
Commentary on Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
Although neo-classicism played a leading role in the literary scene in the 18th
Century, there were many poets whose poetry more or less deviated from the rules
that set down by neo-classicist poets. These poets showed great desire for something
more natural in thought and language. In their poetry, emotions and sentiments had
been more expressed. Among these poets, one of the representatives was Thomas
Gray. Gray was an important poet of neo-classicism and he spent most of his life in
Cambridge on study and work. He was so self critical and fearful of failure that he
only published 13 poems during his lifetime. His masterpiece was The Elegy Written
in a Country Churchyard,which cost him eight years to finish and has been ranked
among the best of the 18th century English poetry.
Gray’s Elegy, a model of sentimentalist poetry, is regarded as a “best known
poem in the English language”, a poem full of the gentle melancholy which marks all
early Romantic poetry. With a classical precision and polish, the poem shows a keen
interest in the English countryside and a sincere feeling of the life of common
people.In this poem,the poet wandered in the churchyard and thought a lot when he
saw the Grave stones of the ordinary people. These people are unknown to public and
they worked for all their lives but they were buried in so simple and crude churchyard
after their death .They were ambitious as well as some great people when they were
Alive. The poet expressed his great sympathy to the ordinary people and criticize
the extravagant and dissipated big shots. Besides, he showed the fact that death was
inevitable and that even “the paths of glory led but to the grave”.
The poem contains 32 quatrains of iambic pentameter, with a rhyme scheme
of abab for each stanza. Each line has five pairs of syllables for a total of ten syllables.
In each pair, the first syllable is unstressed and the second is stressed. We can find it in
the first two lines of the poem: “The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, The lowing
herd winds slowly o'er the lea”. Besides, in each stanza, the first line rhymes with the
third and the second line rhymes with the fourth (abab), which was a characteristic of
this kind of poem.For example, “ The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, The
lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea, The plowman homeward plods his weary
way, And leaves the world to darkness and to me.” A stanza with the above
characteristics—four lines, iambic pentameter, and an abab rhyme scheme—is often
referred to as a heroic quatrain.
In the writing skills, Thomas used many means of artistic expression to
display the theme. Personification is used in many sentences. For example,the author put many abstract conceptions together on a specific person which made the language more lively and touching. It is much better than a third person to tell the story directly. In addition,the author used a lot onomatopoeic words, such as lowing and tinkling, which enabled the readers imagine the voice and the circumstances. In this way, the readers can understand the author better and reach agreement with the author unconsciously in emotions. From this point we can find this poem is of rich and bright colors.
In this poem,the poet wanted to express several meanings: Firstly, people
no matter great or ordinary,will end with death,just as the poet mentioned in his
poem:“The paths of glory lead but to the grave.” Many humble men and women
buried in the churchyard after their death. No grandiose memorials and no flattering
words about the dead people can bring him or her back from death. Secondly, many
talented people never receive the opportunities they deserve because of poverty or
other handicaps. No matter how hard they worked,they could not catch up with others.
They are common not because they lack of ability but the chances others had. Though
this point,the author expressed his sympathy to the ordinary people and satire to the
influential officials for their greedy and inhumanity.Thirdly, in the rural setting, the
ordinary people are far from the temptations, they lived a poor but happy and virtuous
life. In the following sentences we can find it:” Far from the madding crowd's ignoble
strife, Their sober wishes never learned to stray; Along the cool sequestered vale of
life ; They kept the noiseless tenor of their way.” However, the rich and powerful
people worked all day for power,money and rights by cruel methods. They had no
time to enjoy life and they had to worry many things which may threaten their
possessions. That’s all.
参考文献:1.Selected Readings of English Poetry
2.A New Anthology of English Literature
