
一.概念
名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称的词,有专有名词和普通名词之分,还有可数名词与不可数名词之分.
二.相关知识点精讲
.名词复数的规则变化
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2.其它名词复数的规则变化
) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母 y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如:
Marys the Henrys
--monkeys holiday---holidays
) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos
--radios zoo---zoos;
. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。
) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs
--safes gulf---gulfs;
. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves
--knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
--wives life---lives thief---thieves;
. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
.名词复数的不规则变化
) child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
--mice man---men woman---women
注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
) 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但
除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。
)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:
police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。
. news 为不可数名词。
. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair
(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。
. 不可数名词量的表示
)物质名词
. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。
比较:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)
cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)
. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如:
factory produces steel. (不可数)
need various steels. (可数)
c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:
country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。
teas, please. 请来两杯茶。
) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:
freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。
. 定语名词的复数
名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。
) 用复数作定语。例如:
meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室
table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系
) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如:
workers women teachers gentlemen officials
) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。例如:
train (货车) arms produce 武器生产
papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷
) 数词 名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如:
dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路
hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划
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英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下:
) 单数名词词尾加"'s",复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。
) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加" ' ",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。
) 凡不能加"'s"的名词,都可以用"名词 of 名词"的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。
) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。
) 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示"分别有";只有一个's,则表示'共有'。例如:
's and Mary's rooms(两间) John and Mary's room(一间)
6) 复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如:a month or two's absence
三.巩固练习
.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_______. a. little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages
.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to ______ during the war.
. an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes
.The students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming New Year.
. many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation
.Paiting in _____ is one of their spare-time activities.
. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil
.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here.
. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many
.The large houses are being painted, but ______.
. of great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense
.The room was small and contained far too ______.
.much new furniture c. much new furnitures
.many new furniture d. many new furnitures
.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.
. rooms number b. room number c. room’s numbers d. room numbers
can do ______ work in a short time, but a man can not do ______ by himself.
great many many c. much a great deal
.great deal of much d. many a great many
.She didn’t know _____ he had been given.
. how many information c. how many informations
. the number of information d. how much information
.He invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party.
. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-arm
. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm
.All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.
. women doctors c. woman doctors
. women doctor d. woman doctor
.After ten years, all these youngsters became_____.
. growns-ups c. growns-up
. grown-up d. grown-ups
.The police investigated those _____ about the accident.
. stander-by c. standers-by
. stander-bys d. standers-bys
.The Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camp.
.prisoner-of-wars c. prisoners-of-war
.prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war
.The manager was greatly appreciate that _____ made by Linda lately.
. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels
.Mary’s dress is similar in appearance to her ______.
. elder sister b. elder sister’s c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress
.All the people at the conference are ______.
. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher
b.mathematics teachers d. mathematic’s teachers
.Professor Mackay told us that ______ of lead are its softness and its resistance.
. some property c. properties
. some properties d. property
.Physics _____ with matter and motion.
. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are
四.答案
