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由引导词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。例如:
1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.
2.You will get good grades if you study hard.
如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.
3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.
我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)
4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.
如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)
在英文中,条件是指某一件事情实现之后(状语从句中的动作),其它事情(主句中的动作)才能发生,通常译作“假如”。
注意:在含有条件状语从句的复合句中,表示将来时态,主句是一般将来时态,从句要用一般现在时,祈使句或情态动词[主将从现原则](主将从现,将并非指将来时,还只表示将来含义的,跟着if后的那句话是从句。
条件状语从句类型
语法引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如:
1) If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。
2) If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的
if引导的条件状语从句既可以将从句放前面也可以将从句放后面
(如果天下雨,我们就不玩了)If it rains, we will stop playing.‘
转为We will stop playing if it rains.
另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如:
If I were you,I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。
I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.如果没有堵车,我会到的早一点儿。
其他连词:
1. on condition(that)...在……条件下,如果 on condition (that)...引导的条件从句是主句事件发生的前提条件或唯一条件。
I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你,条件是你答应保密。
2. provided conj.假如,除非,以……为条件 provided (that) +从句表示一种假设条件
He won't be against us in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance.如果我们提前征求一下他的意见,他就不会在会上反对我们。
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如:but for若非,要不是
But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.要不是下雨,我们的旅行肯定会很愉快。
经典语句:If it dosen't rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.
If you open the door,i will come in.
条件状语从句就是用以表示“在某种条件下,会……”常用if, in case, on condition等词来引导
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, provided, suppose, supposing 等..
主句用一般将来时,if或unless引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。
【注:在条件状语从句中,some要变为any。】
if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种:
真实条件句
如:If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go on a park
非真实条件句是虚拟语气的一种,表示与事实相反,如:
If I were you, I would go with him.
1)学习条件状语从句应注意以下几点:
⑴条件状语从句中一般不使用将来时态,尽管主句使用将
来时态,而从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。
【例】
I will come to see you if I have time.
我有时间,我就来看你。
⑵注意条件状语从句在虚拟语气中的使用。
【例】
If I were to I should first of all get the experts to discuss the plan.
如果我真的想做这事,我首先会找专家们讨论我的计划。
练习题
1.If you _____ to the party, you’ll have a great time.
2.The meeting didn't start___ everyone was there.
A. because B. until C. why D. if
3. The dictionary is so expensive ___ i can't buy it.
A. because B. when C. that D. if
4.I ____ her the answer if she ____me.
A. can tell, will ask B. will tell, will ask
C. would tell, ask D. will tell, asks
5.Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?--Sorry, I don’t know. When he ____ back, I’ll tell you.
A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come
6. I’ll give the book to him if he ___ here next Sunday.
A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came
7. If there ___ no buying and selling of animals, there___ no killing in nature.
A. is; will he B. will be; will be C. is; is D. will be; is
8. The students ____ have a sports meeting this weekend if it _____。
A. won’t’t; will rain D. are going to; is going to rain
9. It was raining heavily _____ we got to Paris.
A. while B. if C. when D. because
10. I don’t know if _____ tomorrow.
11 . The volleyball match will be put off if it _____
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining
12. Difficulties are nothing if we _____ not afraid of them
A. will B. shall C. are D. do
13. We _____ Beijing tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.
A. are going to B. would C. shall D. will go
14. I don’t like to be interrupted if I _____ .
A. speak B. will speak C. am speaking D. spoke
15. If you _____ the book you will understand the story better.
A. will be reading B. have read C. will have read D. read
16. If you _____ I will go with you
A. go to B. went C. will D. should go
17. I’ll go to meet you,if I _____ free then.
A. would be B. will be C. am D. was
18. If you _____ to the music, buy a CD.
A. will listen B. listen C. listening D. listened
19. He suggested _____ a pinic tomorrow.
A. to have B. having C. have D. to having
20. Be careful, if you _____ want to make mistakes.
A. won’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. not
21. Work hard if you _____ to get a good mark.
A. wanted B. wanting C. want D. will want
22. There is going to _____ a sports meeting next week. If it _____ , we’ll have to cancel it..
23. If he _____, I _____ go swimming alone.
24. If you _____ a chance to study in a foreign country, just take it.
A. getting B. had got C. will get D. get
25. Frank _____ a film if he’s free next Saturday.
A. see B. saw C. has seen D. will see
