1.【2015·天津】2. The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.
A. that B. one C. it D. this
【答案】A【解析】考查代词。句意：这所小学校的教肓质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education,故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。本题考查代词辨祈。代词it, one和that都指代前面提到的名词。
2.【2015·重庆】2. The meeting will be held in September, but ______ knows the date for sure.
A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody
【答案】B 【解析】考查不定代词。句意：会议将在九月举行，但没人知道确切日期。由but表达转折可知没人知，故选B。不定代词的运用要根据题中所给的语境，及关键词来进行确定。somebody—般用于肯定的陈述句中，anybody多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中，everybody 用于肯定句；nobody表示没人；根据语境中的but可知表示转折，故暗示没有人知道确切的日期。
3.【2015·福建】21. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ______ contained any useful suggestions.
A. all B. none C. either D. neither
【答案】D【解析】考查代词。该句中A.all全部；B.none没有一个；C.either两个中任何一个；D.两者都不。根据该句意思：那个研究小组在调査的基础上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的建议。故选D。
4.【2015·陕西】13. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against ______.
A. another B. the other C. other D. either
【答案】B【解析】考查代词。句意：为了让自己暖和暖和，这个水手坐在炉火前用一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是one，另一只是the other，故选B。
5.【2015·四川】Niki is always full of ideas, but ______ is useful to my knowledge.
A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none
【答案】D【解析】考查不定代词。A什么都没有、没有东西，不和of连用，故排除； B只可以指人，故排除。C两者都不，与语意不符。项D可指人也可指物，相当于no+名词，故选D。句意：妮基总有很多点子，但据我所知没一个有用。
6.【2015·浙江】12. How would you like ______ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
A. them B. one C. those D. it
【答案】D【解析】考查代词。句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？ it作形式宾语，指代后面的句子。
二. 名词与主谓一致
1.【2015·安徽】30. There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.
A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority
【答案】A【解析】考查名词。句意：现在没必要就给我答复。思考一下，然后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选D。本题考査名词辨祈。要求学生有一定的词汇重，其次，做题时需要结合句意进行综合考虑。根据第一句和and then let me know.可知，没有必要现在就给“我”答复，由此可知是让对方再想想。
2.【2015·湖北】21. When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ______ and had a bad fall.
A. balance B. chance C. memory D. place
【答案】A【解析】考查名词。句意：男孩在追他哥哥时，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。A平衡；B机会；C记忆；D地方。lose one’s balance “失去平衡”。故选A。
3.【2015·福建】24. The failure was a big ______ to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. factor
【答案】A【解析】考查名词。A打击；B问题；C借口；D要素。句意：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A。
4.【2015·湖北】22. He gave himself a new name to hide his ______ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure
【答案】C【解析】考查名词。句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来隐瞒自己的身份。A情绪；B才能；C身份；D财富。故选C。
5.【2015·江苏】32. Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements
【答案】B【解析】考查名词。句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A判断，决断；B调整；C评价，评论；D成就。故选B。本题侧重考査在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四选项都能跟前面的动词make搭配。因此，除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可利用固定搭配排除C.make comments on对……做出评价评论，缩小正确答案的范围。
6.【2015·江苏】35. —Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______.
A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets
【答案】C【解析】考查名词。句意：—Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A请求；B借口；C道歉；D遗憾，后悔。故选C项。
7.【2015·浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce ______ is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.
A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive
【答案】B【解析】考查名词。句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人说说你的感受。A产品，B压力，C能源，D力量。考查4个名词的词义辨析，需要正确理解该句的语义。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。故选B压力。
8.【2015·湖南】27. It is important to remember that success _______ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ______ years to achieve.
A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take
【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致原则。主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。根据分析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，因为此宾语从句：…that success ______ a sum of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often ______ years to achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意：成功是将每天一点一点的努力积累起来，需要多年的努力才能实现的。记住这些道理很重要。
三. 介词与介词短语
1.【2015·重庆】10. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃______ the average.
A. below B. on C. at D. above
【答案】D 【解析】考查介词。句意：去年是有纪录以来最暖和的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。with 的宾语global temperature，宾语补足语above the average(在平均值之上)。below the average 意为“在平均值之下”。
2.【2015·安徽】33. They believe that there are transport developments ______ that will bring a lot of changes for the better.
A. out of date B. out of order C. around the clock D. around the comer
【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语。句意：他们相信这里即将会有带来更好变化的交通发展。A过时；B发生故障；C昼夜不停；D即将来临。故选D。解答本题需结合四个选项的意思和句意综合考虑，由will可知是将要发生的事情，D项表示将来时间。
3.【2015·福建】22. A common memory they all have ______ their school days is the school uniform.
A. of B. on C. to D. with
【答案】A【解析】考查介词。A. of表示关于，表示从属关系；B. on表示在……之上；C. to表示对于；D. with表示和……在一起。该句意思为：他们共有的关于他们学校的记忆是校服。故选A。这是词组“have a common memory of...(对……有共同的记忆)”的变形，将“a common memory”变成了先行词。
4.【2015·福建】32. Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ______ nature.
A. in view of B. in need of C.in touch with D. in harmony with
【答案】D【解析】考查介词。A由于，鉴于；B需要；C和……接触； D与……和谐相处。这四个短语后面都应该接名词，该句意思为：人类的生活被认为是自然的一部分。因此，我们生存下来的唯一的方法就是与自然和谐相处。根据句意，故选D。
5.【2015·湖北】30. This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you ______ that if you smoked here you would be fined.
A. in advance B. in detail C. in total D. in general
【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。句意：这个会议室是无烟区。我想提前警告你：若你在这里吸烟，会被罚款。A提前；B详细地；C总计；D大体上，笼统地。故选A。
6.【2015·江苏】34. Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _______ Thomas Edison.
A. thanks to B. regardless of C. aside from D. but for
【答案】D【解祈】考查介词短语。句意：要不是爱迪生的发明，今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。A“多亏”，具有很强迷惑性，如将题干改成Thomas Edison； now we can benefit from many of the things around us则选A；B不管，不顾；C除了； D要不是，常用于隐藏式(含蓄式)虚拟条件句。故选D。
7.【2015·陕西】12. The little pupil took his grandma ______ the arm and walked her across the street.
A. on B. by C. in D. at
【答案】B【解析】考查介词。句意：这个小学生挽着他奶奶的手臂和她一起穿过了街道。take sb. by the arm挽着某人的手臂，所以选B。
8.【2015·浙江】3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ______ animals both on land and sea?
A. about B. to C. with D. over
【答案】B【解析】考查介词。句意：你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家？ home to sth固定搭配“是什么的家园” 意思。该句是一个疑问句，其中还含有一个定语从句。比如这个句子转化为陈述句应该是You have ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?然后把定语从句单独拿出来看将会是 trees are homes animals both on land and sea.根据固定搭配自然知道答案是to。
9.【2015·浙江】10. Most people work because it’s unavoidable. ______, there are some people who actually enjoy work.
A. As a result B. In addition C. By contrast D. In conclusion
【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语。句意：大部分人工作是因为工作无法躲避。相比之下，有些人工作是因为的确喜欢工作。根据句意，可知前后是表示对比。A结果，B此外，C相比之下，D总之。“不可避免”表述到无奈，也就是说，很多人不得不工作。后句表达是“事实上有些人喜欢工作”，“喜欢”和“不得不”刚好构成一种比较，故选C。
10.【2015·浙江】17. These comments came ______ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
A. in memory of B. in response to C. in touch with D. in possession of
【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语。句意：这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻记者问到的具体问题的回应。A纪念， B回应，C联系，D拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用，根据常识和句意，评论应该是对问题的回应。故应选B。
四. 形容词与副词
1.【2015·安徽】26. I’m so ______ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
A. special B. superior C. grateful D. attractive
【答案】C【解析】考查形容词。句意：我对所有的那些志愿者非常感激，因为有了他们的帮助使我原本糟糕的一天终以快乐而结束。A.特殊的；B.优秀的，比……好的；C.感激的；D.有吸引力的。根据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表达感激之愔，故选C项。本题考査形容词辨祈。首先，要理解四个词的意思，其次要结合句意。根据“they helped...”可知，“我”是在表达感激之情。
2.【2015·安徽】31. They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies.
A. legally B. sincerely C. personally D. deliberately
【答案】C【解析】考查副词。句意：他们把钱要么亲自要么通过他们的公司送到那些老人的家里。A.合法地；B.真诚地；C.亲自，当面地，个人而言；D.故意地。根据“or through their companies”可以判断空白处指的是“亲自”。故选C。
3.【2015·福建】23. It was ______ of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
A. careless B. considerate C. patient D. generous
【答案】B【解析】考查形容词。A不小心的；B体贴的；C有耐心的；D慷慨的。该句意思为：麦克真是体贴，他通知我们他会迟点来以防我们担心。故选B。
4.【2015·湖北】27. Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be ______.
A.accurate B.punctual C.efficient D.reasonable
【答案】B【解析】考查形容词。句意：尽管会议大厅靠近他的公寓，如果他想要准时的话，还是必须快点。A精确的；B守时的；C有效率的；D合理的。故选B。
5.【2015·湖北】28. I don’t think what he said is ______ to the topic we are discussing . He has missed the point.
A. faithful B. parallel C. relevant D. similar
【答案】C【解析】考查形容词。句意：我认为他所说的和我们今天讨论的话题无关。他没有抓住要点。A项“忠实的，忠诚的”；B项“与……平行”；C项“和……相关”；D项“和……相似”。be relevant to“和……相关”。故选C项。
6.【2015·湖北】29. The girl used to be shy, but is ______ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
A. gradually B. usually C. previously D. merely
【答案】A【解析】考查副词。句意：那个女孩过去很害羞，但现在在团队合作中渐渐地积极起来，(比以前)更愿意表达自己的想法。A逐渐地；B通常；C以前；D仅仅。故选A。
7.【2015·江苏】31. The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and ______ review of the case.
A. comprehensive B. complicated C. conscious D. crucial
【答案】A【解析】考查形容词。句意：警方决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A综合的，全面的；B复杂的；C有意识的；D至关重要的。故选A。
8.【2015·四川】7. Andy is content with the toy. It is ______ he has ever got.
A. a better B. the better C. a best D. the best
【答案】D【解析】考查最高级和比较级。根据上一句话可知，安迪对这个玩具很满意，故选择D。句意：安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他拥有的最好的一个(玩具)。
9.【2015·浙江】13. Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was ______ alive.
A. steadily B. instantly C. formerly D. permanently
【答案】C【解析】考查副词。句意：就算我们很少了解食物来自于哪里，我们大多数人都明白，每一口放进我们嘴里的食物之前都是活着的。A稳定地， B立即地，C先前地，D永久地。在做题的时候，只需要理解最后一句话就可以了was______alive. 根据句意及常识不能得出答案，在吃入口中之前的都是活着的。
10.【2015·浙江】14. Listening is thus an active, not a ______, behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
A. considerate B. sensitive C. reliable D. passive
【答案】D【解析】考查形容词。句意：听是一种主动的，而不是被动的行为。它包含听、理解和记忆。A考虑周全的，B敏感的，C可靠的，D被动的。根据not可以知道前后是反义表达，所以选D。此题的关键是有一个not这是表示否定的，这表明跟前面的active是反义的关系，根据4个选项的意思不难得出答案是 D.被动的。
五. 动词与动词短语
1.【2015·天津】10. Tom had to ______ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
A. turn in B. turn down C. turn over D. turn to
【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语。句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。A上交；B拒绝；C移交；D求助。根据句意可知选B。
2.【2015·天津】11. If you have any doubts about your health, you’d better ______ your doctor at once.
A. convince B. consult C. avoid D. affect
【答案】B【解析】考查动词。句意：如果你对你的健康有任何疑问，你最好立刻咨询你的医生。A说服；B咨询；C避免；D影响。根据句意可知选B。
3.【2015·天津】14. See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t ______ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
A. have B. make C. display D. bring
【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语。句意：看看，你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。考查动词短语的固定搭配：make sense有意义。根据句意可知选B。
4.【2015·安徽】22. If you come to visit China, you will ______ a culture of amazing depth and variety.
A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience
【答案】D【解析】考查动词。句意：如果你来中国旅游，你将会体验到一种博大精深的文化。A.发展，培养；B.创造; C.代替；D.经历。故选D项。本题考査动词辨析。四个选项都是常见的动词，考生不难理解其意思，另外，句意也较为简单，结合句意不难看出是“体验中国文化的深度和多样性”。
5.【2015·福建】25. It is said that body language ______ 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
A. lies in B. accounts for C. consists of D. goes with
【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语。A在于；B说明、引起；C包括；D相伴。句意：据说体态语言占了第一印象的百分之五十五，而你所说的话只占百分之七。故选B。
6.【2015·湖北】23. The team are working hard to ______ the problem so that they can find the best solution.
A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyze
【答案】D【解析】考查动词。句意：团队正在努力分祈这一问题一遍找到解决问题的方法。A面对；B阻止；C提出，举起；D分祈。故选D项。
7.【2015·湖北】24. In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to ______ that someone was moving about upstairs.
A.whisper B.signal C.declare D.complain
【答案】B【解析】考查动词。句意：为了不被他人听到，她手指指上面，示意有人正在楼上走动。A低声说；B发信号，(用手势)示意；C (正式)宣称；D抱怨。故选B。
8.【2015·湖北】25. There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage ______ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
A.leaves out B.goes against C.lies in D.makes up
【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语。句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。A遗漏，省略；B违背，和……作对；C在于；D编造，组成，化妆，和好。故选C。
9.【2015·湖北】26. Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later.
A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up
【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语。句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现。A突出；B结束，解散，分；C出去，出版，被泄露；D出现，露面。故选D。
10.【2015·江苏】22. Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ______ to their greatest potential.
A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop
【答案】D【解析】考查动词。句意：学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。A加速，加快；B改善，提高；C表现；D发展。故选D。
11.【2015·江苏】27. The university started some new language programs to ______ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.
A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for
【答案】B【解祈】考查动词短语。句意：这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，以满足国家丝绸之路经济带之需。A向……申请，适用于……；B迎合，满足……的需要，为……提供服务；C对……有吸引力，呼吁；D猎取，寻找。故选B。
12.【2015·江苏】29. The whole team ______ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on
【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语。句意：全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，他很少让他们失望过。A服侍，等；B集中(注意力)于；C指望；D呼吁，拜访。故选C。
13.【2015·陕西】25. Peter will ______ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up
【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语。句意：彼得在这个月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位。A拿起，开始从事；B竖立；搭建；C加起来；D结束，分解。故选A。
14.【2015·浙江】5. Studies have shown that the right and left ear ______ sound differently.
A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download
【答案】C【解析】考查动词。句意：研究已经表明，左右耳处理声音的方式是不同的。A生产或制造，B发音，C处理，D下载。该题考查词义辨析，4个选项的意思都不一样，所以在作答时，要每个单词都代入空格进行翻译，找出最佳答案。根据常识，耳朵不能生产或制造，不能发音，更不可能下载。所以答案只能是处理，即C。
15.【2015·浙江】16. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to ______ on the sea?
A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split
【答案】A【解析】考查动词。句意：如果钢重于水，那为什么船可以浮在水面上？A漂浮，B淹死，C收缩，D洒出。此题考査的是4个动词的词义辨析，正确理解这4个动词及结合常识可以得出答案。
16.【2015·浙江】7. Body language can ______ a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away
【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语。句意：肢体语言在很大程度上可以暴露你的情绪。所以手折起来站着，表示你是有防范的。A拿走；B扔掉；C放好；D泄露，而且和send out同义。该题考査动词短语搭配，这是动词加副词的搭配，其中四个副词都是一样的(away)，不同的是动词，正确理解四是个搭配其实只需要理解四个动词即可。
17.【2015·浙江】11 . We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or ______ our emotions than for straight facts.
A. block off. B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across
【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语。句意：与毫无渲染的事实相比，我们更容易记住那些能使我们感官兴奋或者感染我们情绪的事情。A封锁，阻挡， B吸引，有感染力，C订阅， D遇到。该句的句式用到了一个比较句式及一个定语从句，看来有一点复杂，其实这道题的关键就是连词or，or意思是或者，用于并列句。所以our emotions表达是跟前面excite our senses(让我们激动)意思相同，根据句意不难得出答案是B。
六 动词的时态和语态
1.【2015·北京】22. —Did you enjoy the party? —Yes,we ______ by our hosts.
A.were treated B.would be treated C.treated D.had treated
【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态及语态。句意：—你喜欢这个聚会吗？—是的，我们得到了主人款待。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。
2.【2015·北京】26. In the last few years, China ______ great achievements in environmental protection.
A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making
【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years 可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。
3.【2015·北京】27. —Did you have difficulty finding Ann'house?
—Not really.She______us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give
【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：—你觉得找到安娜家的位置困难么? —不会。她告诉我们很清晰的方位，并且我们很容易就找到了。根据题干可知，安娜“给我们很清晰的方位”发生在“我们找到她家之前”，因此，发生在过去动作之前的动作要用过去完成时。故选B。
4.【2015·北京】30. —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I ______ him later.
A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling
【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态。句意：—Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。—好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。
5.【2015·天津】6. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time.
A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching
【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。句意：简不能参加今天下午三点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在给学生上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time，指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来进行时。故选D。
6.【2015·天津】9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ______ so far by the two sides.
A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached
【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态。句意：尽管之前经过多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，根据句意可知选A。
7.【2015·重庆】1. —Is Peter coming?
—No, he_______ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
A.changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed
【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：—彼得来了吗？—没有，最后一刻他接到一个电话后他改变主意了。根据“at the last minute最后一刻”可知发生在过去，故用一般过时态。
8.【2015·重庆】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat ______ cut.
A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been
【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在我的家乡，麦子丰收过后农民会有一个庆祝晚餐。现在完成时表示动作已经完成，才会举行庆祝活动，故选D项。主句用的是一般现在时，从句也应该用现在时间范畴的时态；再者，在时间状语从句中用现在完成时代替将来完成时。
9.【2015·安徽】24. Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ______ my bank in the cafe.
A. have left B. had left C would leave D. was leaving
【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当我刚刚走到学校大门口时，我就意识到把银行卡忘在餐馆了。realized后省略了that，这里是一个宾语从句，从句时态与主句保持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时，故选B。
10.【2015·安徽】29. It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.
A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：据报道，人们在未来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。根据“in years to come”可知用将来时，space station和build是动宾关系，空间站是被建造的，应该使用被动语态，故选B。
11.【2015·福建】26. To my delight, I ______ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen
【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态和语态。根据句意：让我高兴的是，从成百上千的参加者中我被选中参加开幕式。可以知道这里应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故用一般过去时，故选A
12.【2015·福建】30. —Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ______ his essay there ever since.
A.wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing
【答案】C【解析】考査动词时态。根据句意：—彼得在那里，我哪儿都找不到他。—他在早餐过后就去了图书馆，然后自从那以后他就一直在那里写论文。从句意中可以知道彼得是吃过早餐之后去了图书馆，从那个时候开始他就一直在写论文，这个动作一直延续到了现在(可能还将延续下去)，所以用现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，还将延续下去。故选C。
13.【2015·湖南】22. As you go through this book, you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.
A. will find B. found C. had found D. have found
【答案】A【解析】考査动词时态。一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书时，你将会发现成千上万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。根据句意，判断主语的时态为一般将来时，故选A。
14.【2015·湖南】25. I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ______, "What do you wish me to do now?"
A. ask B. have asked C. am asking D. asked
【答案】D【解析】考査动词时态。一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。此题主句的时态为一般过去时，表示这个事情和动作发生在过去，故从句时态也要用一般过去时。句意：，当我问道，“你希望我现在做些什么？”的时候，我无法隐藏我的渴望。故选D。
15.【2015·湖南】28. He must have sensed that I ______ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?"
A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at
【答案】C【解析】考査动词时态。过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作，如果没有具体的时间，可以从意义上去把握。句意：他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然朝我看了一眼，然后轻声问道：“你为什么要那样盯着我看？”根据分析，此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的must have sensed和glanced at可知是过去进行时，故选C。
16.【2015·湖南】32. I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ______ thankfully by the shop window.
A. am held back B. held back C. hold back D. was held back
【答案】D【解祈】考查动词时态和语态。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。被动语态的时态变化只改変be的形式，过去分词部分不变。hold back阻隔，隐瞒。句意：我非常想进去玩那些玩具，但幸亏有商店的玻璃窗隔着。根据句意，此句含有被动语态在里面，hold back要用被动语态，故选D。
17.【2015·湖南】35. That is why I help brighten people’s days. If you ______, who’s to say that another person will?
A. did not B. do not C. were not D. have not
【答案】B【解祈】考查动词时态。在if引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果， 主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。此句中的who’s to say that another person will?可知主句用的是将来时，故if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时。句意：这就是为什么我要使人们的日子变得鮮活起来的原因。如果你不这样做，谁可以说还会有哪个这样做？
18.【2015·江苏】30. The real reason why prices ______, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态。句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选A项。
19.【2015·陕西】22. Marty ______ really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked
【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：马蒂一直在努力写书。他认为到周五为止他就会写完的。用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作。所以选B。
20.【2015·陕西】24. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he ______ the first black president of the United States of America.
A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became
【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在大学的时候，巴拉克·奥巴马那里知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表示过去某个时间将要发生的事，故选A。
21.【2015·四川】4. More expressways ______ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built
【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语soon可知，考査将来时，故选择B。句意：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济发展。
22.【2015·浙江】8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he ______ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was
【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态。句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小时候很少有人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将去改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C符合，该项是用be going to表将来。A是现在完成时(用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是for加一段时间)，B是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)，C是过去进行时(过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来)，D是过去时(表达过去的动作)。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词would(will的过去时，用于过去将来时)，分析可知答案就是C。
七. 情态动词与虚拟语气
1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really ______ go now. My daughter is home alone.
A .may B .can C . must D .dare
【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：—你不能再多待会儿吗? —很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A可能，可以，也许；B能，会；C必须，必然要，必定会；D胆敢。结合句意，故选C。本题考査情态动词语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。
2.【2015·北京】34. If I ______ it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.
A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen
【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。条件句中有if引导时：首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句。如果符合虚拟的结构，就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虛拟语气。
3.【2015·天津】7. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心的，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done 本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。本题考査情态动词。分祈此题需抓住后句 for my classmates here are very friendly to me.可知此处为本没有必要做某事，mightn’t也许不；mustn’t 不允许；couldn’t不可能。再根据句意可以选出正确答案。
4.【2015·天津】13. I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been
【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼的，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考査wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had+过去分词。根据句意可知选D。
5.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ______ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A.didn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说《永别了，武器》。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D。
6.【2015·重庆】12. You ______ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must B. can C. will D. shall
【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你肯定是卡罗。你这么多年一点都没变。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。故选A。
7.【2015·安徽】32. It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______ nowhere to stay now.
A. had B. had had C. would have D. would havehad
【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：幸好我们订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在就没地方可呆了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选C。
8.【2015·福建】27. —Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You ______ have made full preparations.
A.must B. can C. would D. should
【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。A必须B可以；C将会；D应该。这里是情态动词+have done的结构的虚拟语气。在肯定句中一般不可以用can+have done；must+have done 表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句，其否定形式“can not have done”；should+have done意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”。该对话意思为：——对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。——噢，那太糟糕了，你本应该做好充分准备的。故选D。
9.【2015·江苏】28. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known
【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我早知道日程安排的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦的。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。
10.【2015·陕西】21. You ______ feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
A. should B. need C. shall D. may
【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握肯定你以后会感激的。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may(不确定)可能。所以选D。
11.【2015·陕西】23. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ______ as well as her.
A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced
【答案】C【解祈】考查虚拟语气。句意：艾伦是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句时用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所以选C。
12.【2015·四川】2. You ______ be careful with the camera. It costs!
A .must B. may C. can D. will
【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选择A，句意：你必须得小心摆弄相机，它老贵了。
13.【2015·浙江】4. It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D needn’t
【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。句意：太吵了，以致我们不能够听到我们彼此之间的讲话。A不能，B不应该，C禁止，D不需要。该题用到了一个so+形容词+that的句式，做题时应该正确理解句意及这个句式的用法。正确理解这是表达不能还是表达其他的东西。must只能用于肯定句，用于否定句表示禁止， 这一点尤其要注意，因为往往会出错。如果表示一种可能往往是can的形式(过去时态使用could)。
八. 非谓语动词
1.【2015·北京】21. ______ the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
A.Catching. B.Caught. C.To catch. D.Catch
【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前叫出
2.【2015·北京】23 The park was full of people, ______ themselves in the sunshine.
A.having enjoyed B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.to enjoy
【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个公园到处都是人，在阳光下他们玩的很尽兴。本题考查非谓语动词。本题非谓语动词的逻辑主语为people，人们玩得开心为主动的，因此排除B选项；D.to enjoy不定式表示动作未发生，由题干可知，是过去的动作，因此排除D选项；A.having enjoyed 为现在分词的完成形式，一定要发生在谓语动作之前，根据题意，不符合。故选C。
3.【2015·北京】31. If ______ for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你被接受来担任这项工作，我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted=If you are accepted，故选D。本题暗含了状语从句的省略和非谓语动词的用法两个知识点，并牢记现在分词表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成，不定式表将要执行的动作的原则。做好此类题需牢记句子中省略，还有主语和动词间的关系。
4.【2015·天津】5. ______ in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing
【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约輸没有注意到夜幕降临了。短语(be) absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语。故选C。本题考査的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语之后，再分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。
5.【2015·天津】8. ______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A. To work B. Worked C. To be working D. Having worked
【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：工作了两天，史蒂夫成功的按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用having worked，表示动作的先后性。故选D。
6.【2015·重庆】6. _______in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise
【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，他要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的逻辑主语是he，他在这个地方长大(被抚养长大)，两者之间是被动关系所以用ed形式，并且是一个已完成的动作，所以排除A。故选C。
7.【2015·重庆】11. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ______ the sun and the stars.
A. used B. having used C. using D. use
【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：象古代的水手一样，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。逻辑主语是鸟类，和use的之间的关系是主动关系，所以选择doing形式。having used此题不强调此含义，故排除。表示该非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前using作伴随状语。伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。
8.【2015·安徽】27. ______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
A. Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored
【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你所犯的最糟糕的错误之一。句子缺主语，ignore 的逻辑主语是you，两者是主谓关系，故用动名词做主语，故选B。本题考査非谓语动词。will be前是主语部分，动词原形和过去分词不能直接作主语，习惯上用动名词作主语。且you和ignore是主谓关系。
9.【2015·福建】28.______ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
A. Learn B. Learned C. To learn D. To be learning
【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式做目的状语。句意：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。故选C。
10.【2015·福建】33. In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, ______ the sense of “information” and "atmosphere".
A. combine B. combined C. combing D. being combined
【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。其中现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词通常表示被动的关系。根据该句意思：最近几年，一个叫做“infosphere”的英语单词出现了，结合了“信息”和“气氛”这两个单词的意义。这里的结合与前面新出现的单词的关系是主动的，故选C。
11.【2015·湖南】30. When the clerk saw a kind of face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ______ whether to stay or leave.
A. wondering B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondered
【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。句意：当店员看到一张漂亮的脸上挤出一副抱歉的笑容时，她像扎根似的定在了那里，想着是去还是留。此句的谓语动词是stood，所以wonder在此用ing形式作一个伴随状语。故选A。
12.【2015·湖南】34. Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ______ what is bothering them
A. to talk over B. talked over C. talk over D.having talked over
【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。talk over讨论，根据分析，可知act as a listening ear for fellow student to do sth中的to do sth是作student的宾语补足语。句意：有时我充当一个倾听者来倾听我的同学们讨论他们的烦心事。故选A。
13.【2015·江苏】24. Much time ______ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending
【答案】C【解祈】考查非谓语动词。句意：上班族们坐在办公桌前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成選辑上的动宾关系， 且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C。
14.【2015·陕西】17. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on ______ all the people who had helped in her career.
A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked
【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖后，安妮·本尼迪克特接着感谢在她演艺生涯中所有帮助过她的人。go on to do接着做不同的事情，所以选A。
15.【2015·陕西】18. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ______ good care of at home.
A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken
【答案】B【解祈】考查非谓语动词。句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，李医生很高兴看见妈妈在家受到了很好的照顾。his mother和take of是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语，所以选B。
16.【2015·四川】9. Little Tom sat ______ watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. to amaze
【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词作伴随状语。句意：小汤姆坐着看小猴子在他面前跳舞，感到无比惊讶。主要考查B、C之间的区别，选项B意为：令人吃惊的，常修饰物，指事物具有的特征；而选项C意为：惊讶的，常修饰人，指人的心理感受。根据句意，本题选择C。
17.【2015·浙江】18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it ______ live is quite another.
A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed
【答案】D【解析】考查动词非谓语。句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，在现场听却又是另一回事。hear +宾语+ doing 表听到……正在做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。A是动词原形，B是现在分词形式，C是动词不定式，D是非谓语的现在分词被动形式。分析句子结构以及用法，不难知道音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。
九. 名词性从句
1.【2015·北京】33. I truly believe ______ beauty comes from within.
A. that B. where C. what D. why
【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起连接作用，也可以省略。故选A。
2.【2015·北京】35. ______ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
A. Where B.How C.Why D. When
【答案】B【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们如何理解事情与我们的感受有很大关系。根据句意可知，缺少方式状语，因此选择how。故选B。
3.【2015·重庆】8. We must find out ______ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
A.when B. how C. where D. why
【答案】A 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我们必须弄明白卡尔什么时候来，以便我们能给他预定房间。find out 后面跟着宾语从句。根据句意宾语从句用when。
4.【2015·安徽】25. A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.
A. what B. whom C. why D. when
【答案】A【解析】考查表语从句。句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但轮船并非为此目的而建造。that’s后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。故选A。why和when作状语，不可以充当答案。whom指人。
5.【2015·福建】29. —I wonder ______ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
A.where B. how C. why D. If
【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句。句中I是主语，wonder是谓语，how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词how是宾语从句中的方式状语。答句用表示方式的介词by介词短语来回答，所以是针对方式题提问的，故用how。根据句意：—我想知道玛丽在这些年是怎么保持她的身材的。—通过每天锻炼(来保持的)。故选C。
6.【2015·湖南】26. You have to know ______ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
A. what B. that C. where D. who
【答案】C【解祈】考查宾语从句。分祈可知：know后接宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词，连接代词有：who, whom, whose, which, what, 在句中做主语、宾语、定语或表语。连接副词有：when, where, why, how,在句中做状语。“You’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.”是完整句，故应用连接副词来引导从句。句意：若你要计划去那里的最隹方案，那你就得知道你要去什么地方。故选C。
7.【2015·江苏】25. ______ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
A. That B. Why C. Where D. How
【答案】C【解析】考查主语从句。句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿意接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。
8.【2015·陕西】19. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for ______ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
A. what B. that C. why D. how
【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：读完了她的自传后，我对多丽丝·莱辛在文学上做出的贡献非常敬佩。介词for后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以选A。
9.【2015·四川】8. The exhibition tells us ______ we should do something to stop air pollution.
A. where B. why C. what D. which
【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故选项C错误， 选项D担当定语，也错误。根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，为什么我们应该采取措施来阻止空气污染。而不是“我们在哪儿采取措施阻止空气污染”，故选择B。
10.【2015·浙江】6. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate ______ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.
A. what B. who C. that D. whoever
【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，请务必查看一下水面下有什么，通常总有些岩石或树枝藏在水里。此处what指代树枝或岩石等等。B和D用于指人，that 只有语法意义。句式上，该句用了(If从句+祈使句)的句式，非谓语to investigate 后接一个宾语从句的表达。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现，空格所做的成分是主语。根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头，可以得出答案是what。
十. 定语从句
1.【2015·北京】24. Opposite is St.Paul’s Church,______you can hear some lovely music.
A. which B.that C.when D.where
【答案】D【解祈】考查非性定语从句。句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那儿你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是 St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语，用where。故选D。
2.【2015·天津】15. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which C. when D. who
【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工享受他们工作的乐趣。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。
3.【2015·重庆】14. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of ______ were published in the 1990s.
A. whom B. which C. them D. That
【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，其中接近一半的书于20世纪90年代出版。先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故选B项。
4.【2015·安徽】28. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ______ school education depends.
A. it B. that C. whose D. which
【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依靠的一种基本技能。it不能引导定语从句；that不用于介词之后；whose作定语，其后需有名词；depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来充当定语从句的引导词，故选D。
5.【2015·福建】34. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
【答案】D【解析】考查非性定语从句。根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限性定语从句。首先that不能引导非性定语从句，who在引导非性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指人，而whom也指人，却只能作宾语；which引导非性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前面整个句子所说的内容，在定语从句中做主语。句意：中国日报吸引着全球的读者，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。故选D。
6.【2015·湖南】29. It is a truly delightful place, ______ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..
A. as B. where C. that D. which
【答案】D【解祈】考查定语从句。根据分析，此句是一个非性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语的，所以用关系代词引导。as引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。故选D。
7. 【2015·江苏】21. The number of smokers, ______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it B. which C. what D. as
【答案】D【解祈】考查定语从句。句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅在(过去)一年里就减少了 17%。as引导的非限性定语从句，其位置十分灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句子。故选D。考生容易误选B项v.tich，把 逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as 和which 在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。坯可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有 as is known expected planned mentioned said 等。
8.【2015·陕西】15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ______ he should be able to be independent.
A. which B. where C. whom D. when
【答案】D【解祈】考查定语从句。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他能够有的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。
9.【2015·四川】3. The books on the desk, ______ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A. which B. what C. whose D. that
【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为the books，和covers间存在所有关系，选C，意为书的封面。句意：放在桌子上那些封面闪闪发光的书是给我们准备的奖品。
10.【2015·浙江】19. Creating an atmosphere ______ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which
【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：创造一种氛围——能使员工们感觉到是团队中的一员，是一个非常大的挑战。这是一个定语从句，in the atmosphere“在氛围中”是一个固定搭配。此处也可以用where.分祈句子结构和结合四个选项，知道在这里面所需要填的是连词。然后空格之前是一个名词，这种情况首先考虑的是定语从句。然后分析之后的句子是具备完整的结构(有了主语employees和宾语part of a team)所以这里应该需要一个充当状语的连词，如where,when, why。由于when用于时间，why用于原因，剩下的使用where，所以这里填where。但是答案没有这个选项， 根据搭配介词+which=where及in atmosphere是固定搭配，不难得出答案。
十一. 连词和状语从句
1.【2015·北京】25. He is a shy man, ______ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
A.so B. but C.or D. as
【答案】B【解析】考查连词。句意：他是个害羞的人，但他并不害怕任何事和任何人。A因此；B但是；C或者；D作为。根据句意，前后句表示转折，故选but。考査连词中在句中的应用，做题时要分析前后句中所用的连词表示什么关系，看语境中前后句子的关系是转折还是并列，所以做好此类题先了解连词意思，再了解句中意思。
2.【2015·北京】28. You won’t find paper cutting difficult ______ you keep practicing it.
A. even if B. as long as C .as if D. ever since
【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。句意：只要你不断练习，你就不会觉得剪纸很难。A即使，虽然；B只要；C犹如，好像；D自从。结合句意，故选B。
3.【2015·北京】32. ______ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
A. Until B. Unless C. Once D. Although
【答案】C【解析】考查连词。句意：一旦农田被毁坏，将需要许多年的时间才能得以恢复。A到……为止，直到……才；B如果不，除非；C一旦，一经……便；D.虽然，然而，尽管。结合句意，故选C。
4.【2015·天津】12. We need to get to the root of the problem ______ we can solve it.
A. while B. after C. before D. as
【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句。句意：在我们解决问题前，我们需要找到问题的根源。A当……时候，而；B.在……之后；C在……之前；D正如。由句意可知选C。
5.【2015·重庆】4. If you miss this chance, it may be years _______you get another one.
A.as B. before C. since D. after
【答案】B【解析】考查连词。as 因为；before之前；since由于；after之后；句意：如果你错过这次机会，可能要等几年才会再有。It+will+be+时间段+before...：要过多久才会……；It+may+be+时间段+before...：也许要过多久才会……，故选B项。
6.【2015·安徽】23. ______ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.
A. Once B. Since C. Though D. Unless
【答案】C【解祈】考查状语从句。句意：尽管科学家对宇宙已经了解了许多，但是有许多我们仍然不能知晓的东西。A一旦；B既然，自从；C虽然；D除非。once和unless表示条件，since表示原因或时间；though表示让步或 转折。这里是转折含义，故选C。
7.【2015·安徽】34. ______ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
A. Where B. As C. In case D. Now that
【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。句意：在他曾经想要放弃的地方，他现在下定决心去争取进步继续前行。A.那里；B.尽管，当，因为，随着; C.以防；D.既然。where表示地点，引导地点状语从句；as引导让步状语从句常用倒装，即tried as he has; in case表目的；now that表原因。这里指让他感到想放弃的地方，故选A。
8.【2015·福建】31. ______ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.
A. While B. Unless C. Since D. Until
【答案】A【解析】考查连词。这里是while引导的让步状语从句。A尽管(引导让步状语从句)；B除非(通常用于条件状语从句)；C自从(引导时间状语从句)；D直到……才……(通常用在时间状语从句中)。结合句意：尽管学生都来自于不同的国家，但他们在夏令营里面都相处得很好。故选A。
9.【2015·湖南】33. ______ the job takes a significant amount of time. most students agree that the experience is worth it
A. If only B. After C. Although D. In case
【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句。A.If only要是……该多好啊(if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，因此，主要用在虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为“但愿”、“要是……该多好啊”等)B. After在……之后(用作连词是词，它引导的时间状语从句如果具有将来意义，往往要用一般现在时来表示(有时也用现在完成时)，而不能直接用一般将来时)C. Although虽然(表示“虽然”时，不要根据汉语习惯，在后面使用连词 but, 不过有时它可与 yet, still, nevertheless 等副词连用)D. In case万一，假使(引导条件状语从句)；句意：虽然那个工作要花大量的时间，但是许多学生都觉得这种经历是值得的。故选C。
10.【2015·江苏】26. It is so cold that you can’t go outside ______ fully covered in thick clothes.
A. if B. unless C. once D. when
【答案】B【解析】考查连词。句意：外面太冷了，你不要出去，除非穿上厚厚的衣服。A项“如果”；B项“除非”；C项“一旦”；D项“当……时候”。“unless fully covered”为“连词+省略结构”，补充完整为“unless you are”。故选B。
11.【2015·陕西】20. I believe you will have a wonderful time here ______ you get to know everyone else.
A. though B. as if C. once D. so that
【答案】C【解析】考查连词。句意：我相信一旦你了解了其他每个人，你将在这里玩得很开心。though虽然；as if好像；once一旦；so that为了。所以选C。
12.【2015·四川】6. There is only one more day to go ______ your favorite music group play live.
A. since B. until C. when D. before
【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句。选项A.意为自从；选项B.意为直到；选项C.意为当……时；选项D.意为在……之前。根据句意选择D。句意：就剩一天时间，你最喜欢的乐队将会来现场表演。
13.【2015·浙江】9. ______ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
A. Just as B. Even though C. Until D. Unless
【答案】A【解析】考查连词。句意：正如一个单词可以改变句子的意思那样，一个句子也能够改变一个段落的意思。A正如，B尽管，用于让步状语从句，C直到，D除非。分析逗号前后表达所使用的结构句式是相同的：word对应sentence, a sentence对应paragraph.这正好是一种对应，也就是正如的关系。故选A。
十二. 特殊句式
1.【2015·天津】3. Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home.
A. she realized B. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize
【答案】D【解析】考查倒装。句意：就在走进办公室的时候，莉莉才意识到她把合同给忘在家里了。本题考査only位于句首， 引导的时间状语从句，主句要主请倒装。根据时态和句意可知选D。
2.【2015·重庆】9. Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ______ his musical gift was fully recognized.
A. while B. though C. that D. after
【答案】C【解析】考查强调句。句意：马赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪他的音乐天赋才被人们完全地认可。强调句与not until 连用。It be not until that …故选C。
3.【2015·湖南】21. It was when we were returning home ______ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
A. which B. that C. where D. how
【答案】B【解祈】考查强调句。根据分析：此句是 It was...开头且去掉 It was后, when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.是一个完整意义上的句子，故判断此句是一个强调句，强调when we were returning home；强调句常用句型：It is(was)+被强调部分+that(vrho)...。句意：正是在我们回家的路上我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时感觉是多么令人愉悦。故选B。
4.【2015·湖南】23. Only after talking to two students ______ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered
【答案】B【解祈】考查倒装。副词only置于句首，强调方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等状语时，主句要进行部分倒菠。若被only所强调的状语为状语从句，该状语从句不倒装，只对主句进行倒装。句only作为副词砍在句首修饰时间状语after talking to nvo student，所以主句要进行部分倒装。部分倒装指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语前。若句中的谓语无助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语前。句意：在和两个学生谈话之后我才意识到拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素。故选B。
5.【2015·湖南】24. Video games can be a poor influence if ______ in the wrong hands.
A. to leave B. leaving C. leave D. left
【答案】D【解析】考查省略。一般来说，状语从句都比较完整。但是，在一些状语从句中存在的省略问题。此题的形式属于：连词(when,if,even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词 。完整的句子就是：Video games can be a poor influence if they are left in the wrong hands.句意：如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中就能产生一个不良影响。
6.【2015·湖南】31. Always ______ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
A. to keep B. to have kept C. keep D. have kept
【答案】C【解析】考查祈使句。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等。谓语动词一律用原形。句中常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或句号，用降调。根据分析，that your task is to get this company running smoothly作mind的同位语。Keep in mind记住，句意：请时刻牢记住：你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳地运作。这是个表请求的祈使句，选C。
十三. 交际用语
1.【2015·天津】1. —Sorry, Liz. I think I was a bit rude to you.
—______, but don’t do that again!
A. Go ahead B. Forget it C. It depends D. With pleasure
【答案】B【解析】考查交际用语。句意：—对不起，Liz。我想刚才我对你有点粗鲁。—算了吧，不过别再那样做了。A好吧，行啊；B算了吧，不必在意；C.那还得看情况而定；D乐意效劳。根据句意可知选B。
2.【2015·天津】4. —Jack, you seem excited. —______? I won the first prize
A. Guess what B. So what C. Pardon me D. Who cares
【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。句意：—杰克，你看起来很兴奋。—猜猜看？我在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。A猜猜看；B那又怎么样；C请问刚才你说的什么；D.谁管它呢。根据句意可知选A。本题考査日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项在语境中的具体运用，然后抓住关键答句“I won the first prize”就不难选出正确答案。应对日常交际用语考题，考生应首先需要摹握日常生活常见情景中的基本交际用语，然后判断该题所适用的情景场合，最后判断出正确答案。
3.【2015·重庆】5. —I can drive you home.
—______, but are you sure it’s not too much trouble?[
A. That would be great B. Don’t bother C. I’m afraid not D. Take care
【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。句意：—我搭载你回家。—太好了，但你确定没给你添麻烦吗？根据“are you sure it’s not too much trouble?”可知表示同意，故选A。
4.【2015·重庆】15. —Hello Jenny, can I see Ms. Lewis? —______. I’ll tell you’re here.
A. With pleasure B. Never mind C. You’re welcome D. Just a minute
【答案】D【解析】考查交际用语。句意：—你好，间妮，我能找一下路易斯女士吗？—请稍等，我给你叫她。根据语境可知是在打电话，故选D。With pleasure用于别人求你做事，而你乐意去做时；Never mind没关系，不用担心；You’re welcome不客气。
5.【2015·安徽】35. — How is your table tennis these days? Still playing?
—______. I just don't seem to find the time these days.
A. That’s right B. No, not much C. That’s great D. Don’t worry
【答案】B【解析】考查交际用语。句意：—你的乒乓球进展得怎样了？还在打吗？—没有，没怎么打了。这些天我似乎没空。A.是的，没错；B.没，没怎么打；C.真棒；D.别担心。故选B。
6.【2015·安徽】21. — Can you come to a party on Saturday, Peter?
— Oh, ______I'm already going out, I'm afraid.
A.what a pity! B. don't ask! C. how come? D. so what?
【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。句意：—皮特，你周六能来参加聚会吗？—噢，真遗憾！(到时候)恐怕我要外出。A真遗憾！；B别问了！；C怎么会？；D那又怎样？根据句意可知，这里指可能参加不了聚会，因此此处表示“遗憾”，故选A。
7.【2015·福建】35. —Hi, Dr Brown! I'm a little early. Should I wait outside? —No. ______.
A. That's right B. My pleasure C. Come on in D. Take it easy
【答案】C【解析】考查交际用语。A对了；B我的荣幸；C请进；D放松。该句意思为：—你好，布朗医生，我来的有点早，我应该在外面等么？—不，进来吧。结合语境来看，布朗医生并不觉得病人来得早，所以让病人进来了。故选C。
8.【2015·江苏】23. —Jim, can you work this Sunday?
—______? I’ve been working for two weeks on end.
A. Why me B. Why not C. What if D. So what
【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。句意：—Jim，周末你能加班吗？—为什么是我？我连续工作两周了。A为什么是我？”；B为什么不呢?；C要是……会怎样?；D那又怎么样?只有A项符合语境，故选A。
9.【2015·江苏】33. —Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he’s ______ .
A. an early bird B. a wet blanket C. a lucky dog D. a tough nut
【答案】B【解祈】考查英语俗语。句意：—为什么你没有邀请约翰出席你的生日聚会？—你知道的，他是个令人扫兴的人。A早起的鸟儿(比喻勤劳的人)；B扫兴的人或物；C幸运儿；D棘手的事情，难对付的人。故选B。
10.【2015·陕西】11. —Let’s go to the New Year’s Eve party, shall we?
—______ I guess it will be fun.
A. Forget it! B. No way! C. Why not? D. What for?
【答案】C【解祈】考查交际用语。句意：—让我们去参加除夕晚会，好吗？—好啊! 我想那一定很有趣。Forget it!“得了，忘了吧！”；No way! “没门”；Why not!“好啊，为什么不啊”；What for? “为了什么？”，所以选 C。
11.【2015·陕西】16. —Sir, could I hand in my homework a bit late?
— ______, since you’ve been unwell these days.
A. You can’t be serious B. I’m afraid not C. Good idea D. Well, all right
【答案】D【解析】考查交际用语。句意：—老师，我可以迟一些交我的作业吗？—好的，因为你最近身体一直不好。You can’t be serious你一定是开玩笑吧!；I’m afraid not恐怕不行；Good idea好主意；Well，all right好啊，行。所以选D。
12.【2015·四川】1. —Sorry, I forgot to lock the door. —______ Mike can do it later..
A.No way B. Take your time C. Nothing serious D. You're welcome
【答案】C【解析】考查交际用语。A没门；B慢慢来；C没什么大不了的； D不客气。此题上文意为：对不起，我忘了锁门；下文意为：问题不大，迈克稍后来关，根据语境选择C最为恰当。
13.【2015·浙江】1. —Hi, John. Are you busy? —______
A. Yes.I do agree. B. Yes.That would be nice.
C. No.Are you sure? D. No.What’s up?
【答案】D【解析】考查交际用语。句意：—嗨，约翰，你忙吧？—不忙，怎么了？ A是的，我同意。这种表达用于回答是否赞同的情况。B是的，这会很好。这种表达用于表达观点看法。C不，你确定吗？这种表达不确定时的再次询问。D不，怎么了？ 4个选项分别有两个是表肯定的回答，两个是表否定的回答。而在Yes或No之后，其中有两句是陈述语气，表肯定，还有两个是疑问句式，用于展开下一句话。
14.【2015·浙江】20. —Why don’t you consider a trip to, say, Beijing or Hangzhou?
一______.
A. I wouldn’t mind that B. Then we’ll get there quickly
C. Let’s call it a day D. It’s not a requirement
【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。句意：—为什么你不考虑旅行一下，比如说去北京或者是杭州? —(对于北京或者杭州)我是不会介意的。A我是不介意的， B然后我们可以快一点到那里，C我们今天就到这儿吧，D这不是要求。根据句意，所以选A。解答此题的关键是一定要正确理解句意以及答案的相关性。问题问的是旅游，而且涉及到了两个地方Beijing or Hangzhou，所以答案应该是跟旅游这件事有关的一种表达，A的不介意其实是对于北京或者杭州都不介意。根据句意B不用于这种旅游的情况。C是一个固定搭配的形式，它用于结束某一种对话。D中的it指代不明。
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