
Topic2: Make a dialogue.
China Food Culture
As a country that pays great attention to courtesy, our cuisine culture is deep rooted in China's history. As a visitor or guest in either a Chinese home or restaurant you will find that table manners are essential and the distinctive courtesies displayed will invariably add to the enjoyment of your meals and keep you in high spirits!
Respect First
It is really an admirable custom to respect others at the table, including the aged, teachers and guests while taking good care of children.
Chinese people stress filial piety all the time. The practice of presenting the best or fine food first to the senior members of the family has been observed for countless generations. In ancient times the common people led a needy life but they still tried their best to support the elder mother or father.
Although the hosts in China are all friendly and hospitable, you should also show them respect. Before starting to eat dinner, the host may offer some words of greeting. Guests should not start to eat until the host says, 'Please enjoy yourself' or something like that, otherwise it suggests disrespect and causes displeasure.
When hosts place dishes on the table, they will arrange the main courses at the center with the supporting dishes evenly placed around them.
On Chopsticks
China is the hometown of chopsticks. The culture of chopsticks has a long history in China. The tradition of using chopsticks was introduced to many other countries in the world such as Vietnam, North Korea and South Korea.
The invention of chopsticks reflects the wisdom of Chinese ancient people. A pair of chopsticks, though they look simple, can nip, pick, rip and stir food. Nowadays, chopsticks are considered to be lucky gifts for marriage and other important ceremonies.
At Important Moments
To celebrate the birthday is important moment in one's life. When one is young, usually he will eat noodles before his birthday, because the long noodles indicate the longevity in China, and birthday cake on the actual day. After middle age, his birthday will grander. In addition to the above, peaches in many forms will be added symbolizing the longevity and immortality, as well as delightful couplets and candles.
On the wedding day, it is also customary to serve Chinese dates, peanuts, longan(龙眼,桂圆) and chestnuts together as wish that the couple will soon have a baby in accord with the Chinese proclamation.
During the Dragon Boat Festival, though many people cannot reach the river zone to watch the boat race, almost all of them eat the unique food -zongzi, a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves. The festival on that day it is to venerate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan and the people fearing his lack of food, made the special meal for him. Now the food is made in various shapes and sorts.
On the eighth day of the last month in the Chinese lunar calendar, people will enjoy a nourishing porridge called 'La Ba Zhou'. In ancient times, monks would kindly share all sorts of food grains with people and made them flavorful porridge on this particular day. People still keep this convention.
In addition to these, fish has always been used to suggest the accumulation of prosperity and wealth with meals on New Year's Eve.
The differences between Chinese food and West food
With the development of opening-up policy, western food enters to our daily life day by day and Chinese food goes global step by step. There is a tendency of food combination between Chinese food and western food. However, as different nations have different culture and life styles, Chinese food and western food differ in four aspects as follows.
In China, we prefer noodles, rice, jiaozi as the main course. We like cooking a lot of delicious dishes, then we set up the tables, put the dishes on the tables, sit together, and taste the dishes together, we don’t eat with individual plates, when we eating ,we like chatting and laughing, we think it’s warm and happy to eat this way; But in England or other west countries, people like eating hamburgers, chips, pizza, pasta as their main course, they eat them with vegetable salad, they eat with drinking (water or juice),and they eat with separate plates. In China, we become full up when we finish all the food, then we don’t eat anything, but in west countries, people eat desserts after they finish their meals.
The first difference seems to be food contents. In China, we always make the cereal as the main food. Chinese food contains fruit, green vegetable, Jiaozi, noodles, spring rolls and so on. On the contrary, the westerner’s ancestors are going in for animals’ husbandry. Therefore, their food is meat and milk. Roast beef, beef stew, pork chop, fried chicken, eggs, are the food, which they usually eat. For example, to many people, American food means hamburgers, hot dogs, fired chicken, and pizza.
The second difference seems to be food culture. In China, when we are eating, people should sit around the table, so we always eat together. “Chinese consider that diet not only a target of tasting and enjoying but also an intermediary of people communicates the emotion.” But in western country also conclude England and USA, they pursue to eat separate dishes. After they are eating one dish then they could eat anther one. Therefore, they never eat like that many different kind dishes on one table.
The third difference seems to be food etiquette. The ways people eat, that is, the table manner, really distinguish a lot. The reason for this is probably because of the different dining tools and menus. In China,we use bowls to have rice and soup and use thin and long chopsticks to send food to mouths. While the etiquette in the West requests that when eating, bowls and plates cannot leave the tables. Food should be cut by knives to fit into the mouths. Of course your mouth cannot touch the plates or bowls.
1. Chewing with Your Mouth Open 张开嘴咀嚼食物
This is the opposite of western culture. The Chinese appreciate that you make noise while eating. Westerners feel this is disgusting and shows a complete lack of manners. Chew with your mouth shut!
这与西方文化相反。中国人喜欢在咀嚼食物的时候发出声响。西方人认为这种行为极为讨厌,是缺乏礼貌的表现。嚼东西的时候要闭上嘴巴!
2. Speaking with Your Mouth Full 说话时满嘴食物
This is considered quite rude when at the dinner table. Western children are taught from a very early age never to do this.
在餐桌上,这被认为是非常粗鲁的行为。西方人从小就受教导不这样做。
3. Picking/Sucking Teeth 剔牙/吮牙
It is considered rude to pick between your teeth where others can see you. Western restaurants usually do not supply toothpicks, so it is sometimes hard to decide when to remove food stuck between the teeth. It is usually best to excuse yourself and go to the bathroom.
当着他人的面剔牙是很不礼貌的。西餐厅通常不提供牙签,所以有时候很难决定什么时候该剔牙。当确实需要清理牙缝间的食物时,最好是上洗手间。
4. Elbows on the Table手肘支在桌上
While eating you should be sitting up straight. Do not put your elbows on the table. Putting your elbows on the table will make you look like a farmer.
用餐时应该身体坐直,手肘不要支在餐桌上。把手肘放在桌子上会让你看起来像个农民。
5. Spitting Food (Bones, Skin, etc.) Out of Your Mouth直接从嘴里吐出食物(骨头、壳等)
This is not done in Western restaurants. If you do need to take something out of your mouth, bring your napkin up to your mouth and place the item in it.
在西方的餐厅里你是见不到这一幕的。真要吐出食物的话,应该把纸巾拿到嘴边,吐在纸巾上。
6. Picking Up Your Plate or Bowl 端起碗碟
They think that only children do this. Don't lean over and slurp from the plate on the table either. Food must be transported from the dish to your mouth with a fork or a spoon. If you're nervous about using a knife and fork, buy a set and practice at home until you feel comfortable.
西方人觉得这是小孩子才会有的举动。也不要把嘴放在碗边直接吸取食物。要用勺子或叉子把食物送进嘴里。如果你不习惯用刀叉,那就买一套放在家里练习如何使用,直到运用自如。
7. Speaking Loudly大声讲话
All Westerners try to keep the conversation to their own table. If the whole restaurant can hear you, you are speaking too loudly and it will be considered rude. In fact, some westerners find it difficult to do business in Chinese restaurants because the noise level is just too high.
用餐时,西方人会把音量控制在饭桌以内。如果整个餐厅都能听到你说话,那你的声音就太大了,这是很失礼的。实际上,一些西方人认为在中国的餐馆里谈生意是件很困难的事,因为噪音太大了。
8. Passing Gas/Belching/Burping 放屁和打嗝
This is considered rude in any situation. If you do need to pass gas, excuse yourself and go to the bathroom. Of course sometimes this is out of your control. If you accidentally pass gas loudly in front of others, you need to say, "excuse me" and quickly start talking about something to distract the people around you. DO NOT discuss any details about your gas, or any bodily function at the table!
在任何场合下放屁或打嗝都是不雅的。如果确定需要的话,要上洗手间解决。当然也有失控的时候。如果不小心当众放了响屁,要说“对不起”,而且要很快转移话题。千万不要大谈特谈“人之气”,也不要在餐桌上谈论任何与身体器官有关的内容。
9. Cleaning Ears with Fingernails用指甲挖耳孔
This is not done in public. It shouldn't be done in private either! It's dangerous. Use a cotton swab!
千万不要在大庭广众下用指甲挖耳。在没有人的地方也不要这样做!用指甲挖很危险,最好用棉签!
10. Smoking吸烟
While others are still eating or even when everyone has finished eating, it is polite to ask their permission to smoke at the table. In many western restaurants, you will be asked if you prefer to be seated in the smoking or non-smoking section. If your host chooses the non-smoking section, you will have to excuse yourself from the table to smoke.
当其他的人还没有吃完,或者就算所有的人都用完餐了,如果要吸烟的话,要礼貌地征得大家的许可。在很多西餐厅里你会被问到是愿意在吸烟区还是非吸烟区就餐。如果主人选择了非吸烟区,那你想吸烟时就要征得同桌人的同意到外面去。
Here is a story about Li Hongzhang who was invited by Bismarck to a diner. Due to a lack of the Western etiquette knowledge, he drank the water which was used to wash hands after eating the fruit. Then Bismarck did not understand Chinese customer, in order not to make Li Hongzhang lose his face, he drank the water too. Other officers also followed him and refrained from laughing.
The last difference seems to be the nutrition of food. When the westerners introduce the diet characteristics of their countries, they always feel that their diet is more reasonable on the mix of nutrition than China. The food industry is more developed, such as cans, fast food, although the taste is monotonous, but it saves time, and it also has good nutrition. Therefore, in their countries: people are generally healthier and taller than Chinese, and the people have strong shoulders and developed muscles; but Chinese people look short, their shoulders narrow and legs thin, their skin yellow and their body weak. In china, we think the Chinese food is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It contains a lot of fruit and green vegetables. It is rich in fiber and low in sugar and fat. In contrast, people in the Western world eat too much fat and sugar and don’t take enough exercise. Because of this, they put on weight very easily. Many people in the Western countries are fat.
There still exist various differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures. But with the development of cultural communication between China and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, China has imported various kinds of western food, known as the "KFC" "DICOS", "McDonald". This makes a new western dietary culture exchanges. We believe that with the development of society, the cultural differences between Chinese and western dietary will be narrow
