socialist economy 社会主义经济
capitalist economy 资本主义经济
collective economy 集体经济
planned economy 计划经济
controlled economy 管制经济
rural economics 农村经济
liberal economy 自由经济
mixed economy 混合经济
political economy 政治经济学
protectionism 保护主义
autarchy 闭关自守
primary sector 初级成分
private sector 私营成分,私营部门
public sector 公共部门,公共成分
economic channels 经济渠道
economic balance 经济平衡
economic fluctuation 经济波动
economic depression 经济衰退
economic stability 经济稳定
economic policy 经济
economic recovery 经济复原
understanding 约定
concentration 集中
holding company 控股公司
trust 托拉斯
cartel 卡特尔
rate of growth 增长
economic trend 经济趋势
economic situation 经济形势
infrastructure 基本建设
standard of living 生活标准,生活水平
purchasing power, buying power 购买力
scarcity 短缺
stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气
underdevelopment 不发达
underdeveloped 不发达的
developing 发展中的
initial capital 创办资本
frozen capital 冻结资金
frozen assets 冻结资产
fixed assets 固定资产
real estate 不动产,房地产
circulating capital, working capital 流动资本
available capital 可用资产
capital goods 资本货物
reserve 准备金,储备金
calling up of capital 催缴资本
allocation of funds 资金分配
contribution of funds 资金捐献
working capital fund 周转基金
revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金
contingency fund 意外开支,准备金
reserve fund 准备金
buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金
sinking fund 偿债基金
investment 投资,资产
investor 投资人
self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给
current account 经常帐户 (美作:checking account)
current-account holder 支票帐户 (美作:checking-account holder)
cheque 支票 (美作:check)
bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票
crossed cheque 划线支票
traveller's cheque 旅行支票
chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook)
endorsement 背书
transfer 转让,转帐,过户
money 货币
issue 发行
ready money 现钱
cash 现金
ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠
change 零钱
banknote, note 钞票,纸币 (美作:bill)
to pay (in) cash 付现金
domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币
convertibility 可兑换性
convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币
exchange rate 汇率,兑换率
foreign exchange 外汇
floating exchange rate 浮动汇率
free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场
foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券
hard currency 硬通货
speculation 投机
saving 储装,存款
depreciation 减价,贬值
devaluation (货币)贬值
revaluation 重估价
runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀
deflation 通货紧缩
capital flight 资本外逃
stock exchange 股票市场
stock exchange corporation 证券交易所
stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所
quotation 报价,牌价
share 股份,股票
shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东
dividend 股息,红利
cash dividend 现金配股
stock investment 股票投资
investment trust 投资信托
stock-jobber 股票经纪人
stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司
securities 有价证券
share, common stock 普通股
preference stock 优先股
income gain 股利收入
issue 发行股票
par value 股面价格, 票面价格
bull 买手, 多头
bear 卖手, 空头
assigned 过户
opening price 开盘
closing price 收盘
hard times 低潮
business recession 景气衰退
doldrums 景气停滞
dull 盘整
ease 松弛
raising limit 涨停板
break 暴跌
bond, debenture 债券
Wall Street 华尔街
short term loan 短期贷款
long term loan 长期贷款
medium term loan 中期贷款
lender 债权人
creditor 债权人
debtor 债务人,借方
borrower 借方,借款人
borrowing 借款
interest 利息
rate of interest 利率
discount 贴现,折扣
rediscount 再贴现
annuity 年金
maturity 到期日,偿还日
amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付
redemption 偿还
insurance 保险
mortgage 抵押
allotment 拨款
short term credit 短期信贷
consolidated debt 合并债务
funded debt 固定债务,长期债务
floating debt 流动债务
drawing 提款,提存
aid 援助
allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴
output 产出,产量
producer 生产者,制造者
productive, producing 生产的
products, goods 产品
consumer goods 消费品
article 物品,商品
manufactured goods, finished goods 制成品,产成品
raw product 初级产品
semifinished goods 半成品
by-product 副产品
foodstuffs 食品
raw material 原料
supply 供应,补给
input 投入
productivity 生产率
productiveness 赢利性
overproduction 生产过剩
外部审计 external audit
外国直接投资 foreign direct investment (FDI)
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves
外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap
外汇占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings
外向型经济 export-oriented economy
外债 external debt
外资企业 foreign-funded enterprises
完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system
完税凭证 tax payment documentation
违法经营 illegal business
委托存款 entrusted deposits
稳步增长 steady growth
稳健的银行系统 a sound banking system
稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability
无纸交易 book-entry(or paperless/scriptless)transaction
物价监测 price monitoring
X
吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity
稀缺经济 scarcity economy
洗钱 money laundering
系统内调度 fund allocation within a bank
系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis
下岗工人 laid-off employees
下游企业 down-stream enterprises
现场稽核 on-site examination
现金滞留(居民手中) cash held outside the banking system
乡镇企业 township and village enterprises(TVEs)
消费物价指数 consumer price index(CPI)
消费税 excise(consumption)tax
消灭财政赤字 to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit
销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system
销售平淡 lackluster sales
协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment
新经济增长点 new sources of economic growth
新开工项目 new projects;newly started projects
新增贷款 incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion
新增就业位置 new jobs;new job opportunities
信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings
信号失真 distorted signals
信托投资公司 trust and investment companies
信息不对称 information asymmetry
信息反馈 feedback(information)
信息共享系统 information sharing system
信息披露 information disclosure
信用扩张 credir expansion
信用评级 credit rating
姓“资”还是姓“社” pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist
行政措施 administrative measures
需求膨胀 demand expansion; excessive demand
虚伪存款 window-dressing deposits
削减冗员 to shed excess labor force
寻租 rent seeking
迅速反弹 quick rebound
Y
养老基金 pension fund
一刀切 universal application;non-discretionary implementation
一级市场 primary market
应收未收利息 overdue interest
银行网点 banking outlets
赢利能力 profitability
营业税 business tax
硬贷款(商业贷款) commercial loans
用地审批 to grant land use right
有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate
证券投资 portfolio investment
游资(热钱) hot money
有市场的产品 marketable products
有效供给 effective supply
诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion
逾期贷款 overdue loans;past-due loans
与国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted
与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market
预算外支出(收入) off-budget (extra-budgetary) expenditure(revenue)
预调 pre-emptive adjustment
月环比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis
Z
再贷款 central bank lending
在国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions
在人行存款 deposits at (with) the central bank
在途资金 fund in float
增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture
增势减缓 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum
增收节支措施 revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures
增长平稳 steady growth
value-added tax(VAT)
涨幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth
账外账 concealed accounts
折旧 depreciation
整顿 retrenchment;consolidation
工具 policy instrument
性业务 policy-related operations
性银行 policy banks
组合 policy mix
干预 government intervention
证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions
证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase
发行货币 to issue currency
发行总股本 total stock issue
法定准备金 required reserves;reserve requirement
法人股 institutional shares
法人股东 institutional shareholders
法治 rule of law
房地产投资 real estate investment
放松银根 to ease monetary policy
非现场稽核 off-site surveillance(or monitoring)
非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions
非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations
分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system
分业经营 segregation of financial business(services);division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions
风险暴露(风险敞口) risk exposure
风险管理 risk management
风险意识 risk awareness
风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios
风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard
服务事业收入 public service charges;user's charges
扶贫 poverty alleviation
负增长 negative growth
复式预算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account
G
改革试点 reform experimentation
杠杆率 leverage ratio
杠杆收购 leveraged buyout
高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest
个人股 non-institutional shares
根本扭转 fundamental turnaround(or reversal)
公开市场操作 open market operations
私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts
公用事业 public utilities
公有经济 the state-owned sector;the public sector
公有制 public ownership
工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio
工业增加值 industrial value added
供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply
鼓励措施 incentives
股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises
股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises
股份制银行 joint-equity banks
固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans
关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption
关税减让 tariff concessions
关税优惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment
规范行为 to regularize(or standardize)…behavior
规模效益 economies of scale
国计民生 national interest and people's livelihood
国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals
国家风险 country risk
国际分工 international division of labor
国际收支 balance of payments
国有独资商业银行 wholly state-owned commercial banks
国有经济(部门) the state-owned(or public)sector
国有企业 state-owned enterprises(SOEs)
国有制 state-ownership
国有资产流失 erosion of state assets
国债回购 government securities repurchase
国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities
过度竞争 excessive competition
过度膨胀 excessive expansion
过热迹象 signs of overheating
H
合理预期 rational expectation
核心资本 core capital
合资企业 joint-venture enterprises
红利 dividend
宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance
宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals
宏观 macroeconomic management(or adjustment)
宏观目标 macroeconomic objectives(or targets)
坏账 bad debt
还本付息 debt service
换汇成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings
汇兑在途 funds in float
汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank
汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates
活期存款 demand deposits
汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment
混合所有制 diversified(mixed)ownership
货币态势 monetary policy stance
货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers
J
基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure
基本经济要素 economic fundamentals
基本适度 broadly appropriate
经济金融术语汉英对照表(续表二)
所有者权益 owner's equity
T
逃税(请见“避税”) tax evasion
套汇 (1)指合法:currency swap;arbitrage(2)指非法:illegal purchase of foreign exchange
剔除季节性因素 seasonally adjusted
调节流动性 to influence liquidity level
贴现窗口 discount window
同比 on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year
同业拆借(放) inter-bank borrowing(lending)
同业拆借市场利率(中国) CHIBOR(China inter-bank offered rate)
同业融通票据 inter-bank financing bills
同业往来 inter-bank transactions
透支 overdraft
退税 tax refund(rebate)
头寸 position
吞吐基础货币 adjustment of monetary base
脱媒现象 disintermediation
安全网 safety net
按可比口径 on comparable basis
按轻重缓急 to prioritize
暗补 implicit subsidy
暗亏 hidden loss
B
颁发营业执照 to license;to grant a licence to
办理存款业务 to take deposits
保护农民的生产积极性 to protect farmers'incentive to produce
备付金(超额准备金) excess reserves
本外币并账 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts
本外币对冲操作 sterilization operation
本位利益 localized interest;departmentalism
奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do
避税(请见“逃税”) tax avoidance
币种搭配不当 currency mismatch
币种构成 currency composition
变相社会集资 disguised irregular(or illegal) fund raising
表外科目(业务) off-balance-sheet items(operation)
薄弱环节 weaknesses;loopholes
不变成本 fixed cost
不变价 at constant price;in real terms
不动产 real estate
不良贷款(资产) problem loans;non-performing loans(assets)
C
财务公司 finance companies
财政赤字 fiscal deficit
财政挤银行 fiscal pressure on the central bank(over monetary policy)
财政与货币的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies
采取循序渐进的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner
操作弹性 operational flexibility
操纵汇率 to manipulate exchange rate
产品构成 product composition;product mix
产品积压 stock pile;excessive inventory
产销率 current period inventory;(即期库存,不含前期库存)sales/output ratio
产销衔接 marketability
产业 industrial policy
长期国债 treasury bonds
敞口头寸 open position
炒股 to speculate in the stock market
承购包销 underwrite(securities)
成套机电产品 complete sets of equipment;complete plant(s)
城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives(UCCs)
城市合作银行 urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks
城市商业银行 municipal commercial banks
城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅 real growth in household income
持续升温 persistent overheating
重复布点 duplicate projects
重置成本 replacement cost
重组计划 restructuring plan
筹资渠道 funding sources;financing channels
初见成效 initial success
出口统一管理、归口经营 canalization of exports
出口退税 export tax rebate
储蓄存款 household deposits(不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits,前者包括活期存款,后者不包括。)
储蓄分流 diversion of household deposits
储源萎缩 decline in the availability of household savings
传导机制 transmission mechanism
从价税 ad valorem tax
从紧控制 tight control
存贷款比例 loan/deposit ratio
存款保险体系 deposit insurance system
存款货币银行 deposit money banks
存款准备金 required reserves
D
打白条 issue IOU
大额存单 certificate of deposit(CD)
大额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts
大面积滑坡 wide-spread decline
大一统的银行 (all-in-one)mono-bank system
呆账(请见“坏账”) bad loans
呆账准备金 loan loss reserves(provisions)
呆滞贷款 idle loans
贷款沉淀 non-performing loans
贷款分类 loan classification
贷款限额管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling
贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary(constraint)mechanism
代理国库 to act as fiscal agent
代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions
戴帽贷款 ear-marked loans
倒逼机制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition
道德风险 moral hazard
地区差别 regional disparity
第一产业 the primary industry
第二产业 the secondary industry
第三产业 the service industry;the tertiary industry
递延资产 deferrable assets
订货不足 insufficient orders
定期存款 time deposits
定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources
东道国(请见“母国”) host country
核算 independent accounting
短期国债 treasury bills
对冲操作 sterilization operation;hedging
对非金融部门债权 claims on non-financial sector
多种所有制形式 diversified ownership
E
恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation
二级市场 secondary market