
学习是⼀架保持平衡的天平,⼀边是付出,⼀边是收获,少付出少收获,多付出多收获,不劳必定⽆获!要想取得理想的成绩,勤奋⾄关重要!只有勤奋学习,才能成就美好⼈⽣!勤奋出天才,这是⼀⾯永不褪⾊的旗帜,它永远激励我们不断追求、不断探索。有书好好读,有书赶快读,读书的时间不多。只要我们刻苦拼搏、⼀⼼向上,就⼀定能取得令⼈满意的成绩。接下来是⼩编为⼤家整理的初⼀英语语法知识点总结归纳,希望⼤家喜欢!
初⼀英语语法知识点总结归纳⼀
【陈述句】
1、概念:说明⼀个事实或是陈述说话⼈的看法的句⼦,句末⽤句号。
2、分类:陈述句根据其语法结构,可⼤体分为―主语+谓语‖和―主语+连系动词+表语‖两种;⽽从语⽓的⾓度分,⼜可分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句
(1)“主语+谓语”结构
①肯定陈述句
I like that book.我喜欢那本书。(陈述⼀个事实)
I really agree.我确实同意。(陈述⼀个观点)
②否定陈述句
I did not buy the TV.我没有买那个电视。(陈述⼀个事实)
(2)主语+连系动词+表语结构
①肯定陈述名
The film is boring . 这部电影没意思。(陈述观点)
②否定陈述句
Smoking is not good for your health.抽烟对你的健康没有好处。(陈述⼀个事实)
3、陈述句的否定结构:
陈述句的否定式主要⽤两种结构来表达:
(1)句⼦的谓语动词为be , have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时,其否定结构为:主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词 + not + 其他成分
I am not a teacher. 我不是⽼师。
We have not (haven`t) any books on animals. 我们没有任何有关动物⽅⾯的书。
The children are not (aren`t) playing in the playground. 孩⼦们没在操场上玩。
He will not (won`t) come. 他不会来。
We must not (mustn`t) forget the past. 我们不能忘记过去。
It could not (couldn`t) be lost. 它不可能丢的。
(2) 当句⼦的谓语动词是do (即⾏为动词),⽽且没有助动词或情态动词时,其否定结构为:主语+do (does,did) + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分
You do not (don`t) come here every day . 你没有每天都来这⾥。
He does not (doesn`t) teach this class . 他不教这个班。
They did not(didn`t) watch TV last night . 昨晚他们没看电视。
注意:陈述句的语调⼀般⽤降调。但在表⽰疑问的语⽓时,⽤升调,在书⾯上要⽤问号来表⽰。
You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去⾹港吗? 这句话表⽰的是⼀种疑问,只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语⽓来表达的
【疑问句】
疑问句是⽤来提出疑问的句⼦,句末⽤问号―?‖。常考的疑问句有四类,即:⼀般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。
第⼀节⼀般疑问句
⼀般疑问句通常需要⽤yes 或no 来回答,所以⼜叫做―是⾮疑问句‖。在读这种句⼦时要⽤升调。⼀般疑问句主要有以下⼏种类型:
1、―be + 主语 + 表语‖结构
— Are you sleepy ? 你困了吗?
— Yes, I am . 是的,我困了。
3、―情态动词 + 主语⾔+ ⾏为动词(或be)‖结构
— May/Can I use the telephone? 我能⽤这部电话吗?
— Yes, you can. 是的,可以。
5、―助动词(do, does, did)+ 主语 + ⾏为动词‖结构
— Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜欢夏天游泳吗?
— No, I don`t . 不,我不喜欢。
难点提⽰
回答否定性⼀般疑问句时,要在Yes 后⾯⽤肯定结构,表⽰肯定;在No 后⾯⽤否定结构,表⽰否定。注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在回答的时候,只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通⼀般疑问句看待就可以了。注意下⾯例句的回答和它的意思。
— Is he not your elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥吗?
—Yes, he is . 不,他是(我的哥哥)。No, he is not. 是的,他不是(我的哥哥)。 — Isn`t she very clever? 她难道不是很聪明吗?
— Yes, she is. 不,她很聪明。 — No, she is not . 是,她不聪明。
第⼆节特殊疑问句
⼀、特殊疑问句是⽤来提出来特定问题的疑问句,要求听到问题的⼈针对特定情况来做具体的回答,不能像⼀般疑问句⼀样简单地⽤Yes 或No 来回答,特殊疑问句要⽤降调来读。
⼆、特殊疑问句的结构:
特殊疑问词 + ⼀般疑问句
Who do English homework in the evening?谁晚上做英语家庭作业?
What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么?
What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作业?
When do you do English homework?你什么时候做英语家庭作业?
三、注意:
对⼈提问时who―谁‖
对所属(谁的)提问⽤whose―谁的‖
对哪⼀个提问⽤which―哪⼀个‖
对时间提问⽤when―什么时候‖或what time―⼏点‖ 对物体提问⽤what―什么‖
对地点提问⽤where―哪⾥‖
对原因提问⽤why―为什么‖
对⽅式提问⽤how―怎么样‖
对数量提问⽤how many―多少‖(⽤于可数名词复数)或how much―多少‖(⽤于不可数名词)
四、难点提⽰
1、以why开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常⽤于表⽰建议、请求等。 Why don`t you have a try? 你为什么不试试呢?
2、特殊疑问句常⽤到⼀些缩略形式,在平时学习中要注意习惯这些⽤法。
I don`t want to go there. How about you? 我不想去那⼉,你呢?
But what else? 可是还有什么呢?
把下列句⼦变成否定句:
1. I am listening to music. _______________________________________
2. Mike is a student. _______________________________________
3Sarah can clean the classroom. ________________________________________
4. They are in the zoo. ________________________________________
5. There are some flowers in the vase.________________________________________
【动词】
1. 动词be(am,is,are)的⽤法:
be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式。
①第⼀⼈称单数(I)配合am来⽤。句型解析析:I am+?
例句:I am Snoopy.
I am ten years old.
I am a student.
I am a boy.
②第⼆⼈称(You)配合are使⽤。句型解析:You are+?
例句:You are my good friend.
You are a good teacher.
You are beautiful
③第三⼈称单数(He or She or It)配合is使⽤。句型解析:She(He, It) is + 例句:She is a good girl.
She is so tall.
She is short.
④⼈称复数 (we /you/they)配合are使⽤。句型解析:We (You, They) are + 例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7.
They are my friends.
You are good students.
⽤法⼝诀: 我(I)⽤am, 你(you)⽤are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词⽤is,复数名词全⽤are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有⼀条须注意,句⾸⼤写莫忘记。
对应练习:
⼀. ⽤括号中适当的词填空。
1. I ________(am, are, is) from Australia.
2. She _______ (am, are, is) a student.
3. Jane and Tom _________(am, is, are) my friends.
4. My parents _______ (am, is, are) very busy every day.
5. _______ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York?
⼀、⽤be 动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
初⼀英语语法知识点总结归纳⼆
⼀. 词汇
⑴单词
1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表⽰;中;在内。例如:
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包⾥
in the desk 在桌⼦⾥
in the classroom 在教室⾥
2). on 表⽰;在;;上;。例如:
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌⼦上
on the blackboard 在⿊板上
3). under表⽰;在;;下;。例如:
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅⼦下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表⽰;在;;后⾯;。例如:
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5). near表⽰;在;;附近;。例如: near the teachers desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表⽰;在;;处;。例如:
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门⼝
7). of 表⽰的;。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的⼀幅画
a map of China ⼀张中国地图
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2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词⼀般位于所限定的名词前,⽤来署名名词所指的⼈或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a⽤在以辅⾳⾳素开头的词前,如a book; an⽤在以元⾳⾳素开头的字母前,如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连⽤,泛指某类⼈或某物中的⼀个。
This is a cat.
这是⼀只猫。
It#39;s an English book.
这是⼀本英语书。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个⼯⼈。
the既可以⽤在可数名词前,也可以⽤在不可数名词前,表⽰某个或某些特定的⼈或事物,也可以指上⽂提到过的⼈或事物。
Who#39;s the boy in the hat?
戴帽⼦的男孩是谁呀?
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where#39;s the bag?
------ It#39;s on the desk.
------- 你能在教室⾥看到什么呀?
------ 我能看见⼀个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀?
------ 在桌⼦上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中⽤some.例如:
There are some books on the desk.桌⼦上有⼀些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有⼀些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中⽤any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔⾥有墨⽔吗?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?
There isn#39;t any water in the glass.杯⼦⾥没有⽔。
⑵记住它们的特殊⽤法。
①some亦可⽤于表⽰盼望得到对⽅肯定的答复或表⽰建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这⼀点我们不久就会学到。例如:
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗?
②any也可⽤于肯定句中,表⽰quot;任何的quot;。例如:
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何⼀个都能做这个。
some 和any的⽤法是经常出现的考点,希望⼤家能准确地掌握它们的⽤法。
4.family
family看作为⼀个整体时,意思是quot;家庭quot;,后⾯的谓语动词be⽤单数形式 is ;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后⾯的谓语动词be应⽤are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个⼤家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家⼈现在都在家。
Family强调由家⼈组成的⼀个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个⼈出⽣、被抚养长⼤的环境和居住地点。 house 指quot;家quot;、quot;房屋quot;,侧重居住的建筑本⾝。
His family are all workers. 他的家⼈都是⼯⼈。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn;t at home now. 他现在不在家。
It;s a picture of my family. 这是⼀张我全家的照⽚。
5. little的⽤法
a little dog ⼀只⼩狗,a little boy ⼀个⼩男孩。little常⽤来修饰有⽣命的名词。
_little还可表⽰否定意义,意为quot;少的quot;,加不可数名词。
There is little time. ⼏乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中⽔很少。
⑵词组on the desk 在桌⼦上
behind the chair 在椅⼦后
under the chair 在椅⼦下⾯
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom ⼀个教室的图⽚
look at the picture 看这张图⽚
the teacher#39;s desk 讲桌
a map of China ⼀张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下,就坐
this way 这边⾛
⼆. ⽇常⽤语
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can#39;t.
6. Where#39;s Shenzhen?
It#39;s near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.(⼝语)让我想想看。
see 在这是quot;明⽩、懂了,不可译作;看见。例如:
8. Please have a seat.
seat表⽰quot;座位quot;,是个名词。have a seat表⽰quot;就坐quot;,也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
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三. 语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表⽰与后⾯名词的所有关系,通常⽤名词所有格的形式,意为quot;hellip;hellip;的quot;。⼀般有以下⼏种形式: (1). ⼀般情况下在词尾加quot;#39;squot;。例如:
Kate#39;s father Kate的爸爸
my mother#39;s friend 我妈妈的朋友
(2). 如果复数名词以s结尾,只;。例如:
Teachers Day 教师节
The boysgame 男孩们的游戏
(3). 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加;。例如:
Children Day ⼉童节
Women Day 妇⼥节
(4). 表⽰两个或⼏个共有时,所有格应加在后⼀个名词上。例如:
Lucy and Lils room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
a map of China ⼀幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的⼀张照⽚ the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要⽤来表⽰说话⼈的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句⼀般不⽤主语,读时⽤降调。为使语⽓委婉、礼貌,常在句⾸或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多⽤逗号。
(1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词⼀律⽤动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
(2). 祈使句的否定形式常⽤don#39;t于句⾸。
Don#39;t look at your books. 不要看书。
Don#39;t play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
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3. There be 的句⼦结构
There be是⼀个;存在;句型,表⽰;有的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第⼀个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的⼀致。意思为quot;某地有某⼈或某物quot;。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌⼦上有⼀块橡⽪和两⽀钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两⽀钢笔和⼀块橡⽪。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后⾯加上not。
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间⾥没猫。
There aren#39;t any books on the desk. 桌⼦上没书。
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句⾸:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn#39;t / aren#39;t.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有⼀只狗吗?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河⾥有船吗?
---No, there aren#39;t. 没有。
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(3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?quot;某地有多少⼈或物?quot;回答⽤There be . . .
There#39;s one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就⽤数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室⾥有多少学⽣?
---There#39;s only one. / There are nine. 只有⼀个。/有九个。
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,⽤:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少⽔? How much food is there in the bowl? 碗⾥有多少⾷物? 初⼀英语语法知识点总结归纳三
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
⼀、词组
be from= come form 来⾃...
pen pal=pen friend 笔友
like and dislike 好恶;爱憎
live in….在...居住
speak English 讲英语
play sports 做体育运动
a little French ⼀些法语
go to the movies 去看电影
an action movie ⼀部动作⽚
on weekends 在周末
Excuse me 对不起,打扰
get to 到达、抵达
beginning of 在...开始的时候
at the end of 在...结束的时候
arrive at /
⼆、句型
(1)、Where主 +be+主语+from?
主语+be+from+地点.
(2)、Where do/does+主语+live?
主语+live/lives in…
(3)、What language do/does +主语+speak?
主语+speak/speaks….
(4)、主语+like/likes+doing…
三、⽇常交际⽤语
1-Where is your pen pal from?
-He’s from China.
2-Where does she live?
--She lives in Tokyo.
3-Does she speak English?
-Yes,she does/No,she dosen’t.
4-Is that your new pen pal? -Yes,he is /No,he isn’t.
5-What language does she speak?
-She speaks English.
Unit 2 Where’s the post office
⼀、词组
post office 邮局
pay phone 投币式公⽤电话
next to 在...隔壁
across from 在...对⾯
in front of 在...前⾯
between…and… 在...和...之间
on a street 在街上
in the neighborhood 在附近
on the right/left 在右边/在左边
on one’s right/left 在某⼈的右边/左边
turn right/left 向右/左转
take a walk 散步
have fun 玩得开⼼
the way to …去...的路
take a taxi 打的/乘出租车
go down(along)…沿着...⾛
go through...穿过...
have a good trip 旅途愉快
⼆、句型
(1)、Is there a bank near here?
Yes,there is .It’s on Centre Street.
No,there isn’t.
(2)、Where’s the sumpermarket?
It’s next to the library.
(3)、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.
(4)、I hope you have a good trip.
(5)、If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.
(6)、Talk a walk though the park..
(7)、enjoy后接名词或动词-ing形式.
Do you enoy(=like) your work? Do you enjoy(=like) living in the city?
三、⽇常交际⽤语
(1)、Is there a ….?句型Eg:
-Excuse me.Is there a hotel in the neighborhood. -Yes, there is. No.there isn’t
(2)、Where is …?句型Eg:
-Where is the park,please?
-It’s behind the bank.(肯定回答)
-I’m sorry I don’t know. (否定回答)
(3)、Which is the way to +地点? 句型.例如:
- Which is the way to the library.
(4)、How can I get to +地点?句型.例如:
-How can I get to the restaurant?
(5)、Can you tell me the way to +地点?句型.例 - Can you tell me the way to the post office?
(6)、Let me tell you the way to my house.
(7)、Just go straight and turn left.
Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?
⼀、词组
want to do sth .想要做某事
want sb to do sth 想要某做某事
want sth 想要某物
Let sb do sth 让某⼈做某事
kind of 有⼏分\\种类
a kind of ⼀种…
…years old …年龄如:ten years old ⼗岁
like to do sth 喜欢做某事
like doing sth
play with … 与...⼀起玩
be quiet 安静
during the day 在⽩天
at night 在夜间
have a look at.. 看...
one…the other ⼀个...另⼀个...
⼆、句型 (1)、-why do you like pandas?
-Because they’re very cure.
(2)、-Why dose he like koalas?
-Because they are kind of interesting.
(3)、-Where are lions from?
-Lions are from South Africa.
(4)、-What animals do you like?
-I like elephants.
三、⽇常交际⽤语
(1)、-Let’s see the lions.
(2)-Why do you want to see the lions?
-Becase they are very cute.
(3)-Do you like giraffes?
Yes,I do./ No,I don’t
(4)-What other animal do you like?
_I like dogs.too
other+ 名词的复数.表⽰没有特定的数量范围 the other+名词的复数表⽰有特定的数量范围.
(5)-Why are you looking at me?
-Because you are very cute.
(6)-Let us play games. –Great!
Let me see.
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
⼀、词组
want to be+职业想要成为。。
shop assistant 店员
bank clerk 银⾏职员
work with 与。。⼀起⼯作
work hard 努⼒⼯作
work for 为。。⽽⼯作
work as 作为。⽽⼯作
get.. from…从。。获得。。
give sth.to.sb /give.sb.sth 把某物给某⼈
正确的表⽰:give it/them to sb.
错误的表⽰:give sb.it/them
in the day 在⽩天
at night 在夜间
talk to /with 与…讲话
go out to dinners 外出吃饭
in a hospital 在医院
newspaper reporter 报社记者
movie actor 电影演员
⼆、句型
(1)-What do/does+某⼈+do?
例:-What do you do?-I’m a student.
-What dose he do? He’s a teacher.
(2)-What do/does+某⼈+want to be?
例:What do you want to be?-I want to be a teacher. -What does she want to be ?She want to be a nuser.
(3)-Where does your sister work?
-She works in a hospital.
(4)-Does he work in the hospiat
Yes.he does/No,he doesn’t
(5)-Does she work late?
-Yes,she does/No.she doesn’t
(6)-英语中询问职业的⼏种表达⽅式:
What do/does …do?
What is…? What is your father?
What’s one’s job?例:What’s your father’s job?
Unit 5 I’m watching TV.
⼀、词组
do homework 做家庭作业
watch TV 看电视
eat dinner 吃饭;就餐
clean the room 打扫房间
read newspaper/a book 看报纸/看书
go to the movies 看电影
write a letter 写信
wait for 等待;等候
talk about 谈论。。
play basketball/soccer/ 打篮球/踢⾜球
take photos 拍照
TV show 电视节⽬
Some of。。。中的⼀些
a photo of my family 我的家庭照
at school 在学校
be with 和。。⼀起
in the tree 在树上
⼆、句型
(1)-What+be+主语+doing? ….正在做什么?
-主语+be+doing。。 …正在做某事。
例: -what are you doing?
-I’m doing my homework.
(2)-Thanks for … 为。。⽽感谢
例:Thanks for your letter.
(3)-Here are/is…
例:Here are some of my photos.
Here is a photo of my family.
(4)-That sounds good.
(5)-This TV show is boring.
三、⽇常交际⽤语
(1)-Do you want to go to the movices? –Sure.
(2)-When do you want to go? –Let’s go at seven.
(3)-Where do people play basketball? –At school.
(4)-What’s he waiting for?-He’s waiting for a bus.
(5)-What’s he reading? He’s reading a newspaper.
1)现在在进⾏时的形式是:
助动词be(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式(也叫现在分词),表⽰现在(说话的瞬间)正在进⾏或发⽣的动作。
2)现在进⾏时的肯定句形式
主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他
I’m watching TV.
3)现在进⾏时的否定句形式
主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他
They are not playing soccer.
4)现在进⾏时的⼀般疑问句形式及回答: Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他?
Yes,主语+is/am/are. No,主语+isn’t/aren’t/am not.
Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not.
5) 现在进⾏时的特殊疑问句形式:
特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他?
例:What is your brother doing?
6) 动词+ing形式(现在分词)的构成.
1⼀般情况下在动词词结尾加-ing.
如: eat--eating, do—doing,clean—cleaning,
play—playing,
2以不发⾳的元⾳字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加-ing.
如:take--taking,write—writing,have-having
come—coming.dance--dancing
3词尾如果是以⼀个辅⾳字母结尾的重读闭⾳节词.应该先双写这个辅⾳字母,再加-ing.
如:run—runing,sit—sitting ,swim—swimming.
Shop—shopping.put—putting,sit—sitting
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