弗朗西斯·培根是第一位英语随笔作家，其所著《论说文集》一书以短小精悍，文笔简洁，寓意深刻而备受人们的喜爱，并引起语言学界和文学界的广泛兴趣。尤以“论读书”、“论友谊”等文著称，并成为脍炙人口的佳作。常规的文学文体的分析着眼于从词汇、语法、修辞和篇章全面地对某一作者的文体特征进行分析，难以深层次地揭示其内在的语义特征；韩礼德所提出的以系统功能理论为基础的系统功能文体学则着眼于小句内部及句间语义关系的分析从而能更为清晰地揭示语篇深层次的语义文体特征，本文旨在通过将功能文体学与传统的文学文体研究框架二者点与面相结合进行综合研究，在多个层面上对文学文体做更为明确、更为系统的阐述。本文拟从文体学角度，特别是从系统功能文体角度结合两种研究方法之长，对这一文体学研究涉及极少的文体——论说文体进行分析。本文对在该《论说文集》的语篇创立过程中所涉及的意义的选择、组织及其篇章结构分别从词汇、语法和篇章角度进行了多层次分析。从而证明系统功能理论为文体分析提供了一套崭新的分析理论与方法，也为我们理解和欣赏文学语篇提供了科学依据。本文分为四章。第一章绪论概述了有关文体学的理论。其中简要介绍了文体及文体学的定义、现代文体学发展的四大流派并提出了文体学的分类；介绍了论说文的定义及弗朗西斯·培根所著《论说文集》一书的相关背景。第二章介绍了本文所采用的以韩礼德的系统功能理论为基础的功能文体学研究方法。他认为语言系统中的意义成分都是功能成分。所以可以说语言的意义系统都是由三种功能组成的，即概念功能，人际功能和谋篇功能，亦称为语言的三大元功能。其中语言的概念功能主要由及物性结构来体现；语言的谋篇功能主要由主述位结构、信息结构和衔接系统来体现。人际功能主要由语气、情态和意态来体现。语境层次的语场、语气和语旨三大特征与语义层次的概念功能、人际功能和篇章功能一一对应。而对语义层的选择则决定了对语法层的选择。哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文一第三章采用了利奇帅Ch）和肖特Ghort）所提出的分析文学文体特征范畴的核对清单为新研究框架对培概著《跳股》一书的文体特征进行研究，共包括五大类：词汇、语法、修辞格、上下文和衔接。在结合第二章的系统功能理论的基础上，从上述五个角度对培根所著的《论说文集》进行系统分析。首先从词汇层面分析了《湘文集》中词与词之间的关系。其次鹏法层面深入分析《湘文集》的语法特征，结合传统的文体学分析方法对《撤文集》中具有代新的复杂句子结构一松散句（又称塞尼加句式）进行分析。再次，从传统的修辞角度分析了《脏文集》中经常出现的几种典型的修辞方法：比喻、排比和倒装句式的运用。最后，从上下文和衔接层次上，结合韩礼德提出的主述位及主位推进理论以《论学习》为例对该文集进行了系统分析。本文旨在通过对培根的《论说文集》文体学特征的研究，从一个小小的侧面开辟一个理解和欣赏类似文体的新视角。Francis Bacon was the first English essayist, who entitled his collected masterpieces Essays, which arouse wide interest both in the linguistic circles and in the literary circles, such as Of Studies and Of Friendship are well known as his typical masterpieces. Bacon"s essays are noted for being concise, logical and consummate in style.The traditional stylistic approaches focus on the study of the stylistic features on the lexical level, the grammatical level, figure of speech, cohesion and co-context, which can hardly explore all the semantic features of Bacon"s Essays. With the assistance of Halliday"s systemic-functional theory which mainly deals with the internal structure of each clause and also the relationship between clauses, we may achieve a clearer and more systemic illustration about the semantic selection, organization of the construction of Bacon"s essays separately. This thesis provides a detailed analysis of essay, which is the least studied in modern stylistics, in terms of the systemic-functional theory and we try to combine the advantages of these two scientific approaches so as to offer a new perspective and an alternative to the stylistic study of similar literary texts.The thesis can be divided into four chapters. In Chapter One, relevant theories have been surveyed, including the varied definitions of style and stylistics,the four main trends of modern stylistics, a classification of stylistics and then some information about Bacon"s Essays has been presented.Chapter Two deals with the theoretical background of the thesis, which covers three systemic-functional stylistic approaches derived from Halliday"s systemic-functional theory. He believes that all the semantic components within the language system are functional components, which are also called three"metafunctions"-ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function. The ideational function can be realized by the transitivity analysis; the interpersonal function can be realized by mood and modality; and the textual function is realized by the Theme-Rheme structure, the information structure and the cohesion system. The contextual level contains the Field, the Tenor and the Mode, which are corresponding to the three "metafunctions" on the semantic level. The semantic choices determine the choices on the grammatical level.Chapter Three applies the checklist of stylistic categories (Leech and Short) as my framework to the study of the stylistic features of Bacon"s Essays, consisting of five categories: Lexical features, grammatical features, figure of speech, cohesion and co-context. First, on the lexical level, we study the relationships between lexical words according to various fields. Second, on the grammatical level, we further discuss the typical sentence structures (Senecan sentence or loose sentence structure) in Bacon"s Essays with the aid of traditional literary approaches. Third, simile and metaphor, parallelism, and inversion are the major traditional stylistic approaches in view of figure of speech which have been generally accepted by the author. Fourthly and lastly, on the level of cohesion and co-context, Halliday"s theories of Theme-Rheme, and the Thematic Progress have been put forward for the analysis of Bacon"s Of Studies as a sample.This thesis is a tentative effort to understand and appreciate the essays of Bacon from a new perspective and it will hopefully contribute to a better appreciation of literary texts of similar style.
