炉温系统的研究
宋超( 安庆师范学院物理与电气工程学院 安徽 安庆 246011)
指导老师:
摘要
热处理是提高金属材料及其制品质量的重要手段。近年来随着工业的发展,对金属材料的性能提出了更多更高的要求,因而热处理技术也向着优质、高效、节能、无公害方向发展。电阻炉是热处理生产中应用最广的加热设备,这样加热时均温过程的测量与控制就成为关键性的技术,促使人们更加积极地研究控制热加工工艺过程的方法。电阻炉是一种具有纯滞后的大惯性系统,开关炉门、加热材料、环境温度以及电网电压等都影响控制过程,传统的加热炉控制系统大多建立在一定的模型基础上,难以保证加工艺要求。因此本文将模糊控制算法引入传统的加热炉控制系统构成智能模糊控制系统,利用模糊控制规则自适应地在线对PID参数进行修改,借此提高其控制效果。本文以模糊自整定PID控制算法为基础,设计了两级计算机集散型控制系统控制电阻炉群。下位机以8031单片机为主体,构成一个能进行较复杂的数据处理和复杂控制功能的智能控制器,使其既可与微机配合构成两级控制系统,又可作为一个的单片机控制系统,具有较高的灵活性和可靠性。单片机根据输入的各种命令,进行智能算法得到控制值,输出脉冲触发信号,通过过零触发电路驱动双向可控硅,从而加热电阻炉。上位机在Windows98环境下开发,可监控多台下位机。本文提出的基于模糊的自整定PID控制算法的控制系统具有真正的智
能化和灵活性,有自动检测、数据实时采集、处理及控制结果显示等功能,所获控制精度高,对高质量热处理件的加工具有指导意义。
关键词
电阻炉,单片机,智能控制器,自适应,模糊PID
Abstract
Heat treatment is a main means of improving metal material andmetalwork.In recent yeas,with the development of industry,there are moreand more supernal request for metalwork,so heat treatment is hammering athigh quality and efficient,low-power and zero-social effects of pollution.Resistance furnace is a used broadest heating equipment in heat treatment,andmeasurement and control of temperature in heating is becoming pivotal technic.These urge people study methods of controlling heating process.Resistance furnace has pure lag and larger inertia.There are many factorswhich affectcontrolling process,such as opening and closing furnace door,heated metal material,surrounding temperature and wire power.In tradition,heating furnace controlling system is most based on some model,which can’tachieve heating process request.So this paper try in draught fuzzy controllingarithmetic into traditional heating furnace controlling system to formbrainpower fuzzy control system.It makes using of fuzzy control rule toself-tuning PID parameters on line,and improving its control effect.This paper designs the tow orders TDC to control resistances base of
Fuzzy self-tuning PID controlling arithmetic.DDC has 8031 SCM as theprincipal part and is anintelligent controller that can work intricater dataprocessing and intricate control function.It not only is a member of TDCworking with computer but also is a self-governed SCM control,and has more
flexible and security.SCM gives out pulse signal to spring circuit then drivingtriode AC and heatingfurnace after works out the control value through inputorders.SCC is empoldered in Windows98 and can watch several DDC.Fuzzy self-tuning PID control this paper bring forwards has veriestintelligent and flexible,which has auto-measurement,gathering and dealingwith real time data and show control result,etc.It has high control precisionand directive meaning for processing quality heating metalwork.Keywords resistance furnace,SCM,intellective controller,self-tuning,PID,SCR