授课教师:卫老师
1. 简单句:
(1)定义:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句,如:We learn English . 我们学英语。(一个主语和一个谓语)
(2)分类:上次我们对简单句按照句子基本结构分出的5种类型做了阐述;另外,根据句子的功能或使用目的,简单句可分四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。
2. 并列句:
(1)定义:用并列连接词连接起来的两个或两个以上简单句叫做并列句。
(2)并列句的构成:简单句+连接词+简单句
(3)连接并列句常用的连接词:and , but , or , so , not only … but also , however , neither…nor , either…or , still等。
3. 主从复合句
(1)定义:主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是句子的主体,从句可视作句子的一个成分。从句在主从复合句中可起主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语作用。从句在全句中起什么作用,就叫什么从句。
(2)状语从句:状语从句在句中起状语作用,修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。在初中阶段我们主要学习了以下几种状语从句:
① 时间状语从句:常见引导词:when(当……时),as(一边……一边,当……时),while(在……过程中),before(在……以前),after(在……之后),since(自从……以来),till(until)(直到……,直到……才),as soon as(一……就……)等。
② 原因状语从句:常由because(因为),since(既然),as(由于)等连接词引导。
③ 地点状语从句:
常由where(在……地方),wherever(无论……在哪儿)等连接词引导。
④ 条件状语从句:常由if(假如,如果),unless(除非)等连接词或连接词组引导。如:
⑤ 比较或方式状语从句:常由as…as(像…一样),than(比),the…the(越……就越),as(正如),as if(似乎,好象)等引导。如:
⑥ 目的状语从句:常由so(使得),that(以便),so that(为了,使得),in order that(这样……就)等来引导。如:
⑦ 结果状语从句:常由so(结果),so that(结果),so…that(such…that)(如此……以致……)等连接词引导。如:
⑧ 让步状语从句:常由though(although)(虽然……但……),even if(即使),however(不管怎样),whatever(无论什么),no matter how(who…)(不管多么……)(无论谁……)等连接词或连接词组引导。如:
(3)定语从句:
(4)名词性从句:
【模拟试题】
主从复合句(一)
宾语从句:
1. She said she would leave the message on the headmaster’s desk .
A. that B. where C. which D. what
2. Could you tell me ? I’m his old friend .
A. where does Jim live B. when will Jim come back
C. where Jim has gone D. how is Jim
3. I’m sorry I can’t decide to do .
A. what B. how C. when D. where
4. I want to know Mother has put the presents round the Christmas tree .
A. when B. where C. whether D. that
5. He hasn’t decide .
A. if he’ll go on a trip to Hainan B. when will he go on a trip to Hainan
C. if he goes on a trip to Hainan D. when does he go on a trip to Hainan
6. Do you know the population of Shenyang ?
A. what is B. how much is C. what are D. how many are
7. I don’t know when . When he , I’ll let you know .
A. will he come , will come B. he will come , comes
C. he comes , will come D. does he come , comes
8. Do you know if back next week ? If he back , please let me know .
A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes
C. he will come , comes D. will he come , will come
9. —Can you guess if they to play basketball with us ?
—I think they will come if they free .
A. come , are B. will come , will be C. will come , are D. come , will be
10. —Do you know ? I’m going to see him .
—Sorry , I don’t know .
A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live
C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
11. Could you tell me ?
A. when shall we start B. who are you waiting for
C. where the bus station is D. why were you late
12. —What did your son say in the letter ?
—He told me that he the Disney World the next day .
A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit
13. You must remember .
A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say
C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said
14. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book .
A. that B. how C. what D. if
15. —Excuse me . Could you tell me get to the plane ?
—Certainly . Go straight along here .
A. how can we B. how we can C. when can we D. when we can
16. —Be careful ! Don’t break the bottles . Do you hear I said , David ?
—Yes , mum .
A. what B. that C. why D. if
17. —Do you know ?
—He’s Tom’s father .
A. who is he B. what he is C. what’s he D. who he is
18. I’d like to know .
A. when will he give back the tape
B. whether has he received higher education
C. that he has been busy
D. whether she will join in our English Evening
19. The students are studying hard , for they know .
A. what are they studying for B. what are they studying
C. what they are studying for D. why they are studying for
20. Will you please tell me ?
A. where Pudong Airport is B. how far Pudong Airport was
C. how can we get to Pudong Airport D. when was Pudong Airport built
21. —Where does he come from ?
—Pardon ?
—I asked where .
A. did he come from B. he came from
C. he comes from D. does he come from
22. Do you think an English film tomorrow night ?
A. is there B. there is going to have
C. there is going to be D. will there be
23. He told me a new bridge in his village the next year .
A. built B. will build C. will be built D. would be built
24. She said she hoped her soon .
A. him to see B. he would see C. him seeing D. he is seeing
主从复合句(二)
状语从句:
1. The mountain was steep few people in our city reached the top .
A. so , as B. so , that C. as , as D. too , to
2. Time passed quickly and three months went by we knew it .
A. when B. after C. before D. till
3. —What are you going to do in the future ?
—I’d like to be a doctor you are .
A. so B. as C. what D. when
4. He wait until the rain .
A. won’t , will stop B. won’t , stop C. will , stops D. will , will stop
5. Although I the truck for half a year , it still looks new .
A. have bought B. bought C. have had D. had
6. —Is David at school today ?
—No . He is at home he has a bad cold .
A. because B. if C. though D. until
7. We’ll climb Qianling Hills if it next Sunday .
A. won’t rain B. rain C. rainy D. doesn’t rain
8. Jim has been in the factory for two years he left school .
A. when B. since C. as soon as D. whether
9. he’s very young , he knows several languages .
A. Though , but B. Because , so C. Though , / D. Because , /
10. I was cleaning my room Tom called me .
A. when B. until C. while D. if
11. We will visit the Great Wall it doesn’t rain tomorrow .
A. until B. before C. as D. if
12. I was reading a newspaper he came in .
A. as soon as B. since C. while D. when
13. The little boy ate a big meal he said he wasn’t hungry .
A. if B. though C. because D. as
14. You’d better do it your mother did .
A. when B. as C. like D. because
15. Wang Lin will come to see you he reaches this city .
A. before B. since C. while D. as soon as
16. all the passengers are here . Why don’t we start at once .
A. As soon as B. After C. Now that D. When
17. I’ll come to see you I’m free next Sunday .
A. until B. after C. if D. before
18. I went to bed at ten I did my homework .
A. when B. because C. if D. after
19. —Mike wants to know if a picnic tomorrow .
—Yes . But if it , we’ll visit the museum instead .
A. you have , will rain B. you will have , will rain
C. you will have , rains D. will you have , rains
20. I don’t go to bed I finish my homework .
A. until B. when C. after D. since
21. I don’t know if it tomorrow . If it , I will not go finish .
A. rains , rains B. rains , will rain C. will rain , rains D. will rain , will rain
22. They were doing maths exercises I left .
A. before B. until C. when D. as soon as
23. Mr. Green doesn’t climb down the chimney until the children .
A. fall asleep B. were asleep C. go to bed D. are sleeping
24. I’ll catch up with Lucy before she the finishing line .
A. reach B. is reaching C. reaches D. will reach
主从复合句(三)
定语从句:
1. The picture has a house and flowers is the one I like best .
A. who B. which C. where D. whose
2. This is the man last night .
A. whom I saw him B. whom I saw
C. which I saw D. who I saw him
3. Do you know the man spoke just now ?
A. which B. what C. who D. whom
4. The result of the experiment was very good , we hadn’t expected(预料).
A. when B. that C. which D. it
5. A child parents are dead is called an orphan .
A. which B. his C. whose D. with
6. I will never forget the day we spent together last week .
A. that B. which C. / D. A, B and C
7. This is the very boy I have been looking for .
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
8. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .
—Is that the reason you had a few days off ?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
9. In fact the Sweden did not understand the three questions were asked in French .
A. where B. who C. in which D. which
10. The man teaches us Chinese is from Hunan .
A. that B. whom C. which D. /
11. I don’t like such a person often lies before your face .
A. what B. that C. as D. which
12. The trees were planted last year grow well .
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
13. He talked about the people and things interested him greatly during his stay here .
A. which B. that C. who D. they
14. The house the old man lives in was built in 1945 .
A. who B. that C. which D. Both B and C
15. He is not the man he used to be .
A. that B. whose C. which D. what
16. I lost the book my sister bought last week .
A. that B. which C. / D. A, B and C
17. He is one of the students who praised by the teacher .
A. were B. was C. have D. has
18. The village he lives is very beautiful .
A. in that B. in whom C. in which D. that
19. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month .
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking
20. Mary likes to eat food has chocolate in it .
A. that B. it C. those D. this
21. He wrote to me and told me everything he saw on the way to Beijing .
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
22. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks thousands of visitors every day .
A. which attracts B. which attract C. that attract D. it attracts
23. Which of the following sentence is right ?
A. He lost the bike his uncle bought it for him .
B. I hate people that talk much but do little .
C. This is the most interesting film which I have ever seen it .
D. The man that you met him in the street is from Beijing .
24. Can you tell me the name of the factory you visited last week ?
A. what B. that C. where D. when
[参]
(一)
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C
9. C 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. A
17. D 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. B
(二)
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B
9. C 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. C
17. C 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. A 24. C
(三)
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A
9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. D
17. A 18. C 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. B