
1.1 定义
用于表达意愿、命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号或感叹号来表示结束,读时用降调。例:
Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。——命令)
Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.) (请安静。——请求)
Be kind to our sister. (对姊妹要和善。——劝告)
Look out!Danger! (小心!危险!——强烈警告)
1.2概念口诀
祈使句无主语,主语you常省去;
动词原形谓语当,句首加don't变否定;
朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号。
1.3表现形式
1.3.1肯定句
1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。
2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
1.3.2否定句
1.Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成:如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!
Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!
是系表结构——也就是没有行为动词但是有形容词的那种——使用Don't be 有行为动词的就不能这么用,只能用Don't
2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let +宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
1.4练习
一、将下列汉语翻译成英语。
1. 请照看好您的包。___________________.
2. 让我们去学校吧! ___________________!
3. 禁止在书上写字! ___________________!
4. 不要把书放这儿。___________________.
5. 不要让猫进来。___________________.
二. 选择填空
( )1 .Her doctor said: “________ work so hard”
A Stop B Don’t C Can’t D No
( )2. Jack, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock
A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure
( )3.________ when you cross the road.
A Do care B Care C Be careful D To be careful
( )4. ________him the secret.
A Don’t tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling
( )5. ________ in bed. It’s bad for your eyes.
A Not to read B Don’t read C Don’t to read D Not read
( )6. ________ Your child. We’ll look after him.
A Not to worry about B Don’t worry about
C Not worry for D Don’t worry with
( )7.You are very tired. ________ a rest.
A Not have B Do not have C Be have D Have
( )8 _____ in the street. It’s dangerous.
A. Not play B. Not to play C. Don’t play D. Don’t to play
( ) 9 ______ tell a lie.
A Be B Not C No D Don’t
( )10.Please ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard.
A not B don’t C aren’t D can’t
( )11. Please ______ me some money.
A. lend B. lending C. to lend D. be lend
( ) 12 ______ go to the bookshop.
A Let’s B Don’t let they C Let we D No let me
( )13 When you watch a film, please ________.
A quiet B be quiet C be quietly D quietly
( )14. _____ the boxes. You may use them later.
A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept
( )15.____ up early tomorrow!
A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got
