2018届二轮复习 构词法在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练 学案(19页word版)

本讲不再赘述。

一、派生法

在一个词的词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法，即称作派生法。加在词根之前的词缀叫作前缀，加在词根之后的为后缀。

1．形容词变名词的后缀

2．动词变名词的后缀

3．动词、名词变形容词的后缀

4．表示“人”的名词后缀

在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：

5．表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀

6．变动词的前缀和后缀

转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。

三、合成法把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新的单词的构词法叫作合成法。以合成法构成的单词称作合成词，包括合成名词、合成动词、合成形容词、合成副词等。

1．合成名词

3．其他合成词

[随堂巩固训练]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．With the development (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious.

2．(2017·淮北市模拟)I’m so thankful (thank) that we had candles on hand that dark night.

3．(2017·湖北省七市联考)All of a sudden, my heart was filled with warmth (warm)．4．(2017·湖北省七市联考)I shared the photo and my unforgettable (forget) experiences with my friends.

5．(2017·西安市模拟)White tea is helpful in preventing cavities and building the strength (strong) of your teeth.

6．(2017·青岛市模拟)If you always go to bed and get up at about the same time, this will set a healthy (health) rhythm in your life.

7．(2017·河南省百校联盟质检)The soldiers stood about six feet tall, and each appeared to have his own personality (personal)．

8．There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off poisonous (poison) gases.

9．(2017·九江市模拟)Most pubs have no waiters — you have to go to the bar (吧台) to buy drinks.This may sound inconvenient (convenient), but English people are used to doing so.

10．(2017·皖南八校联考)If you’re looking for some new and creative (create) ways to improve your health, try FitTime.

11．(2017·唐山市调研考试)She asked me whether I would give a one-day lecture on stress management (manage) to 200 medical workers.

12．He looked so happy when he enjoyed the freedom (free) of running on the grass.

13．I bought her a bunch of colorful (color) sunflowers and tapped the envelope to it.

14．The high school boys love playing basketball, and it is a useful (use) way to release their study pressure (press)．

15．(2017·海口市调研测试)He always spoke the truth.And his judgment (judge) of men was good.

16．(2017·琼海市模拟)Moreover, both students and teachers have expressed their happiness (happy) with these courses.17．(2017·石家庄市一模)The book gives a detailed explanation (explain) of the origin, the processing skills and the classification of tea.

18．(2017·淮北市模拟)It was such a shock when they announced the winner (win) was Jim.

19．(2017·江南十校联考)The online books will be renewed and enriched gradually according to readers’borrowing habits and preference (prefer)．

20．(2017·厦门一中模拟)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of achievement (achieve)．

21．Keeping a diary in English is an effective (effect) way to improve our English writing ability.

22．(2017·淮北市模拟)Once following this routine, you will gradually see that you feel sleepy (sleep) when it’s 9 o’clock.

23．(2017·佛山市模拟)I believe my father is a talented (talent) man.He is decisive and efficient in doing things.

24．(2017·成都市模拟)Experts hope the whole society (social) pays more attention to the mental health of adolescents.

25．(2017·太原五中检测)If you have time, you should witness the true beauty (beautiful) of China’s landmark.

26．(2017·陕西师大附中模拟)I called the owner (own) of the restaurant and asked what was the matter with the man.

27．In an attempt to be open and friendly (friend), people in the United States smile a lot.

28．(2017·马鞍山市质检)But every driver who stopped to examine the note drove off without saying a word.There we were, helpless (help) and lost in China.29．(2017·长沙市联考)However, customers must be convinced the goods they receive are real, and that the supplier is reliable (rely)．30．(2017·宝鸡市模拟)It’s natural that young people are often uncomfortable (comfortable) when they are with their parents.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2017·成都市模拟)As we know, challenge as it was, it was very benefit to us.benefit→beneficial

2．(2017·成都市模拟)It reflected their lack of concern for the safe of both others and themselves.safe→safety

3．(2017·江南十校联考)To my happy, she could cook some delicious food for me.happy→happiness

4．(2017·海口市调研测试)I am so luck to have some friends who share the same interest with me.luck→lucky

5．(2017·深圳市模拟)My suggest is: Tell your parents that you want to be trusted.suggest→suggestion

6．(2017·淮北市模拟)We’re living in a world where we can never stress the important of sharing too much.important→importance 7．(2017·成都市模拟)I am confidence to take care of myself, wash the clothes, and clean the rooms, which I never did when at home.confidence→confident

8．(2017·西安市模拟)It was the first time I had lived away from my home, so I found it difficulty to fit in.difficulty→difficult

9．(2017·兰州一中模拟)Her disappointing look showed that she failed the exam again.disappointing→disappointed

10．(2017·山师附中模拟)Unluckily, he was the only one who finally got the job, because the manager decided to give the job to

whoever he believed was helpful.Unluckily→Luckily