
26个字母发音规律:
| a | [eɪ] | name able cake table take date |
| [æ] | apple cat map match sad and angry | |
| [α:] | dance last pass plant | |
| [ɒ] | want what watch wash | |
| [ɔ:] | water | |
| [e] | any anybody many | |
| [ə] | library about China | |
| [eə] | area parent | |
| b | [b] | book big bag box |
| c | [k] | clean climb cup clock cook clothes |
| [s] | face nice pencil city cinema | |
| d | [d] | desk doll dog dad day dish does deep |
e | [i:] | he she me evening meter |
| [e] | elephant egg bed pen best get next then | |
| [ɪ] | enjoy English eleven because forest | |
| [ə] | gentlemen hello | |
| f | [f] | fine friend fly foot fan fall fight |
| g | [ɡ] | gun glass glad go get |
| [ʤ] | age orange village | |
| h | [h] | hat her house honey happy have heavier hurt hospital |
| i | [aɪ] | fine bike five ice climber hiking kind |
| [ɪ] | is sit miss pig picture ill dinner him listen pick river | |
| [i:] | police pizza ski | |
| [ə] | ||
| j | [ʤ] | jeep jacket jump Jan. July June |
| k | [k] | kite cake thank kangaroo speak take walk work lake like |
| l | [l] | leg left ruler flag lamp longer relax play |
| [l] | apple bowl tell old tail whale | |
| m | [m] | am map my mouth milk |
| n | [n] | no know new hand |
| [ŋ] | thank think thing uncle swing | |
o | [əu] | old home nose coke tomato over hold piano |
| [ɒ] | dog not clock box robot on from forest often stop | |
| [ʌ] | son month mother love young | |
| [u:] | who do whose | |
| [ə] | ||
| [ʊ] | woman | |
| p | [p] | map jeep pig pen apple plant play please policeman |
| q | [kw] | quite quilt quick |
| r | [r] | radio brother read rabbit write mirror library |
| s | [s] | sit miss this books spring swim sleep grass |
| [z] | nose those rose rulers season | |
| [ʃ] | sure sugar Asia Asian | |
| [] | leisure usual decision | |
| t | [t] | it sit not that table little take left fruit but plant |
| u | [ju:] | use usually excuse menu |
| [ʌ] | bus us sun duck uncle up trunk funny must | |
| [ʊ] | put pull helpful | |
| [ɪ] | business build | |
| [ə] | ||
| [u:] | ruler blue June rule rude | |
| [juə] | curious | |
| v | [v] | five love very seven village live |
| w | [w] | we window watch want wait water Wednesday winter with |
| x | [ks] | box six fox relax |
y | [aɪ] | my fly why bye |
| [j] | yes yellow young yesterday | |
| [ɪ] | happy baby very windy snowy study | |
| z | [z] | zoo zero |
| seizure |
| ai | [eɪ] | wait paint |
| [e] | said | |
| [aɪ] | aisle /aɪl/ | |
| ank | [ æηk] | tank thank |
| ass | [a:s] | grass class glass brass. |
| ask | [ a:sk] | ask task mask basket |
| ay | [eɪ] | May play day say |
| air | [еә] | air hair chair |
| ar | [α:] | farther farm car arm garden hardly party |
| [ɔ:] | war quarter | |
| [ə] | dollar sugar | |
| are | [еә] | hare mar bare glare |
| al | [α:] | half calm |
| au | laugh aunt | |
| al | [ɔ:] | walk chalk |
| all | tall small ball | |
| au | caugh caught taught | |
| aw | draw law saw | |
| augh | ||
| ough | bought | |
| oor | door floor | |
| ore | more store sore |
| ea | [i:] | meat please tea read cleaner east easy leaf season |
| [e] | head bread ready | |
| [ɪə] | theater | |
| [eɪ] | great | |
| ee | [i:] | meet see bee feet jeep seed weekend sweet sweep |
ear | [ɪə] | ear hear near |
| [еә] | bear wear | |
| [з:] | earth learn | |
| eau | [ju:] | beauty |
| ei | [aɪ] | either |
| [i:] | receive | |
| eigh | [eɪ] | neighbour |
| eir | [еә] | their |
| eo | [i:] | people |
| er | [ə] | worker teacher November later |
| [з:] | her | |
| ere | [ɪə] | here |
| [еә] | where there | |
| eer | [ɪə] | deer beer |
| eu | [ju:] | feud |
| ew | [ju:] | new few |
| [u:] | flew grew | |
| ey | [i:] | key |
| [ɪ] | monkey money honey volleyball | |
| [eɪ] | grey they | |
| ie | [i:] | thief piece field believe |
| [aɪ] | die pie | |
| [e] | friend | |
| igh | [aɪ] | right high bright |
| ir | [з:] | bird girl shirt thirty third |
| oa | [əu] | boat coat road goat |
| oi | [ɔɪ] | boil oil |
| oy | toy boy | |
| ong | [ɒŋ] | long song |
| oo | [ʌ] | blood flood |
| [ʊ] | book foot good look | |
| [u:] | moon balloon | |
| or | [ɔ:] | short fork pork north |
| [з:] | word world work | |
| [ə] | doctor actor forget |
| ou | [əu] | though although soul shoulder |
| [au] | out house mouth cloud south bounce | |
| [ʊ] | should would could | |
| [u:] | you soup group | |
| [ʌ] | tough enough rough country touch | |
| oor | [uə] | poor |
| our | [uə] | tour |
| [ɔ:] | four your | |
| [з:] | journey journal | |
| [auə] | our hour | |
| [ə] | ||
| ough | [əu] | though although |
| ow | [əu] | bowl window know row |
| [au] | now cow flower down how | |
| ur | [з:] | turn |
| [ə] | surprise | |
| ua | [uə] | February usual usually |
| ure | [juə] | cure pure |
| [uə] | ||
| [ə] | lecture |
| ui | [ju:] | suit |
| [u:] | fruit | |
| [ɪ] | biscuit | |
| uy | [aɪ] | buy |
| ye | [aɪ] | bye |
| bb | [b] | rabbit lobby cabbage hobby |
| dd | [d] | middle daddy |
| ll | [l] | ill pull college village call fall |
| pp | [p] | happy appear apple |
| tt | [t] | little better pretty bitter litter |
| mm | [m] | grammar swimmer |
| nn | [n] | funny sunny winner |
| tr | [tr] | tree train trip |
| dr | [dr] | dress driver |
| ge | garage prestige | |
| [ʤ] | age,cage,gorge. | |
| gg | [ɡ] | egg beggar giggle |
| gu | guess guest guard guide guess | |
| dge | [ʤ] | bridge,knowledge. |
| th | [θ] | thank mouth thin think twelfth |
| [ð] | this that with together | |
| sh | [ʃ] | shirt wash short ship shine shop show fresh |
| ch | [ʃ] | machine |
| [tʃ] | child chair catch teach watch | |
| [k] | school Christmas |
| ck | [k] | attack clock knock duck lock |
| kn | [n] | know,knock,knight |
| ng | [ŋ] | cling,sing,english |
| nk | [ŋk] | ink,think,blink. |
| ff | [f] | effect suffer |
| gh | cough laugh rough enough | |
| ph | physics,photo | |
| qu | [kw] | queue,quest,require |
| sc | [s] | science scene scissors |
| ss | class miss boss message pass loss | |
| sh | [ʃ] | shit,sheep shop cash,rubbish wash |
| sion | [∫ən] | tension decision revision |
| tion | attention position | |
| tch | [t∫] | catch match |
| th | [θ] | think thing those |
| [ð] | that this | |
| tw | [tw] | two twin twenty |
| wh | [w] | white wheel what |
| [h] | who whose whom | |
| rr | [r] | worry arrive |
| wr | write |
| ts | [ts] | jackets kites |
| tes | dates | |
| t’s | ||
| des | [dz] | rides grades |
| ds | birds friend |
清辅音浊化
英语浊化只出现在下列情况下:当/p/、/t/、/k/、/tr/前面的音标是/s/,且所在音节是重读音节,则清辅音浊化成/b/、/d/、/g/、/dr/。
浊化的一个根本特点是,发音发生改变,而音标的书写方式没有改变,所以在拼读的时候尤其要注意。比如school我们虽然读作/sgu:l/,但音标依然要写成/sku:l/。
有人把美国人water,better的发音中/t/趋向于/d/也称为浊化,这是一种无知的说法,因为这只是美音和英音的区别,英国人并不这样读。我们不妨可以看作是美国人为了读音方便,做出的一种语音弱化现象。
音节 开音节和闭音节
所谓音节是指由一个元音音标单独构成,或者由辅音和元音组合而成的发音单位。
所谓开音节和闭音节是针对单词而言的,以a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母之一结尾的,或者与辅音字母(r除外)结合并且以字母e结尾的音节。
其他以辅音字母和元音字母组合的音节是闭音节。
元音字母在单词中的发音规律
英语有a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母。这五个元音字母在单词中的发音也是有规律的,例如:
1、A
在开音节中发/ei/,比如:cake,take,
在闭音节中发/æ/,比如:rat,that,tank,
与r组合时发/a:/,比如:bark,tard.这其实是字母组合发音。
2、E
在开音节中发/i:/,比如:me,she,thesis,theme
在闭音节中发/e/,比如:tension,lesson,hen.
与r组合时发/∂:/,比如:emergency,energy.这其实是字母组合发音。
3、I
在开音节中发/ ai/,比如:mine,knife,mike.
在闭音节中发/i/,比如:bit,kick,pick,
与r组合时发/∂:/,比如:skirt,dirty这其实是字母组合发音。
4、O
在开音节中发/∂u/,比如:choke,nose,rose.
在闭音节中发/⊃/,比如:knock,not,rot.
与r组合时发/⊃:/,比如:born,more,short,这其实是字母组合发音。
5、U
在开音节中发/ju:/,比如:use,unite
在闭音节中发/Λ/,比如:truck,suck,much.
与r组合时发/∂:/,比如:burn,turn,nurse这其实是字母组合发音。
辅音字母在单词中的发音规律
在英语单词中,除了元音字母组合发音具有一定的规律外,辅音字母组合的发音也有一定的规律,掌握这些规律对迅速掌握单词,有事半功倍的效果。下面简单总结一下辅音字母组合的发音规律。
b一般发音为:/b/。比如:bake,bike,bad,boy.
c有两种发音:/k/。比如:cake,catch,cap.
或 /s/。比如:cite,city,rice.
d一般发音为:/d/。比如:dog,dick,dot,duck.
f一般发音为:/f/。比如:forth,future,fox.
g一般发音为:/g/。比如:muskeg,egg,good.
h一般发音为:/h/。比如:hate,hot,humorous.
k一般发音为:/k/。比如:cook,coak,kitchen.一般在词尾。
l一般发音为:/l/。比如:milk,smile,tail.
m一般发音为:/m/。比如:mum,memory,mushroom,much.
n一般发音为:/n/。比如:nut,enough,nike.
p一般发音为:/p/。比如:proper,pitch,pig,poke.
q一般需要跟u一起用。发/kw/,在字母组合发音时会讲到。
r一般发音为:/r/。比如:right,rock,russia,rich.
s一般发音为:/s/。比如:sit,sick,season,seashore.
或/z/。比如:rise,raise,towards,一般在开音节中。
t一般发音为:/t/。比如:tick,teach,temple.
v一般发音为:/v/。比如:very,victory,vacancy.
w一般发音为:/w/。比如:watch,word,work.
x一般发音为:/ks/。比如:six,sex,excise.一般在词中或词尾。
/zi∂/。比如:xerox.一般在词首。
/gz/。比如:example,exactly,多在以字母开头的单词中。
y一般发音为:/i/。比如:physics,baby,kitty.一般在闭音节中。
/ ai/。比如:bye,eye,一般在开音节中。
/j/。比如:yoke,new york,you,yesterday.一般在词首。
z一般发音为:/z/。比如:zigzag,zero,zipper
