必修五
Unit 1 Great Scientists
| 词形 变化 | 1. scientific adj.科学的 | science n.科学 | scientist n.科学家 | |
| 2. valuable adj.有价值的 | value n. 价值 | value v. 估价, 评价 | ||
| 3. instruct v. 教导， 命令 | instruction n. 指示，用法说明 | instructive adj.有益的，教育性的 | ||
| 4. enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的 5 announce v．宣布 | enthusiasm n.狂热，热心 announcement n.宣布 | enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者 announcer n，广播员，告知者 | ||
| 重点 单词 | 1.conclude v. 断定， 得出结论; 结束（正式）； 2.attend v. vt. 出席, 参加, 照顾, 护理, 注意 vi.专心, 留意 3.expose vt. 使暴露, 受到, 使曝光 v揭露 4.absorb vt. 吸收;使(精神)贯注;吞并 5.blame n过失, 责备 vt.责备, 谴责 6.instruct vt .教, 教导, 命令, 指示, 通知 7.contribute vi．& vt．捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿 | |||
| 重点 词组 | put forward 提出：提议以供考虑 eg. He put forward a new plan yesterday．他昨天提出一个新计划。 in addition/ apart from 除……之外;另外 make sense 有意义 make／draw／reach／come to／arrive at a conclusion下结论，得出结论； bring sth. to a conclusion使…结束； in conclusion作为结论，最后； be exposed to ….置身于……;暴露于… be absorbed in 全神贯注于;热衷于; blame sb．for(doing)sth． 因(做)某事而指责某人 eg他指责你玩忽职守. He blames you for neglect of duty. blame sth．on sb． 因某事而指责某人 sb．be to blame for(doing)sth． 因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责； 注意: be to blame 应负责 (无被动形式)。 eg.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了. It seemed that the water was to blame. | |||
| 重点句子 | 1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 3.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it ….. | |||
| 重点语法 | 过去分词做表语和定语 (见语法专题) | |||
II. 词形变化
【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) The _________ took a very ________ approach to _________.(science)
2) The ______ make a(n) ________ that all the details should _______ through the broadcast.(announce)
3) It is ______ and easy for the children to read some masterpieces with the _______ at the bottom of each
page.(instruct)
4) “You don’t seem very ______ about the idea.” “I don’t mind,” she said, without much ______.(enthusiasm)
| 5) There is no any criterion to ______ whether it is _______ information. (value) |
1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去．
[解释] every time可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”immediately，the moment，directly，instantly等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”
[典例]
1）Every time I meet him，I always think of the things happened between us．
每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。
[练习] 汉译英
１）每次我去找他，他都在专心看书．
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2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚．
[解释]Only 引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装．
［练习］汉译英
2) 就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的宝贵．
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3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it …..
他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转．
[解释]with + 宾语+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等．
［典例］
1）With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。
2）She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face. 她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。
[练习] 汉译英
3．老师微笑地走进教室，身后还跟着一群小朋友．
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Unit 2 The United Kingdom
一、语言要点
I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
| 词形 变化 | 1. convenience n.便利，方便,适合 | convenient adj.便利的,方便的 | conveniently adv.便利地 | |
| 2. attraction n.吸引,吸引力 | attractive adj. 吸引人的,有魅力的 | attract v. 吸引 | ||
| 3. construct v.建造,构造,建立 | construction n..建筑,建设 | |||
| 4. arrange v. 安排,协商 | arrangement n. 排列,安排 | |||
| 5.collect v.收集, 聚集, 集中 | collection n.收藏, 征收, 搜集品 | |||
| 6. fair adj. 公平地, 公正地, | unfair adj. 不公平的 | |||
| 7.suggest vt.建议, 暗示 | suggestion n. 提议, 意见, 暗示, | |||
| 重点 单词 | 8.consist vi.由...组成, 在于, 一致 9.clarify v.澄清, 阐明 10.convenience n.便利, 方便, 有益, 有用的, 方便的用具、 11.influence n.& vt.影响, 感化, 势力, 有影响的人(或事) 12.available adj.可用到的, 可利用的,有空的, 13.arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商 14.delight n.快乐, 高兴, 喜悦v. (使)高兴, (使)欣喜 | |||
| 重点 词组 | take the place of代替,取代 1)In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel. 将来天然气会代替汽油成为主要的能源。 break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解 The bridge broke down．桥塌了。 leave out省去,遗漏 consist of=be made up of 由…组成;由…构成 ) 这支球队由12人组成。the team consists of 12 players to sb.'s delight令人高兴的是.. leave for 动身到(某处) leave alone不管;撇下…一个人 leave aside搁置 leave behind遗忘;遗留 | |||
| 重点句子 | 1.There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries. 2.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. | |||
| 重点语法 | 过去分词做宾语补足语 | |||
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) These meals are quick and _________ to prepare. We provide these meals for the _____ of the customers. (convenience)
2)What ________ me first was that there is a beautiful house with an ____________ garden.(attraction)
3)They had an _________ that the children would spend their holiday abroad.(arrange)
4)The classic music _________ his childhood, and he thought that listening to the music has a calming _________ on him. (influence)
5)A new city of Wenchuan is still under __________, although it was ________ a half year ago.(construct)
| 6)At the whole classmates’________, the head teacher ________ they should go camping this weekend. (suggest) |
1. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.
没有必要去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。
[解释]There is no need to do没有必要做某事
There is no doubt that ……是毫无疑问的
[练习]汉译英
1) 没必要给他写封信告知这个消息.
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2.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，而且在伦敦去世.
[解释] It is/seems/…that …从句用虚拟语气，由“should+v.原形”构成
[典例]
1) It is strange that my mother should agree with me.真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。
2) It was strange that my mother should have agreed with me. 真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。
[练习]翻译
1）真奇怪,他竟然考试不及格.
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Unit3 Life in future
语言要点
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
| 词形 变化 | 1.settlement n. 定居；解决 | settle v. 安放, 使定居, 安排; 安家, 定居 | |
| 2. surrounding n. 周围的事物；环境 | surround v. 包围, 围绕 | ||
| 3. press v. 按；压；逼迫 | pressure n. 压, 压力, | ||
| 4.require v. 需要；要求；命令 5. impression n. 印象, 感想, | requirement n. 需要；要求；命令 impress v. 印, 留下印象 | ||
| 重点 单词 | 1.private adj.私人的；私有的 2.settlement n.定居；解决 3.impression n.印象；感想；印记 4.remind v.提醒；使想起 5.previous adj.在前的；早先的 6.lack v.缺乏；没有 n.缺乏；短缺的东西 7.require v.需要；要求；命令 8.assist v.援助；帮助；协助 | ||
| 重点 词组 | 1.take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续 1)This table takes up too much room．这张桌子太占地方。 2)She has taken up a job as a teacher．她当上老师了。 3)This chapter takes up where the last one off． 本章继续上一章的内容。 2.be similar to 与……相似 1) His views are similar to mine.他的观点与我的很相似 3.in all directions向四面八方 4.lose sight of/ catch sight of不再看见....../ 瞥见…… 5.sweep up打扫；横扫 | ||
| 重点句子 | 1.What problems do you think people in the future will have overcome? 2.This is similar to the “jet lag” you get when flying,… | ||
| 重点语法 | 过去分词做状语 | ||
【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1）_________ by green hill on the north and south and a blue sea on the east, this city really enjoys nice ______________.(surrounding)
2）It’s time you _________ your difference with your father. (settlement)
3）---What’s your __________ of the new teacher?
---He is a kind and handsome young man, but what _____ me most is his sense of humour.(impression)
4）It is _________ that all students should wear the school uniform in school, but not all students obey the _________. (require)
| 5）The nurse ______ the wound and the _______ to the arm stopped the bleeding at last. (press) |
1．What problems do you think people in the future will have overcome?
你认为未来的人们将克服什么问题?
[解释] 此句为复杂疑问句，其句式结构为：疑问词+do you think+其余部分(其余部分为陈述语序),do you think 为插入成分。能用于此句型的动词有：think，believe，suppose，imagine，suggest，expect等。
[典例]
1)Who do you think is the tallest in your class?你认为在你们班谁最高?
[注意]
1)如果此句型的动词后面的从句里有否定意义，往往要把否定前置。如：
I don't think it’s right to do so．我想这样做是不对的。
[练习] 汉译英
1)你觉得我们什么时候见面好?
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2)我想他们马上就到.
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Unit4 Making the news
一、语言要点
I单元要点预览
| 词形 变化 | 1. employ v.雇佣,使用 | employment n.雇佣 | employer雇佣者, employee受雇者 | |
| 2. approve v.赞成,批准 | approval n,赞成,批准 | |||
| 3. profession n.职业,专业 | professional adj.专业的 | |||
| 4.guilt n.犯罪 5. concentrate v.集中注意力 | guilty adj. 犯罪的,内疚的 concentration n.专注,专心 | |||
| 重点 单词 | 1.concentrate vt.集中；聚集 2.course n.过程；进程；课程；一道菜 3.trade n.行业；贸易；商业 4.defend vt.防护；辩护；护卫 5.senior adj.年长的；高年级的；高级的 6.approve vt. 赞成；称许；批准 7.polish vt.擦亮；磨光；润色 8.employ vt. 雇用, 用, 使用 9.intention n. 意图, 目的 | |||
| 重点 词组 | 1.on one’s own 独自； 2. have a good “nose”for sth 探查发现某事物的能力 3. be supposed to应当；认为必须4. look forward to盼望 5. be guilty of有罪;因…负疚 6. so as to 以致;为了 7.concentrate one's attention on [upon] 把注意力集中在 如果你全神贯注，就能解决这个问题。 You’ll solve the problem if you concentrate upon it. 8 defend against/from保卫; 抵抗。保护, 保卫(使不受伤害) 的职责是保护民众不受伤害。 It’s policemen’s duty to defend their people from harm. 9. look forward to盼望 Many senior students are looking forward to graduation due to the heavy burden. 由于不堪重负许多高中生期待着毕业. | |||
| 重点句子 | Not only am I interested in photograph, but I took a course at university, so it’s actually of special interest to me. | |||
| 重点语法 | 过去分词做表语和定语 (见语法专题) | |||
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1）This book demanded all your_________.(concentrate)
2）My parents didn’t _________ of my leaving school this year and I had to accept their ________.(approve)
3）We need enough _________ engineers to undertake the job.(profession)
4）his _______ was proved beyond all doubt by the prosecution and he felt _____ about not telling the truth to the judge (guilt)
| 5）The factories that ________thousands of workers criticized the method _________by the country’s government.(employ) |
Not only am I interested in photograph, but I took a course at university, so it’s actually of special interest to me. 我不仅仅只是对摄影感兴趣,在大学里我还专修过摄影呢,所以对此我真是特别感兴趣.
[解释] not only…but also ..不但…而且…,当否定的短语not only放在句首,句子用倒装.
[典例]
1）By reciting many articles, we can not only improve our writing skill but also train our memory.
通过背诵一些文章,我们不仅能够提高写作能力,还可以训练我们的记忆.
2）Not only does she do well in her job, but she is always ready to help others.
她不仅工作出色,还乐于助人.
[练习] 汉译英
1）网上购物不仅能节约你的时间，还可以给你带来很多乐趣。
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Unit 5 First aid
I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
| 词形 变化 | 1. bleed v. 使出血, 放血 | blood n. 血, 血液, 血统 | bloody adj. 有血的, | |
| 2. mild adj. 温和的, 温柔的 | mildly adv. 温和地, 适度地 | |||
| 3.treat v. 视为, 对待, 治疗 | treatment n. 待遇, 对待, 处理, 治疗 | |||
| 4. pressure n. 压, 压力,压迫 | press v. 压, 压迫 | |||
| 5.bravery n勇敢 | brave n. 勇敢的 | |||
| 重点 单词 | 15.aid n.&vt.帮助；援助；资助 16.tissue n.[生]组织, 17.squeeze vt.&vi. 榨；挤；压榨 18.present vt.给；介绍；赠送；呈现 19.authentic adj.真实的；真正的；可信的 | |||
| 重点 词组 | 1．fall ill生病(get ill, become ill) The rescue team worked day and night and many people fell ill at last. 救援队伍不分白天黑夜地工作，结果许多人病倒了。 2. in place在适当的位置, 适当 I like to have everything in place.我喜欢所有的东西都摆好。 3. put one’s hands on找到，得到某物 In the dark night, he eventually put his hands on his glasses.在黑暗中，他终于摸到了他的眼镜。 4. make a difference (1)有很大差别, 有很大 不同 (2) 有很大的关系[影响] Whether he could get the support from his parents made a great difference to the plan. 他是否能得到父母的支持对这个计划的影响很大。 | |||
| 重点句子 | There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms. Slade’s life. | |||
| 重点语法 | 省略(Ellipsis) (见语法专题) | |||
【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) A person of hot _______ is not afraid of _______ in battle for the country.(blood)
2) I was only ______ interested in English when I took up it.(mild)
3) people had to _____ themselves in their own way, before they received the ____ sent by the government.(treat)
4) ________ this button and the _______ of the water will rise.(press)
| 5) The ______ boys were rewarded with medals for their ________in Wenchan earthquake. |
1.There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms.Slade’s life.
毫无疑问,正是约翰快捷的动作和他在中学所学的急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命.
[解释] There is no doubt that毫无疑问… There is some doubt whether是否……,还有些疑问
[练习] 汉译英
2)毫无疑问,证据是对我方有利.
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2.Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.不要擦拭，因为这样会擦破水泡，伤口会感染。
[解释] “get+过去分词”表被动
[典例]
1) In China, most workers get paid by month.在中国，大部分工人按月领公司。
2) So, as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious.因此，如你所想象的，如果你的皮肤被烧伤了，就会变得非常的严重。
[练习] 汉译英
2) 在足球比赛中，他的腿折了。
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答案
Unit1
词性变化
keys: 1) scientist; scientific; science 2) announcer; announcement; be announced 3) instructive;instructions
4) enthusiastic; enthusiasm 5) value;valuable
重点句子
Keys: 1) Every time I went to see him, he was absorbed in reading.
2．Only when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is.
3．With a group of children following, the teacher came into the classroom with smile.
Unit2
词性变化
keys: 1) convenient; convenience 2) attracted; attractive 3) arrangement 4) influenced; influence 5) construction; constructed 6) suggestion; suggested
重点句子
1)There is no need to write to him and inform him the news.
2.It’s strange that he should fail the exam.
Unit3
keys: 1）Surrounded; surroundings 2）settled; 3）impression; impresses 4）required; requirement 5）pressed; pressure
重点句子
Keys: 1)when do you think is convenient for us to have a meeting?
2)I believe they will arrive shortly.
Unit4
词性变化
keys: 1) concentration 2) approve; approval 3) professional 4) guilt; guilty
5) employ; employed
重点句子
1）Not only can shopping on the Internet save your time, but also bring you great fun.
Unit5
词性变化
keys: 1) blood; bleeding 2) mildly 3) treat; treatment 4) Press; pressure 5) brave; bravery
重点句子
1.There is no doubt that the evidence available is favorable for us.
2) His leg got broken in the football match.
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