情愿的 ) longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.
Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. "Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that can't be bought."
(281 words)
56. Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans________.
A. have adapted to a new set of moral standards B. are longing for the return of the good old days C. have realized the importance of material things D. are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards
57. The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by ________.
A. its growing wealth B. the self-centeredness of individuals C. underestimating the impact of social changes D. the prejudice against women and minorities
58. Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?
A. Great mobility. B. Emphasis on individual effort. C. Concern for one's neighbors. D. Ever-weakening social bonds.
59. In the 1950s, classroom violence ________.
A. was something unheard of B. attracted a lot of public attention C. was by no means a rare occurrence D. began to appear in analysts' data
60. According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed ________.
A. if people can return to the "golden age" B. when women and men enjoy equal rights C. when people rid themselves of prejudice D. if less emphasis is laid on material things
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the same passage or dialog.
During the long vacation I was accepted as a trainee bus conductor. I found the job fiercely demanding even on a short route with a total of about two dozen passengers. I pulled the wrong tickets, forgot the change and wrote up my log (行程记录) at the end of each trip in a way that drew hollow laughter from the inspectors. The inspectors were likely to check at any time. A conductor with twenty years’ service could be dismissed if an inspector caught him accepting money without pulling a ticket.
It was hot that summer: 100° Fahrenheit (华氏) every day. Inside the bus it was 30° hotter still. It was so jammed inside that my feet weren't touching the floor. I couldn't blink (眨眼睛) the sweat out of my eyes. There was no hope of collecting any fares.
In these circumstances I was scarcely to blame. I didn't even know where we were, but I guessed we were at the top just before Market Street. I pressed the bell, the doors closed, and the bus surged forward. There were shouts and yells from down the back, but I thought they were the angry cries of passengers who had not got on. Too late I realized that they were coming from within the bus. The automatic doors at the back of the bus had closed around an old lady's neck as she was getting on. Her head was inside the bus. The rest of her, carrying a shopping bag was outside. I knew none of this at the time.
When I at last signaled the driver to stop, he crashed to a halt and opened the automatic doors, whereupon the woman dropped to the road. Unfortunately, the car behind turned out to be full of inspectors. Since it would have made headlines if a university student had almost half-killed a woman of an advanced age, I was given the opportunity to leave quietly. (320 words)
56. What do we learn about the inspectors in the first paragraph?
A. They found the writer amusing. B. They never wore uniforms. C. They were feared by employees. D. They distrusted older employees.
57. Why was the writer unable to do his job properly?
A. He wasn't tall enough. B. The buses were too fast. C. People avoided paying. D. He couldn't move.
58. The old lady in the incident described ________.
A. was injured B. fainted C. was dragged D. hit her head
59. When the incident with old lady happened, ________.
A. the writer had already decided to give up the job B. the writer's employers wanted to avoid publicity C. the writer was offered the chance to continue D. the consequences were as the writer expected
60. What is the writer's attitude now to the job?
A. He feels responsible for the incident that ended it. B. He thinks that he was unfairly treated by the inspectors. C. He is ashamed that he was incapable of doing it properly. D. He believes that it was an impossible job to do well.
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the same passage or dialog.
My love of nature goes right back to my childhood, to the times when I stayed on my grandparent's farm in Suffolk. I think it was my grandmother who encouraged me more than anyone: she taught me the names of wildflowers and got me interested in looking at the countryside, so it seemed obvious to go on to do Zoology at university.
I didn't get my first camera until after I'd graduated, when I was due to go diving in Norway and needed a method of recording the sea creatures I would find there. My father didn't know anything about photography, but he bought me an Exacta, which was really quite a good camera for the time, and I went off to take my first pictures of sea anemones (海葵) and starfish. I became keen very quickly, and I learnt how to develop and print.
I've tried from the beginning to produce pictures which are always biologically correct. There are people who will alter things deliberately: you don’t pick up sea creatures from the middle of the shore and take them down to attractive pools at the bottom of the shore without knowing you’re doing it.
There can be a lot of ignorance in people's behavior towards wild animals and it's a problem that more and more people are going to wild places: while some animals may get used to cars, they won't get used to people suddenly rushing up to them. The sheer pressure of people, coupled with the fact there are increasingly few places where no-one else has photographed, means that over the years, life has become much more difficult for the professional wildlife photographers.
Nevertheless (然而), wildlife photographers play a very important part in educating people about what is out there and what needs conserving. Although photography can be an enjoyable pastime (消遣), as it is to many people, it is also something that plays a very important part in educating young and old alike. (325 words)
61. The author decided to go to university and study Zoology because ________.
A. she wanted to improve her life in the countryside B. she was persuaded to do so by her grandmother C. she was keen on the natural world D. she wanted to stop moving around all the time
62. How is the author different from some of the other wildlife photographers she meets?
A. She tries to make her photographs as attractive as possible. B. She takes photographs which record accurate natural conditions. C. She likes to photograph plants as well as wildlife. D. She knows the best places to find wildlife.
63. The author now finds it more difficult to photograph wild animals because ________.
A. there are fewer of them B. they have become more nervous of people C. it is harder to find suitable places D. they have become frightened of cars
. According to the author, wildlife photography is important because it can make people realize that ________.
A. photography is an enjoyable hobby B. we learn little about wildlife at school C. it is worthwhile visiting the countryside D. it is important to look after wild animals
65. Which of the following describes the author?
A. Proud. B. Sensitive. C. Aggressive. D. Disappointed.
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the same passage or dialog.
During the first half of the nineteenth century much thought was given to building the Panama(巴拿马) Canal. The discovery of gold in California in 1848 brought an increased demand for a transportation link across Panama. A railroad line was completed after six years of hard labor in the swamps (沼泽) and jungles. Over two thousand workmen died from yellow fever and malaria (疟疾). In 1881 a French organization tried to build a canal across the Isthmus(巴拿马地峡). For eleven years workmen struggled against heat and disease. At least 15,000 died before the French gave up their attempts to build the canal. For years the abandoned machinery lay in the jungles. At the close of the Spanish-American War the United States bought a strip of land ten miles wide across the Isthmus. Immediate attention was given to the control of diseases. In two years yellow fever was completely eliminated. Because of the work of American medical heroes, it was possible to build the splendid Panama Canal. (162 words)
36. Prior to the successful completion of the Panama Canal, ________.
A. France bought a strip of land across the Isthmus of Panama B. Malaria was wiped out as a killer disease C. one country failed in its attempts to build a canal D. American doctors were honored for their work
37. The building of the Panama Canal represents ________.
A. man's unyielding desire for progress B. man's unceasing thirst for danger C. man's ability to resist disease D. man's spirit of invention
38. What was given priority by the United States?
A. Buying a strip of land B. Starting building the canal immediately C. the prevention of illness D. the Spanish-American War
39. The author presents details according to ________.
A. order of importance B. spatial (?) order C. simple listing D. time order
40. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The elimination of yellow fever. B. The discovery of gold in California. C. The efforts recorded in the building of the Panama Canal. D. The work of American medical heroes
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the same passage or dialog.
Real policemen, both in Britain and the United States, hardly recognize any resemblance ( ) between their lives and what they see on TV 刼 if they ever get home in time.
The first difference is that in real life a policeman must receive education in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.
He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty 刼 or not 刼 of stupid, petty (ぃ 璶 ) crimes.
Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as heˇs arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks 刼 where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police 刼 little effort is spent on searching.
A third big difference is between the drama detective and the real life ones. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures: first, as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality ( 猭); secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.
If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simplemindedness 刼 as he sees it 刼 of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of stamping out crime, punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is re-catching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical. (323 words)
41. It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law ________.
A. so that he can catch criminals in the streets B. because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerous C. so that he can justify his arrests in court D. because he has to know nearly as much about law as a professional lawyer
42. The everyday life of a policeman or detective is ________.
A. exciting and glamorous B. full of danger C. devoted mostly to routine matters D. wasted on unimportant matters
43. When murders and terrorist attacks occur,the police ________.
A. prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself away B. make a lot of effort to try to track down the criminals C. try to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputation D. usually fail to produce results
44. The real detective lives in an unpleasant moral condition because ________.
A. he is an expensive public servant B. he must always behave with absolute legality C. he is obliged to break the law in order to preserve it D. he feels himself to be cut off from the rest of the world
45 Detectives are rather cynical because ________.
A. nine-tenths of their work involves arresting people B. hardly anyone tells them the truth C. society does not punish criminals severely enough
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the same passage or dialog.
Choosing a travel companion is at least as uncertain as choosing a marriage partner. The chances of success are perhaps even less.
No law of causality(因果关系)exists to insist that in choosing a travel companion you will lose a friend. But it's not unlikely. The odd depends on the length and the rigorousness (严密) of the trip. Some friendships have a strength that will withstand even travel; others are by nature short-lived and travel merely hastens their dissolution (结束,终止).
Perhaps I should make it clear that in discussing this matter of travel companions I am confining myself to Platonic (柏拉图式的) friendships. Intimate friends may well be the best companions of all. Compromises and concessions from such companions clearly spring from a recognized emotional base that colors every issue. I'll confine myself, then, to companions, male and female, who are sharing a trip solely for company. Why bother at all with a travel companion? Why not travel alone, shiftily pursuing one's goal? Some of the answers are obvious. A pleasant fellow traveler eases the stress and tensions, adds to the delights and rewards and pays half the bills. However, a bad-tempered companion quite often brings you to the point where you devoutly(虔诚地) wish you were alone.
Finding that suitable companion is something of an art and something of a gamble. But the choice should be determined by one important rule: Both travelers should be going on the trip with the same idea in mind. They should hold in common a theory of travel. (250 words)
51. Choosing a travel companion is hard and risky, because ________.
A. one may lose a friend. B. one may suffer financial losses. C. one may be trapped in the dangerous situation D. one may miss the chance of finding the right marriage partner.
52. When intimate friends travel together, ________.
A. the trip will hasten their dissolution B. the trip will make them closer to each other C. they will find the right ways to solve problems due to their relationship D. they will make more friends on trip.
53. It can be implied from the passage that the companion talked about here is the person ________.
A. one can think of developing a deeper relationship with B. one can travel with merely for company C. one can count on for a free travel D. one can learn much from
54. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Choosing a travel companion won't lead to the loss of friends. B. Friendships cannot withstand the test of any trip. C. A travel companion is badly needed if one wants to take a trip. D. Like-minded people should travel together.
55. Which of the following could be a likely title for the passage?
A. Travel and Marriage Two Similar Experiences B. Finding a Good Travel Companion a Risky Matter C. Will Travel Damage the Friendship? D. Should One Travel Alone or in Another's Company?
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the same passage or dialog.
The term "culture shock" has already begun to creep into the popular vocabulary. Culture shock is the effect that involvement in a strange culture has on the unprepared visitor. Culture shock is what happens when a traveler suddenly finds himself in a place where yes may mean no, where a "fixed price" is negotiable, where to be kept waiting in an outer office is no cause for insult, where laughter may signify (意味) anger.
The culture shock phenomenon causes a breakdown in communication, a misreading of reality, an inability to cope. Yet culture shock is relatively mild in comparison with the much more serious malady(弊病), future shock. Future shock is brought on by the premature arrival of the future. It may well be the most important disease of tomorrow.
Take an individual out of his own culture and set him down suddenly in an environment sharply different from his own, with a different set of cues to different conceptions (概念) of time, space, work, love, religion, sex,react to and everything else, then the dislocation he suffers will be severe. Given few clues as to what kind of behavior is rational under the radically new circumstances, the victim may well become a danger to himself and others.
Now imagine not merely an individual but an entire society, an entire including its weakest, least intelligent, and most irrationalgeneration suddenly transported into this new world. The result is massmembers disorientation (迷失方向), future shock on a grand scale.
This is the prospect that man now faces. Change is avalanching(把 ... 淹没) upon our heads and most people are unprepared to cope with it. (271 words)
56. Culture shock occurs when ________.
A. one loses all hopes of returning to his home environment B. one expresses ideas and emotions contrary to what he intends to express C. one cannot make accurate judgment using one's own value standards D. one cannot conduct negotiations for goods of fixed prices
57. Future shock is much more serious than culture shock as ________.
A. it concerns the problems of the future B. it affects people on a grand scale C. it causes mass casualties (伤亡) D. it destroys the foundation of the society
58. The word 'cue' in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to something that ________.
A. disorients an individual B. disturbs an individual's normal way of life C. helps an individual to function in society D. arouses an individual's interest in the new culture
59. One of the good measures to prevent future shock is to ________.
A. get people well-prepared for the future changes B. keep people well-informed of the cultures in different places C. make people fight against the possible future changes D. acquaint people with the harm of the future changes
60. It can be inferred that the author's tone in the passage is ________.
A. humorous B. exaggerated C. ironic (讽刺的) D. serious
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the same passage or dialog.
Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In the interval he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and there are few things of which he stands in more fear than of the absence of noise. Even his conversation is in great measure a desperate attempt to prevent a dreadful (可怕的) silence. He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means no more than the buzzing (发出嗡嗡声) of a fly, but he longs to join the buzz and to prove that he is a man and not a waxwork figure. The object of conversation is not, for the most part, to communicate ideas. It is to keep up the buzzing sound. There are, it must be admitted, different qualities of buzz: there is even a buzz that is as exasperating (使人恼怒的) as the continuous ping of a mosquito. But at a dinner party one would rather be a mosquito than a mute (不会说话的人). Most buzzing, fortunately, is agreeable to the ear, and some of it is agreeable even to the mind. He would be a foolish man, however, who waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with his neighbors.
Those who despise (看不起) the weather as a conversational opening seem to me to be ignorant of the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation in the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are content if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people’s ears, though they have nothing to tell them except that they have seen two or three new plays or that they have had food in a Swiss hotel. At the end of evening during which they have said nothing at immense length, they are proud of themselves on their success as conversationalists. (314 words)
61. The significance of man's speaking ability is that ________
A. it proves his existence as a man B. it raises his position as a man C. it makes him enjoy meaningful conversations D. it gets him out of trouble
62. The statement that "ninety-nine percent of human conversation means no more than the buzzing of a fly" suggests that __________________.
A. most of the human conversations are inspiring and instructive B. most of the human conversations are as irritating as the noise made by a fly C. most of the human conversations can be dismissed as meaningless D. most of the human conversations can be regarded as the effective activities
63. According to the passage, a man will look silly if he ________.
A. makes mistakes in the conversation B. feels reluctant to join in the conversation C. fails to communicate anything new to others in the conversation D. misunderstands others' meanings in the conversation
. In the author's opinion, the introduction of weather as a conversational opening indicates ________.
A. the ignorance of the conversationalist B. the start of an acceptable conversation C. the coming of something new D. the boring nature of the conversation
65. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?
A. At a dinner party, everyone prefers to talk like a mosquito. B. People despise the meaningless conversations. C. People take pride in their roles as conversationalists. D. One can always learn something useful from the conversation.
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the same passage or dialog.
Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.
Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.
People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.
It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal (残酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation (冲突) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻拦者). Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox's smell, which the dogs follow.
Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit (追逐) of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain. (317 words)
56. Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes ________.
A. for recreation B. to limit the fox population C. in the interests of the farmers D. to show of their wealth
57. What is special about fox hunting in Britain?
A. It involves the use of a deadly poison. B. It is a costly event which rarely occurs. C. The hunters have set rules to follow. D. The hunters have to go through strict training.
58. Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game________.
A. by resorting to violence B. by taking legal action C. by confusing the fox hunters D. by demonstrating on the scene
59. A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to________.
A. prohibit farmers from hunting foxes B. forbid hunting foxes with dogs C. stop hunting wild animals in the countryside D. prevent large-scale fox hunting
60. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. killing foxes with poison is illegal B. limiting the fox population is unnecessary C. hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent D. fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the same passage or dialog.
It seems like science fiction, but it's already a reality: milk from cloned cows, and it's coming to a grocery store near you unless the federal government decides to intervene (干涉).
An experimental dairy farm in Wisconsin is producing some of the world's first milk from a herd of 21 cloned cows, 17 of them from the same original animal, all genetically identical. Infigen, the biotech company that runs the farm, says its cows are normal and healthy, the milk looks and tastes just like any other. The lack of any completed scientific study on the milk's safety doesn't stop Infigen's president, Michael Bishop, from pouring himself a glass. "It's delicious," he said.
To date there is nothing to stop him. The Food and Drug Administration has asked biotech companies to voluntarily refrain (抑制) from selling animal products derived from clones, but there are no laws in place. The FDA is waiting for the National Academy of Sciences to complete a review of the safety of cloned animal products. The report is expected sometime in January.
Infigen has agreed to wait until the federal report comes out before marketing its milk, but it's mostly a public relations move. Bishop has learned from the widespread public mistrust of genetically engineered foods.
Cloned animals are not considered genetically engineered (their DNA has not been modified in any way, simply copied), and Infigen wants to make sure the public understands the distinction. "We have to be diligent (勤勉的) in getting in front of consumer groups. We need to put together the data, go out and tell them about this."
Groups that monitor genetically engineered foods say they are also concerned about cloned animal products, only because we know so little about their safety.
"We don't know what the genetic ramifications (支流) would be and how it would play out with products from the animals," said Joe Mendelson, legal director for the Washington-based Center for Food Safety. (319 words)
61. Which of the following is NOT a feature of cloned cows?
A. They are of the same origin. B. They have entirely the same genes. C. They are genetically identical. D. They produce milk.
62. When can the milk from cloned cows be sold at grocery stores?
A. When the federal government stops intervening. B. After the cows prove normal and healthy. C. When the milk proves to be safe to drink. D. After Infigen's president drinks the milk himself.
63. Why can't FAD stop Infigen from selling its milk?
A. Because there's no law to prohibit it from selling the milk. B. Because the National Academy of Sciences can prove the safety of cloned animal products. C. Because most people like the milk from cloned cows. D. Because Infigen can show their consumers that its milk is normal.
. The term 'genetically engineered' most probably means ________.
A. The DNA has been modified B. The DNA has become irregular C. The DNA has been copied D. the DNA has become abnormal
65. From this passage, we can draw the conclusion that the major problem of cloned animal products is that of its ________.
A. regularity B. safety C. normality D. popularity
Questions 66 to 70 are based on the same passage or dialog.
This was the challenge Kristin Casper faced when she learned that San Francisco voters would decide on two solar power propositions (提案) last November. If they were news to Casper, who is a Greenpeace clean-energy organizer, then it probably meant they were lacking the support they’d need to pass. But she also believed that California, still in its crippling energy crisis, was ripe for solar.
So Casper got help, employing five students from Green Corps, a Boston-based field school for environmental campaign organizers. By the end of their second month, Casper's group had assured the victory of both solar initiatives. Proposition B, which won 73 percent of the vote, allows the city to issue $100 million in revenue bonds (债券) to create active-solar facilities for city agencies, without imposing new tax on its citizens. It opens the potential for San Francisco to nearly double its capacity of power generation. Proposition H allows the city to carry out future clean-energy projects without a citywide vote each time.
How did they manage this?
"First off," says Casper, "the five organizers were fresh out of school and full of energy. Second, we focused on city districts we knew would turn out to vote if informed." They also targeted religious groups, which, in recent years, have increasingly shown a sense of responsibility for protecting the Earth, she says.
Third, they just worked hard. They planned the campaign over breakfast at 7:00 A.M. and then worked until 10 P.M., distributing 300,000 leaflets (小册子), posting 1,500 signs, calling 50,000 voters, and gaining new support. In the end, more than 200 volunteers got involved.
They impressed more than San Francisco's voters. Casper says officials of other cities, including Boulder, Colorado, have approached them for guidance, and they're happy to help. "We hope to get San Diego to be the next solar city in California," she says. (words: 317)
66. "If they were news to ..." (Para.1) Here, 'they' refer to ________.
A. San Francisco voters B. Greenpeace clean-energy organizers C. two solar power propositions D. students from Green Corps
67. To Casper's mind, California was ________.
A. not fit for the solar power project B. deeply involved in energy crisis C. ready for the solar power project D. crippled by the financial problems
68. Proposition B ________.
A. allowed the city to carry out each clean-energy project without a vote B. allowed San Francisco to impose new tax on its citizens C. doubled the entire country's capacity of power generation D. eased the city's financial burden in the form of $100 million revenue bonds
69. Casper's group focused their efforts on ________.
A. city districts they thought would be most likely to vote B. the five energetic organizers fresh out of school C. religious groups showing great responsibility for environment D. leaflets distribution and telephone calls
70. Which city is in line for the next solar city?
A. Boulder. B. San Diego. C. Colorado. D. San Francisco.
Questions 71 to 75 are based on the same passage or dialog.
Planetary scientists are set to write the opening chapter of A Tale of Two Comets (彗星) with next Monday's launch of Contour, an unprecedented mission that will peer into the cores of two comets over the next four years.
Where ground-based astronomers (宇航员) can see only a glowing ball whose core andis shrouded (遮蔽) in dust and gas, Contour will be able to pierce that veil spot details on the comet’s nucleus only 12 feet across.
For hundreds of years, comets have caught the human imagination. But only recently have they come within reach of science's virtual grasp – first through optical and radio telescopes, then via spacecraft.
The Contour will encounter the comets in November 2003 and it promises, with a clearer picture of their structures and locations, to expand understanding of these mysterious comets. Their collisions with a young Earth are thought to have supplied the planet with water and other chemical compounds necessary to give rise to organic life, and to have altered the course of evolution.
Armed with Contour's observation facilities, as well as with data from past comet flybys, researchers will be able to explore the diversity of comets arising at different stages of their lifecycle. "This is an essential next step in exploring comets," says Joseph Veverka, head of Cornell University's astronomy department and Contour's lead investigator. (words: 233)
71. What can Contour do?
A. To send astronauts to comets. B. To see a glowing ball. C. To spot the cores of two comets. D. To peer into the dust and gas.
72. What's true about comets?
A. Their diameters are only 12 feet. B. Their cores are hard to pierce and to observe. C. They are full of water and other compound chemicals. D. They have altered the course of evolution.
73. Why didn't planetary scientists explore the mysteries of comets before?
A. Because comets are shrouded in dust and gas. B. Because the scientists are not ready to write A Tale of Two Comets. C. Because the scientists did not have a clear picture of their locations. D. Because it was only recently that the study of comets became a possibility.
74. What does the word 'flybys' (Para.5) probably mean?
A. Flight. B. Spacecraft. C. Flyover. D. Cores.
75. What's the essential significance of Contour's mission?
A. Helping astronomers have a clearer picture of comets than before. B. Having a clear picture of their structure and location. C. Exploring the diversity of comets arising at different stages of their lifecycle. D. Obtaining data from past comet flybys.
