
1. Expressions of being healthy:
be healthy, stay in good shape, have a clean bill of health, a sound mind in a sound body, fit and robust, glowing health, hale and hearty, feel like a million, can't complain, sound as a whistle, fresh, able-bodied, full of life, in the pink, physically fit, safe and sound, blooming, rosy-cheeked
2. Expressions of being ill:
be ill / sick / feeble and frail, come down with (flu / fever), ill health, feeling terrible / ill / awful / rotten / rundown, feeling like the walking dead / feeling rundown, feeling out of sorts, break out with, sick as a dog, on one's back, under the weather, unwell, have / run a temperature
3. Expressions of treatment (medical / non-medical):
take medicine, have ... removed, (have an operation), therapeutic healing, injection, inoculation, medical check-up, medical tests, antibiotic treatment, cure-all, pick-me-up, painkiller, antidote, miracle drugs, medicinal, faith healer, panacea, acupuncture (针刺疗法), osteopathy (推拿疗法), homeopathy (草药疗法)
4. Expressions of keeping fit:
do exercise / aerobics (有氧操), stay positive, an apple a day keeps the doctor away, do yoga(逾迦), practise martial arts (武术), do soft boxing (打太极拳), practise qi-gong (气功)
Notes
robust a. 强健的;茁壮的
hale a. 健壮的
feeble a. 无力的;软弱的
frail a. 虚弱的;身体单薄的
disability n. 力;无力
therapeutic a. 有疗效的;有益健康的
antibiotic a. 抗生素的,抗菌的
painkiller n. 止痛药
antidote n. 解毒药
medicinal a. 药用的;有疗效的
palliative n. 缓和物
acupuncture n. 针刺疗法
osteopathy n. 推拿疗法
homeopathy n. 草药疗法
aerobics n. 有氧运动(操)
remedy n. 治疗;药品
"Few things in life are as positive as food, or are taken as intimately and completely by the individual. One can listen to music, but the sound may enter in one ear and go out through the other; one may listen to a lecture or conversation, and day-dream about many other things; one may attend to matters of business, and one's heart or interest may be altogether elsewhere ... In the matter of food and eating however one can hardly remain completely indifferent to what one is doing for long. How can one remain entirely indifferent to something which is going to enter one's body and become part of oneself? How can one remain indifferent to something which will determine one's physical strength and ultimately one's spiritual and moral fibre and well-being?" Kenneth Lo
---- Kenneth Lo
生活中很少有几样东西像食物一样实在,像食物一样与我们息息相关的了。你可以在听音乐时,乐声左耳进,右耳出;你可以在听报告或讲话时,梦想许多其他的事情;你可以在关照生意时,心思早已跑到九霄云外......然而,关于食物和饮食,你几乎不能很长时间漠不关心。你怎能漠不关心那些要吃进肚子里并且成为你身体一部分的东西?你怎能漠不关心那些将决定你的体力甚至情操气节的东西?
肯尼士.罗
[summary] Kenneth Lo thinks that eating is the most important thing in life.
[author] Keenth Lo, a Chinese British, is a well-known gourmet and successful restaurant owner. He wrote a number of books on food.
1. Few things in life are as positive as food, or are taken as intimately and completely by the individual.
[grammatical point] as...as
The first ‘as' is often dropped in an informal style, especially in American English.
She's hard as nails.
When a personal pronoun follows the second ‘as', we can use either a subject-form or an object-form. Subject forms are more common in a formal style, but object-forms are much more common in informal speech and writing.
She is as clever as me.
The dress is twice as expensive as that.
He looks as ill as he sounded on the phone.
2. One can listen to music, but the sound may enter in one ear and go out through the other...
enter in one ear and go out through the other: go in at one ear and out at the out, be heard but either ignored or quickly forgotten一耳进,一耳出;左耳进,右耳出;当作耳边风
You've forgotten to buy the eggs! It (i.e. What I tell you) enters in one ear and go out through the other.
3. ...one may attend to matters of business, and one's heart or interest may be altogether elsewhere...
[paraphrase] One may take care of business matters, and at the same time one may be absent-minded...
4. In the matter of food and eating however one can hardly remain completely indifferent to what one is doing for long.
in the matter of sth.: concerning sth.关于某事物
I want to speak to her in the matter of my salary.
[idioms]
It's all, (only, etc) a matter of time (before...): This consequence is inevitable though it may not happen immediately只是迟早的问题
let the matter drop / rest: stop mentioning sth. or trying to change it就此作罢
make matters worse: make an already difficult situation more difficult将事情弄得更糟糕
a matter of sth. / doing sth. 涉及……之问题
a matter of life or death: issue that is crucial to survival, success, etc生死攸关的事情;成败关键
a matter of opinion: issue on which there is disagreement见仁见智的事
It's simply a matter of time before the rebels are crushed.
She reluctantly agreed to let the matter drop.
Her attempts to calm them down only made matters worse.
Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.
Of course this must have priority --- it's a matter of life and death.
"She is a fine singer." "That's a matter of opinion."
be indifferent to sb. / sth.: having no interest in sb. / sth.漠不关心,毫不在乎
How can you be indifferent to thee sufferings of starving people?
5. How can one remain indifferent to something which will determine one's physical strength and ultimately one's spiritual and moral fibre and well-being?
determine: decide forcefully, strongly决定,决意 cause something to be decided确定
He determined to work harder.
The money we have will determine how long we can stay there.
and ultimately one's spiritual and moral fibre and well-being:
and food can determine whether a person is spiritual and morally strong and sound
ultimately: considered as a foundation or base 基础地,基本地
The president is ultimately responsible for the affair.
moral: concerning character, behavior, or actions, considered or judged as being good or evil, right or wrong道德上的;based on the idea of what is right (compared with what is lawful)精神上的,良心上的,道义上的
Commercial matters must be judged by moral as well as business standards.
His judgment was based on the law of the land and not on moral law.
cf. ethical: morally right or good合乎道德的
I shouldn't do that; it isn't ethical.
Para 1 This is an easy question for a Chinese to ask, but a Westerner might find it difficult to answer. Many people in the West are gourmets and others are gluttons, but scattered among them also is a large number of people who are apparently pretty indifferent to what goes into their stomachs, and do not regard food as having any ultimate moral effect on them. How, they might ask, could eating a hamburger or drinking Coca Cola contribute anything to making you a saint or a sinner? For them, food is quite simply a fuel.
对于中国人而言,这是一个很容易问的问题,但在西方人看来就可能难以回答。西方有很多人是美食家,其他的便是贪食者。而在他们中间又夹着一大批这样的人,他们看上去对那些进入他们胃里的东西毫不在意,也从不去想食物对他们会有什么精神上的影响。他们也许会问,难道吃一个汉堡或喝一罐可乐就会使你变成圣人或罪人?在他们眼中,食物仅仅是用来填饱肚子的。
[summary] A large number of Westerners regard food simply as a kind of fuel and do not think that it has any moral effect on them.
1. Many people in the West are gourmets and others are gluttons, but scattered among them also is a large number of people who are apparently indifferent to what goes into their stomachs, and do not regard food as having any ultimate moral effect on them.
gourmet: n. person who enjoys and is expert in the choice of fine food, wines, etc. 美食家
gourmet restaurant: a place serving fine food 菜肴精美的餐馆
glutton: person who eats too much 贪吃的人,吃得过多的人
You've eaten the whole pie, you glutton!
[idiom] glutton for sth.: person always ready for more (of sth. difficult or unpleasant) 甘于承受更多困难、不快事物的人
scatter: v. (of things or persons) to go, usu quickly, in different directions 分散,散去
The people scattered when the soldiers came.
stomach: n. (informal) front part of the body between the chest and thighs; abdomen 肚子; bag-like organ of the body into which food passes when swallowed and in which the first part of digestion occurs 胃
He hit me in the stomach.
It's unwise to swim on a full stomach, i.e. when one has just eaten a meal.
[idioms]
stomach for sth.: desire or eagerness for sth. 对某事物的欲望或渴求
I had no stomach for a fight.
sb's eyes are bigger that his stomach: sb. is too greedy in asking for or taking more food than he can eat 眼大肚小;眼馋肚饱
He is a person whose eyes are bigger than his stomach.
a strong stomach: ability not to feel nausea不感到恶心
You have to have a strong stomach to watch animals being slaughtered.
turn one's stomach: to cause sb. to be disgusted or revolted使某人反胃或恶心
The film about eye operations turned my stomach.
regard as: to consider as 视为,认为是
I regard your action as a crime.
have effect on: to change produced by an action or cause; result or outcome 效应;结果;后果
The film had quite an effect on her.
[idioms]
bring / put sth. into effect: to cause sth. to come into use 使某物开始使用
come into effect: (esp of laws, rules, etc) to reach the stage of being in use (尤指法律,规则等)实施,实行
give effect to sth: to cause sth. to become active or produce a result 使某事物实行起来,使生效
The new system will soon be put into effect.
The new seat-belt regulations came into effect last week.
The new ruling gives effect to recommendations of the special committee.
2. How, they might ask, could eating a hamburger or drinking Coca Cola contribute anything to making you a saint or a sinner?
hamburger: flat round cake of minced beef, usu fried and eaten with onions, often in a bread roll 汉堡包
Coca Cola: popular non-alcoholic carbonated drink 可口可乐
contribute to: 1) be one of the causes 有助于;促成,是……的部分原因
2) join with others in giving or supplying (money, help, etc) 捐(款),捐助;(和别人在一起)出力协助
3) increase sth.; add to sth. 增加某事物,添加到某事物中去
Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.
Although he has plenty of money he never contributes to anybody's leaving present at work.
Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject.
saint: a person of a holy and admired way of life, esp one given the title of saint in the Roman Catholic Church after death 圣者;圣徒
He is one of the living saints of Hinduism.
sinner: a person who has done wrong 罪人
We should help sinners.
Para 2 Kenneth Lo, however, expresses a point of view that is profoundly different and typically Chinese, deriving from thousands of years of tradition. The London restaurateur Fu Tong, for example, quotes no less an authority than Confucius (the ancient sage known in Chinese as K'ng-Fu-Tzu) with regard to the primal importance of food. Food, said the sage, is the first happiness. Fu Tong adds: "Food to my countrymen is one of the ecstasies of life, to be thought about in advance; to be smothered with loving care throughout its preparation; and to have time lavished on it in the final pleasure of eating."
然而,肯尼士"罗提出了一种截然不同的观点。这种观点具有典型的中国意味,可谓沿袭了中国数千年的传统。以伦敦的餐馆老板符同为例。关于饮食之重要性,他引用了象孔夫子那样一位权威的说法。圣人云,民以食为天。符同补充到:"对于我的同胞们而言,饮食是生活的一大乐事,事先要考虑策划,准备过程中要倾注心血,然后要花足够的时间体会,最后享用的快乐。
[summary] The writer explains Lo's typical Chinese position and gives us an addition.
1. Kenneth Lo, however, expresses a point of view that is profoundly different and typically Chinese, deriving from thousands of years of tradition.
a point of view: attitude; opinions 态度,看法,观点
This is unacceptable from my point of view on nuclear power.
[idioms]
a point of order: (in formal discussions, e.g., debates) matter of correct procedure according to the rules (正式讨论中,如答辩时)(符合规定的)程序问题
a point of honor / conscience: thing of great importance to one's honor or conscience 关系到荣誉或良心的事
On a point of order, Mr. Chairman, can associate members vote on this matter?
I always pay my debts punctually; it's a point of honor with me.
derive from sth.: to trace sth. from ( a source) 源自;源于
Thousands of English words derive from Latin.
[phrase] derive sth. from sth.: to obtain sth. from sth. 得到;获得;对某事物追本穷源
She derived no benefit from the source of drugs.
We can derive the word ‘derelict' from the Latin ‘derelictus'.
2. The London restaurateur Fu Tong, for example, quotes no less an authority than Confucius (the ancient sage known in Chinese as K'ung-Fu-Tzu) with regard to the primal importance of food. Food, said the sage, is the first happiness.
[paraphrase] For instance, the London manager Fu Tong cites an important authority as Confucius (the ancient sage known in Chinese as K'ung-Fu-Tzu) in relation to the supreme importance food.
restaurateur: n. manager or owner of a restaurant 餐馆的经理或老板
Fu Tong is a restaurateur.
quote: 1) to mention in order to add power to one's own point of view 举例(以增强自己的观点);
2) to repeat in speech or writing the words of another (supposedly powerful) 引用;引述;引证;
3) to give (a price) 开(价),报(价),喊(价)
He quoted the case of the man whose wife went with him to Alaska.
Don't quote me on that!
The value of the pound was quoted regularly.
no less an authority than Confucius: an authority as Confucius 如孔夫子那样的权威
[idiom]
no less a person / a thing than: that very important person/thing 非常重要之人/事
Confucius: 孔子(前551---前479),名丘,字仲尼,生于鲁国陬邑昌平乡(今山东曲埠东城东南),中国春秋末期伟大的思想家和教育家,儒家学派的创始人。中国第一位职业教师,名言有"学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆"、"讷于言而敏于行"、"德不孤,必有邻"。
no less than: as many as, as much as 不少于,多达
We have no less than five acquaintances in this meeting.
We won no less than $500 in a competition.
[idiom] less and less, at a continually decreasing rate 越来越少地
She found the job less and less attractive.
with / in regard to sb. / sth.: in connection with sb. / sth. 关于某人/某物
I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints.
[idiom] as regards sb. / sth.: concerning or connected with sb. / sth. 关于或至于某人/某物
I have little information as regards his past.
primal: adj. first in importance 最重要的,首要的;belonging to, or as if belonging to, original 早期的,原始的
As a producer, he must consider the primal necessity.
Its primal glories will never return.
sage: n. very wise man 圣人,智者
He once consulted the sages of the tribe.
3. Food to my countrymen is one of the ecstasies of life, to be thought in advance; to be smothered with loving care throughout its preparation; and to have time lavished on it in the final pleasure of eating.
ecstasy: (feeling of state) great joy or happiness 狂喜
He went back in an ecstasy of delight.
in advance of sth.: beforehand; ahead in time 预先,事先,事前
The rent must be paid in advance.
to be smothered with loving care throughout its preparation: Great love and care are to be given to the preparation of food.
smother sth. / sb. with / in sth.: to cover sth. / sb., give an excessive amount of sth.以……覆盖/笼罩
The mother smothers his baby with love.
to have time lavished on it in the final pleasure of eating: to spend plenty of time enjoying the food.
lavish sth. on / upon sb. / sth.: give sth. to sb. / sth. abundantly and generously 慷慨而大量的将某物给...
Nowadays many parents lavish care on their only child.
Para 3 Lo observes that when Westerners go to a restaurant they ask for a good table, which means a good position from which to see and be seen. They are usually there to be entertained socially---and also, incidentally, to eat. When the Chinese go to a restaurant, however, they ask for a small room with plain walls where they cannot be seen except by the members of their own party, where jackets can come off and they can proceed with the serious business which brought them there. The Chinese intentions "are both honourable and whole-hearted: to eat with a capital E."
罗注意到,西方人去餐馆,往往会要求一张好的桌子,这所谓"好的桌子"实际上是一个有利地势,既能眼观别人又能引别人注目。他们去那儿通常是为了社交上的娱乐----顺便填饱肚子。而中恩去餐馆则会要求一个素雅朴实的小房间。在那儿,除了共同进餐的同伴,不会有其他人注意到他们。他们可以脱去外套,放心享用美餐。中国人的意图是"既要体面又要尽兴 ── 要的就是吃个痛快。"
[summary] This paragraphs tells us the difference between the West and the Chinese in terms of going to a restaurant.
1. Lo observes that when Westerners go to a restaurant they ask for a good table
observe: to see and notice act 观察,看到; to be in accordance with law or custom 遵守(法律或习俗)
They are observed entering the bank at 8.32.
Does everyone observe the speed limits in your country?
ask for sb. / sth.: to say that one wants to see or speak to sb. or to be given or directed sth. 要求见某人,要某事物,要指点
Yesterday I asked for the manager in the office.
[phrase] ask after sb.: to request information about sb.' health 问候,问安
He always asks after you in his letters.
2. When the Chinese go to a restaurant, however, they ask for a small room with plain walls where they cannot be seen except by the members of their own party, where jackets can come off and they can proceed with the serious business which brought them there.
plain walls: walls unadorned with paintings, pictures, etc
jacket: n. a short coat with sleeves, often the top half of a suit 有袖短上衣,夹克
He wore a brown jacket and grey trousers.
cf. coat anorak
coat: n. an out garment with long sleeves, often fastened at the front with buttons, an usu worn for warmth or protection长袖外套,上衣
anorak: n. a short coat which has a protective hood for the head and which keeps out wind and rain 带风帽的外衣
She was wearing a fur coat.
Her grey anorak was bought last winter.
come off: to become detached or separated from sth 从某物上脱落或分离;to fall from sth.从某物上掉下
A button has come off my coat.
When I tried to learn how to ride on a bicycle, I came off it.
proceed with the serious business: to go on with the serious business of eating
proceed: 1) to begin and continue (some course of action)开始,着手进行;
2)to continue (after stopping) (中断后)继续,接着做;
3) to advance;to move forward or move along a course行进,前进
Now that tour plans are settled let us proceed.
You needn't stop speaking when someone enters the courtroom; please proceed.
After the ceremony at the railway station the minister and his guests proceeded to the palace.
3. The Chinese intentions "are both honourable and whole-hearted: to eat with a capital E."
intention: (an act or result of ) intending, planning, hoping, expecting,, etc to do sth.打算,意图
It wasn't my intention to make you angry.
cf. expectation, expectancy, anticipation, plan
expectation: [often formal and pompous] the act of expecting预料,预想,期望
expectancy: the state of expecting期待,期望
anticipation: the act of anticipating预期,预料,期待
plan: a (carefully considered) way of preparing (sth. or for sth.) in advance计划,安排
It's our expectation that you will do well.
There was a look of expectancy on their faces when he came in.
Our anticipation of competitors meant greater sales for our book.
If you have no plans for tomorrow night perhaps you'd like to come out with me?
to eat with a capital E: to perform the ceremonious act of eating, i.e., to eat really seriously
Para 4 Despite such a marked difference in attitudes towards what one consumes, there is no doubt that people in the West have come to regard the cuisine of China as something special. In fact, one can assert with some justice that Chinese food is, nowadays, the only truly international food. It is ubiquitous. Restaurants bedecked with dragons and delicate landscapes ---serving such exotic as Dim Sin Gai (sweet and sour chicken), and Shao Shing soup, Chiao-Tzu and Kuo-Tioh (northern style), and Ging Ai Kwar (steamed aubergines) ----have sprung up everywhere from Hong Kong to Honolulu to Hoboken to Huddersfield.
尽管双方在消费的态度上存在很明显的差异,无庸置疑的是,西方人已经把中国的烹饪视为奇观。事实上,公正地评断,中国的食品已成为当今唯一真正意义上的国际性食品。它无所不在。餐馆里装饰着龙的图案和优美的风景画异国风味的食品,如酸甜鸡、绍兴汤、饺子、锅贴以及蒸茄子 从到檀香山到霍博肯到哈得斯菲尔德,随处可见。
[summary] Chinese food has become the only truly international food.
1. Despite such a marked difference in attitudes towards what one consumes, there is no doubt that people in the West have come to regard the cuisine of China as something special.
despite: [formal] in spite of 虽然,尽管……仍,不顾
Despite being poor, they are honest.
cf. despite although
despite 和although虽都可作"尽管"解,但它们属于不同的词类,前者是介词,后面应接一个宾语。有despite组成的介词短语在句中作让步状语。
We had quite an enjoyable holiday despite the weather.
Although可以作连词,用来引导让步状语从句。例如:
Although he did his best, he did not finish it in time.
由despite组成的介词短语或由although引导的让步状语从句有时可表达同样的意思,但在用法和结构上是不一样的。例如:
Despite his old age, he is quite active.
Although (he is) quite old, he is very active.
Despite his seasickness, he still ate a lot.
Although (he was) seasick, he still ate a lot.
marked: clear; noticeable; easily seen清楚的,明显的,易见的
There is a marked improvement in working conditions.
markedly: noticeably清楚地,显著地
He was markedly more pleasant than before.
attitude to / towards sb. / sth.: way of thinking or behaving 看法,态度
She shows a very positive attitude to her work.
consume: 1) to use sth. up 用尽,消耗,花费(某事物)
2) to destroy sb. / sth. by fire, decay, etc. (因火烧,衰败等)毁掉某人/某物
The car consumes a lot of fuel.
The fire quickly consumed the wooden hut.
doubt that / about sth.: (used after negatives to emphasize conviction) to reason for not believing sth.不相信
There's not much doubt about it.
I have no doubt that you will succeed.
[idioms]
beyond all (possible) doubt: certainly 无疑地
in doubt: uncertain, undecided 不肯定的,不确定的
without doubt /no doubt: certain 无疑地
She is beyond all doubt the finest ballerina of her day.
Their acceptance of the contract is still in doubt.
cuisine: n. [French] (style of ) cooking 烹饪(风味)
I like French, Italian, etc cuisine.
2. In fact, one can assert with some justice that Chinese food is, nowadays, the only truly international food. It is ubiquitous.
in fact: in truth, really 事实上,实际上,其实
For eight years she was in fact spying for the enemy.
assert: to state sth. clearly and forcefully as the truth 声称,断言
She asserted her innocence.
[idiom] assert oneself: behave in a confident manner that attracts attention and respect 表现出自信而受到注意和尊重
You're timid----you must try to assert yourself more.
ubiquitous:(esp attributive尤作定语)(seeming to be) present everywhere or in several places at the same time (似乎)普遍存在的,无处不有的
Is there no escape from the ubiquitous cigarette smoke in restaurants?
3. Restaurants bedecked with dragons and delicate landscapes ---- serving such exotic as Dim Sin Gai (sweet and sour chicken), ... have sprung up everywhere from Hong Kong to Honolulu to Hoboken to Huddersfield.
bedeck sth. / sb. with sth.: to adorn or decorate sth. / sb.装饰,打扮某人/某物
Yesterday streets were bedecked with colorful flags to signify an important meeting held in the university.
dragon: imaginary animal with wings and claws, able to breather out of fire 龙
Chinese people often use dragon to describe the expectations of their children.
delicate: fine, exquisite 景致的,优美的,精巧的
Mr. Smith presented me a delicate mechanism.
landscape: n. picture showing a view of the countryside 风景画
My teacher likes beautiful landscapes.
[idiom] a blot on the landscape: object ( esp an ugly building) that spoils the beauty of a place 损害美好景色的物体(尤指不雅观的建筑物)
The new factory is a blot on the landscape.
spring up: to appear, develop, grow, etc quickly or suddenly 迅速地或突然地出现、发展、生长等
New houses were springing up all over the town.
[phrases]
spring back: to return suddenly to its previous or usual position, having been pushed, bent, etc(被推、折弯等后)弹回到原来的位置
spring from sth.: to have sth as a source or origin; originate from sth.发源于某事物,出身于; to appear suddenly or unexpectedly from ( a place)从(某处)突然地或意外地出现
spring sth. on sb.: to put forward 向某人突然说出或提出某事物(令人惊奇或猝不及防)
The branch sprang back and hit me in the face.
He sprang from peasant stock.
I hate to spring this on you at such short notice.
Honolulu: a city 檀香山
Hoboken: a city in the eastern part of the USA 霍博肯
Huddersfield: a town near Leeds, Bradford and Manchester in the UK)
Para 5 How did this come about? Certainly, a kind of Chinese food was exported to North America when many thousands of Chinese went there in the 19th century to work on such things as the U.S. railways. They settled on or near the west coast, where the famous or infamous "chop suey joints" grew up, with their rather inferior brand of Chinese cooking. The standard of the restaurants improved steadily in the United States, but Lo considers that the crucial factor in spreading this kind of food throughout the Western world was population pressure in the British colony of Hong Kong, especially after 1950, which sent families out all over the world to seek their fortunes in the opening of restaurants. He adds, however, that this could not have happened if the world had not been interested in what the Hong Kong Chinese had to cook and sell. He detects an increased interest in sensuality in the Western world: "Colour, texture, movement, food, drink, and rock music ---all these have become much more part and parcel of the average person's life than they have ever been. It is this increased sensuality and the desire for greater freedom from age-bound habits in the West, combined with the inherent sensual concept of Chinese food, always quick to satisfy the taste buds, that is at the root of the sudden and phenomenal spread of Chinese food throughout the length and breadth of the Western World."
原因何在呢?毫无疑问,早在19世纪,许许多多的中国人到美国修建铁路的时候就把中国食品带到了北美洲。他们居住在西海岸或者附近的地方,那儿产生了著名的或者说是臭名远洋的 "炒杂烩菜",当时它还带有相当低劣的中国烹饪烙印。后来在美国,餐馆规格稳步发展,但是罗认为,这种食品之所以能够传遍西方世界,英属殖民地的人口压力是致关重要的原因,尤其是在1950年之后,许多人举家迁往世界各地,并通过开餐馆来找出路。然而,他补充说,如果世界上的人对的中国人烹饪和出售的食品不感兴趣的话,就不可能出现今天的景象。他注意到西方世界日益沉湎于口腹声色之乐:"色彩、质地、运动、食物饮料以及摇滚乐所有这些在人们的日常生活中都变得前所未有的重要。西方这种对感官享受的要求以及对打破年龄的饮食习惯的渴求都日益增长。正是这种日益增长的要求和渴求与传统的中式饮食观念相结合,使得食客能在很短时间内享受到味觉上的满足。正基于此,中国饮食才会传遍整个西方世界。"
[summary] The Chinese food owes its popularity to three reasons: the migration of Hong Kong Chinese to other parts of the world to open restaurants in the 50s; the increased interest in sensuality in the Western world and the desire for greater freedom; and the inherent sensual quality of Chinese food, which is always quick to satisfy the taste buds.
1. How did this come about?
come about: to happen 发生
Can you tell me how the accident came about?
[phrases]
come across sb. / sth.: to meet sb. / sth. by chance 偶然碰见
come after sb.: to chase or pursue sb. 追赶或追逐某人
come between sb. and sb.: to interfere with or harm a relationship between two people 干预或损害两人之间的关系
I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
The farmer came after the intruders with a big stick.
It's not a good idea to come between a man and his wife.
2. Certainly, a kind of Chinese food was exported to North American when many thousands of Chinese went there in the 19th century to the work on such things as the U.S. railways.
[paraphrase] Many Chinese emigrated to America (especially to the western part of the USA) in the 19th century to work on railway construction jobs and they brought with them some kind of Chinese food.
export: to send (goods) to another country for sale 输出,出口
This company has a large home market but doesn't export.
such sth. as / that:
1)(referring forward) of the specified kind 下述一类的;(像后面提及的)那样的,这样的,如此的;
2)to the specified degree (of importance, worth, etc) (重要性、价值等)达到(后面提及的)那种程度的
Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry.
He showed such concern that people took him to be a relative.
3. They settled on or near the west coast, where the famous---- or infamous----"chop suey joints" grew up, with their rather inferior brand of Chinese cooking.
cf. coast shore bank beach seaside
coast and shore both indicate land lying beside large areas of water.
Coast suggests the limits of an ocean or a sea, or a narrow or wide strip of land next to the water.
Shore suggests the limits of a lake or sea, or a narrow strip of land next to the water. e.g.They camped on the shore of Lake Bala.
The land at the edge of a river or stream is a bank.
We live on the coast.
The beach is usually the sloping part of the shore often covered by the sea at high tide. e.g.The beach was crowded with sunbathers.
The seaside is a coastal area where people go on holiday. e.g.We're spending August at the seaside.
[word-formation] in / im- / ir- / il- + adj. = adj.: not 不,无
infamous: 恶名昭彰的;的
infinite: 无穷的,无限的
immoral: 不道德的,的
impossible: 不可能的
irrelevant: 不相关的,不切题的
irrational: 无理性的
illicit: 非法的,被禁止的
illimitable: 无边际的,无限的
chop suey joints: small restaurants serving a Chinese-style dish of meat stewed and fried with bean sprouts, bamboo shoots, onions, and served with rice.
joint: [slang] a cheap restaurant or night club (usually in poor condition) (贬义,俚) 酒吧、俱乐部等
grow up: 1) to develop 发展;
2) (of people or animals) to reach the stage of full development; become adult or mature (指人或动物)长大;成年; 成熟
A close friendship gradually grew up between them.
Five years of absence, he has grown up.
4. The standard of the restaurants improved steadily in the United States, but Lo considers that the crucial factor in spreading this kind of food throughout the Western world was population pressure in the British colony of Hong Kong, especially after 1950, which sent families out all over the world to seek their fortunes in the opening of restaurants.
improve: v. (cause sth. to) to become better (使某事物)改进,改善
His work is improving slowly.
improve on / upon sth.: achieve or produce sth. of a better standard or quality than sth. else 改进或生产
The German girl improved in her previous best performance in the 100 metres.
crucial to / for sth.: very important, decisive 至关重要的,关键性的
Getting this contract is crucial to the future of our company.
seek one's fortune: to try to find a way to become rich and successful 寻找致富及成功之道
There're always some people who failed to seek in their fortune.
5. He detects an increased interest in sensuality in the Western world: ...all these have become much more part and parcel of the average person's life than they have ever been.
[paraphrase] He noticed that the interest in love of sensual pleasure was increasing in the Western world: ... sensual pleasures ( colours, texture, movement, food, drink, rock music) have become an important part of people's lives in the West.
detect: to discover, to notice 发现,注意
The dentist could detect no sigh of decay in her teeth.
part and parcel of: an essential part of ……的主要部分
Reading a poem is part and parcel of my everyday life.
6. It is this increased sensuality and the desire for greater freedom from age-bound habits in the West, combined with the inherent sensual concept of Chinese food, always quick to satisfy the taste buds, that is at the root of the sudden and phenomenal spread of Chinese food throughout the length and breadth of the Western World.
desire: n. strong longing 欲望,渴望
He has no much desire for health.
quick to satisfy the taste buds: (Chinese cooks are always) ready to satisfy people's desire for tasty food
taste buds: small points on the surface of one's tongue, sensitive to the flavor of food or drink
phenomenal spread: incredible widespread, spread to a very large area
the length and breadth of sth.: in or to all parts of sth. 到处,处处
This autumn they want to travel the length and breadth of the British.
烧饼 baked pancakes 油条 fried bread stick
锅贴 fried dumplings 水饺 boiled dumplings
蒸饺 steamed dumplings 馒头 steamed buns
肉包 meat stuffed buns 菜包 vegetable stuffed buns
汤圆 stuffed rice dumplings 饭团 rice and vegetable roll
蛋饼 egg cakes 咸鸭蛋 salted duck egg
豆浆 soybean milk 稀饭 rice porridge
炒饭 fried rice 米粉 rice noodles
麻团 sesame balls 馄饨 wonton
炒面 chow mein, fried noodles 粽子 glutinous rice dumplings
互动记单词。
Peking Roast Duck 北京烤鸭
Braised pork 红烧肉
“生活中很少有什么东西象食物这样真切实在,或者说那么彻底的为个人接纳吸收。一个人可能在听音乐,但是音乐可以从一只耳朵进从另一只耳朵出;一个人可以在听讲座时胡思乱想;一个人可以在料理生意上的事务而他的心思和兴趣另有所属…….。而在吃饭就餐时,一个人几乎不可能长时间的对自己正在做的事完全无动于衷。一个人怎么能对即将进入身体并成为身体一部分的东西保持绝对的无动于衷呢?一个人怎么能对即将决定自己体力以及最终决定自己的精神和道德品质以及幸福安康的东西无动于衷呢?
——肯尼斯·洛
This is an easy question for a Chinese to ask, but a Westerner might find it difficult to answer. Many people in the West are gourmets and others are gluttons, but scattered among them also is a large number of people who are apparently pretty indifferent to what goes into their stomachs, and do not regard food as having any ultimate moral effect on them. How, they might ask, could eating a hamburger or drinking Coca Cola contribute anything to making you a saint or a sinner? For them, food is quite simply a fuel.
这是一个中国人常问的问题,而西方人却很难作答。在西方,很多人都是美食家,还有其他一些是暴饮暴食者,而混杂于这两者中间的还有一种对吃进肚子的食物漠不关心的。这些人也许会问,吃一个汉堡,喝点可口可乐就会变成圣人或罪人?对于他们来说,食物就是一种能量。
Kenneth Lo, however, expresses a point of view that is profoundly different and typically Chinese, deriving from thousands of years of tradition. The London restaurateur Fu Tong, for example, quotes no less an authority than Confucius (the ancient Sage known in Chinese as K'ung-Fu-Tzu) with regard to the primal importance of food. Food, said the sage, is the first happiness. Fu Tong adds: "Food to my countrymen is one of the ecstasies of life, to be thought about in advance; to be smothered with loving care throughout its preparation; and to have time lavished on it in the final pleasure of eating."
肯尼斯·洛认却表达了一种截然不同的,典型的中国化的观点。这种观点源于从几千年中国文化。例如,一家伦敦餐馆的董福就引用了如同孔夫子(中国人陈这位古代圣人为孔夫子)的权威人士的话。圣者言,食乃是人生最大的幸福。董福还说:“食物对中国人来说是生活中的一大乐事,需要预先准备,需要精心烹饪,还要肯花时间去享受吃得乐趣。”
Lo observes that when Westerners go to a restaurant they ask for a good table, which means a good position from which to see and be seen. They are usually there to be entertained socially -- and also, incidentally, to eat. When the Chinese go to a restaurant, however, they ask for a small room with plain walls where they cannot be seen except by the members of their own party, where jackets can come off and they can proceed with the serious business which brought them there. The Chinese intentions "are both honourable and whole-hearted: to eat with a capital E."
洛发现西方人进餐馆时都会要个不错的桌位,也就是自己可以看到他人,他人也可以看到你的好位子。他们去那里通常只是一种社交娱乐,同进附带着吃些什么。但中国人却不一样,他会选一个除了聚会成员谁都看不到的地方,这样他们可以很随便的脱掉外套,可以开始这件严肃的事情--吃饭,那才是他们来这的目的。中国人的意图“是高尚的,是全心全意的, 即吃饭是头等大事。”
Despite such a marked difference in attitudes towards what one consumes, there is no doubt that people in the West have come to regard the cuisine of China as something special. In fact, one can assert with some justice that Chinese food is, nowadays, the only truly international food. It is ubiquitous. Restaurants bedecked with dragons and delicate landscapes -- serving Such exotic as Dim Sin Gai (sweet and sour chicken), and Shao Shing soup, Chiao-Tzu and Kuo-Tioh (northern style), and Ging Ai Kwar (steamed aubergines) -- have sprung up everywhere from Hong Kong to Honolulu to Hoboken to Huddersfield.
尽管对于吃什么的态度很不一样,但勿庸疑置疑的是,西方人已经开始承认中国饮食的与众不同。实际上,他们可以很公正地断言,中餐是当今世界唯一真正意义上的国际饮食,它无处不在。从到火奴鲁鲁,从呼伯肯到韩兹弗尔德,随处看见刻有龙腾的图案和精致风景画的中式餐厅,经营者各种异国风味的糖醋鸡、绍兴汤、烧酒、锅贴(北方味)、和清蒸茄子等。
How did this come about? Certainly, a kind of Chinese food was exported to North America when many thousands of Chinese went there in the 19th century to work on such things as the U.S. railways. They settled on or near the west coast, where the famous or infamous "chop suey joints" grew up, with their rather inferior brand of Chinese cooking. The standard of the restaurants improved steadily in the United States, but Lo considers that the crucial factor in spreading this kind of food throughout the Western world was population pressure in the British colony of Hong Kong, especially after 1950, which sent families out all over the world to seek their fortunes in the opening of restaurants. He adds,, however, that this could not have happened if the world had not been interested in what the Hong Kong Chinese had to cook and sell. He detects an increased interest in sensuality in the Western world: "Colour, texture, movement, food, drink, and rock music all these have become much more part and parcel of the average person's life than they have ever been. It is this increased sensuality and the desire for greater freedom from age-bound habits in the West, combined with the inherent sensual concept of Chinese food, always quick to satisfy the taste buds, that is at the root of the sudden and phenomenal spread of Chinese food throughout the length and breadth of the Western World."
这是怎么回事呢?十九世纪成千上万的工人去美国去做诸如修建铁路之事时,食物也随之传到了北美。他们在美国西海岸或靠近西海岸的地方定居,在那里知名的、不知名的“杂烩店”开始风靡起来,经营的都是些低档次的中国菜。在美国,这些餐馆的档次在稳步提高。但洛认为促使中餐在西方世界流行起来的关键因素在于英国殖民地——的巨大人口压力。特别是20世纪50年代以后,许多家庭都想到世界各地开餐管赚钱。他还说,如果世界对华人的烹饪和经营不感兴趣的话,也不可能发生这样的事情。他发现西方人越来越重视感观上的享受:色泽、质地、运动、食物,饮料以及摇滚乐,这些都成为大部分人生活中的重要组成部分。由于西方人这种与日俱增的感官享乐主义,与打破旧习获取更多自由的渴望,在加上中国饮食所固有的感知理念,很容易满足人的味觉,才使得中国饮食在全世界各地发展得如此迅速。
There is no doubt that the traditional high-quality Chinese meal is a serious matter, fastidiously prepared and fastidiously enjoyed. Indeed, the bringing together and initial cutting up and organising of the materials is about 90% of the actual preparation, the cooking itself being only about 10%. This 10% is not, however a simple matter. There are many possibilities to choose from; Kenneth Lo, for example, lists forty methods available for the heating of food, from chu or the art of boiling to such others as ts 'ang, a kind of stir-frying and braising, t'a, deep-frying in batter, and wei, burying food in hot solids such as charcoal, heated stones, sand, salt and lime.
毫无疑问,一顿高质量的中餐是一件严肃的事情,制作考究,品位上乘。事实上,原材料的粗加工,拼摆,以及搭配约占实际准备过程的90%,而烹饪本身只占10%。但就那10%的过程也非易事,有各种方法可供选择。例如,洛就列举了40种食物烹饪的方法,从煮到煮沸的艺术到其它的方法如酱,一种炒加炖的方法;炸,(把食物放在)在牛油里在炸;还有煨,把食物埋在火热的固体如木炭、石头、沙子、盐或石灰下的煨熟。
The preparation is detailed, and the enjoyment must therefore match it. Thus a proper Chinese meal can last for hours and proceed almost like a religious ceremony. It is a shared experience for the participants, not a lonely chore, with its procession of planned and carefully contrived dishes, some elements designed to blend, others to contrast. Meat and fish, solids and soups, sweet and sour sauces, crisp and smooth textures, fresh and dried vegetables -- all these and more challenge the palate with their appropriate charms.
准备工作十分详细,而美餐的享用自然也应与之匹配。因此吃一顿真正的中餐可能要好几个小时,其过程就像一次宗教仪式。它需要从那与这共同分享,而非各自份额任务,因为有一系列经认真策划、精心设计的菜肴,其中一些成分是用于调味,另一些则用于衬托。肉类、鱼类、炒菜、汤菜、酸汤甜汁、吹生生滑溜溜之物,鲜菜、干菜---所有这些以及其他,他们各局特色都在调我们的胃口。
In a Chinese meal that has not been altered to conform to Western ideas of eating, everything is presented as a kind of buffet, the guest eating a little of this. a little of that. Individual portions as such are not provided. A properly planned dinner will include at least one fowl, one fish and one meat dish, and their presentation with appropriate vegetables is not just a matter of taste but also a question of harmonious colours. The eye must be pleased as well as the palate; if not, then a certain essentially Chinese element is missing, an element that links this cuisine with that most typical and yet elusive concept Tao.
在一次为首西方饮食思潮影响的中餐中,所有食品摆在餐桌上,犹如一种自助餐。宾客们可吃点这个,吃点那个。担任份饭是不会提供的。搭配合理的一餐至少应该包括一道鸡,一道鱼,和一道肉,而他们与适当的蔬菜搭配摆出也并非仅是味道的问题,也是要色泽搭配问题,味觉要满足,视觉也是如此。否则,一种本质上中国特色的东西,也就是是中华美食与那典型而林人难以琢磨的道家观念相联系的因素也就消失了。
Emily Hahn, an American who has lived and worked in China, 'has a great appreciation both of Chinese cooking and the "way" that leads to morality and harmony. She insists that "there is moral excellence in good cooking", and adds that to the Chinese, traditionally, all life. all action and all knowledge are one. They may be chopped up and given parts with labels, such as "Cooking". "Health", "Character" and the like. but none is in reality separate from the other. The smooth harmonies and piquant contrasts in Chinese food are more than just the products of recipes and personal enterprise. They are an expression of basic assumptions about life itself.
艾米莉·汉,一个曾在中国生活和工作过的美国人,她十分欣赏中国烹饪和体现的道德与和谐的方式。她认为好的烹饪反映一种美德,而且她还认为,在中国人们的传统生活中,每个人的行为与知识都能达到一种合谐。他们虽可以被切割开来,分成部分,贴上标签,如“饮食”、“健康”及“特色”等等,但是实际上,没有一种能与其相分离。中国饮食中这种水**融和令人垂涎的相互衬映并不只是烹饪食物和个人生意的产物。它们是对生活本身的一种诠释。
我觉得这句话还有点不清楚It is a shared experience for the participants, not a lonely chore, with its procession of planned and carefully contrived dishes, some elements designed to blend, others to contrast.
这是一种经验的分享,而不是一个单独的步骤。这些菜肴的制作经历了一系列经认真的策划和精心的设计,其中的一部分设计元素是为了与菜肴融合,起到调味的作用,而另一部分(设计)则是为了起到衬托的作用。
