
第一课时
BEC写作概述
BEC写作简介:
写作考试与阅读共同进行,建议占用30分钟,写作分数占总成绩的25%。
1写作目的与要求
1 Can make notes that are useful to both him/herself and to colleagues.
2 Can write most letters he/she is likely to be asked to do; such errors as occur will not prevent understanding of the message.
更多的报名信息和成绩查询方法请上网了解:www.neea.edu.cn 教育部考试中心
2测试范围与选材
1、身份介绍 (Personal Identification)
2、 工作环境与日常事务 (The office,general business,environment and routine)
3、接待与闲暇活动 (Entertainment of clients,free time,relationships with colleagues and clients)
4、商务旅行 (Travel)
5、健康 (Health)
6、购买与销售 (Buying and selling)
7、公司结构、系统及程序 (Company structures,systems,processes)
8、产品与服务 (Products and services)
9、成果与成就 (Results and achievements)
其外,还会涉及其他的一般商务话题(Business issues)。
3测试题型分析
BEC初级考试写作部分的试题包括两项内容:第一项要求写一则30—40词的商务便函或商务便条;第二项要求写一篇60—80词的商务书信或商务报告。
下表是剑桥ESOL提供的考试说明列出的BEC初级考试写作部分的试题种类和格式。
| PART | Functions/Communicative Task | Input | Response | Register |
| 1 | Writing a note, message, memo or e-mail, for example to (re-)arrange appointments, ask for permission or give instructions | Rubric only plus layout of output text type | Internal communication 30 – 40 words | Neutral/ formal |
| 2 | Writing a letter, fax or e-mail, for example to apologise and offer compensation, make or alter reservations, deal with requests, or give information about a product | One piece of input which may be business correspondence (the medium may be a letter, fax or e-mail), internal communication (the medium may be a note, memo or e-mail), notice, advert. etc. (plus layout of output text type, unless a letter) | Business correspondence (the medium may be a letter, fax or e-mail) 60 – 80 words | Neutral/ formal |
注意:BEC不是单纯的英语考试,也不是考察商务知识。
对策:学习、模仿高水平的论文
例题:
Part One
●You have to organise an urgent meeting at 9am tomorrow with all the staff from your department.
●Write an email to the staff:
●saying when the meeting will be
●telling them where the meeting will be
●explaining what the meeting will be about
●Write about 30-40 words on your Answer Sheet.
注意区分英式拼写和美式拼写,BEC两者都接受。
英美语言书写上还有其他区别,比如日期表达、个别词义等。
注意时间的正确表达方法。如nine am, 9:00am, 15 o’clock等为错误用法。
注意题目当中有需要自己发挥的内容点。
相关词汇 meeting seminar conference convention
lecture, seminar, tutorial
reserve, book
conference organiser, hotel, conference centre
conference facilities: laser/inkjet printer, projector (Barco), photocopier (Xerox), telephone, fax machine, scanner, computer, internet connections
catering: dinner, buffet, tea
便函便条类题目的结构
Input: situation description
Task: memo, note, email
content points
Write: internal message (30-40 words)
注意:格式;发挥部分要确切
评分标准
| Task 1 | 分数 |
| 全部完成大体要求,包含所有内容点,阅读不费力。 | 5 |
| 很好完成答题要求,包含所有内容点,阅读需要一些努力。 | 4 |
| 答题令人满意,包含两条内容点 | 3 |
| 一条内容点也没能完成,和(或)有明显的遗漏或不相关内容 | 2 |
| 不能完成任务;没有提到内容点,内容几乎不相关,可能误解题目要求。 | 1 |
| 没有相关的回答或表达方式单一,不能给分 | 0 |
商务书信类
这一题型要求考生根据所提供的短文,如书信、传真、便函、留言条(电话留言条)等,起草一封书信,字数要求达到120—140词左右。
题目结构:
Input: 1 situation description
2 task
3 target reader
Reading: texts in note, letter, fax, memo + content points (handwritten notes; second letter)
Write: business letter (60-80 words)
注意字数问题
例题
Part Two
●Read this part of a letter from John Biggs, who is the president of a business club.
●Write a letter to Mr Biggs:
●accepting the invitation
●telling him the subject of your talk
●asking how long the talk should be
●enquiring whether accommodation will be arranged for you.
●Write 60-80 words on your Answer Sheet.
●Do not include postal addresses.
注意:1 适当发挥
2不要跑题
3 目标读者
4 不要抄袭
三种对策:
a 换句型
e.g. This rule applies in every case.
There are no exceptions to the rule. (肯定句变否定句)
b 换同义词
e.g. The arguments put forward by these two authors are nearly the same.
The views expressed by the two writers are almost identical.
c 改词性
e.g. The English language has had a major impact on developing other world languages.
Other world languages have been greatly affected by the English language in their developments.
第二课时
BEC写作的语言、语法
评分标准:
| 级别 | Task 2 | 分数 |
| 5 | 全部完成答题要求 ●包含全部4个内容点。 ●语言自信和有强烈的表达愿望;由于强烈愿望和没有阻碍而错误较少 ●多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。 ●有效地组织,适当的使用一些简单的连接方式。 ●语域和格式完全适当。 给读者的印象极佳。 | 9或10分 |
| 4 | 较好的完成答题要求 ●包含3或4条内容点。 ●有使用语言的强烈愿望;一些没有妨碍的错误。 ●结构和词汇范围超过要求。 ●大体上组织较好,注意前后呼应。 ●语域和格式总体来说适当。 给读者的印象良好。 | 7或8分 |
| 3 | 尚能达到答题要求 ●包含3条内容点。 ●出现一些错误,但不妨碍交流。 ●结构和词汇掌握范围适度。 ●组织和连贯性总体上令人满意。 ●语域和格式尚可,虽然并不完全成功。 给读者满意的印象。 | 5或6分 |
| 2 | 不能完全达到答题要求 ●包含了2或3条内容点。 ●大量错误,有时妨碍交流。 ●结构、词汇掌握范围有限。 ●内容条理不清、不连贯,造成理解困难。 给读者的印象不佳。 | 3或4分 |
| 1 | 未能达到答题要求 ●包含1或2条内容点。 ●严重不规范,经常出现基本错误。 ●题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。 ●缺乏组织,造成交流失败。 ●几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。 给读者的印象极差。 | 1或2分 |
| 0 | 什么要求也没完成。字数少于所需字数的25%,或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。 | 0分 |
评分五个方面:
1 content
2 language
3 structure & vocabulary
4 organisation
5 register
展开论述上面的5个方面
1 内容的完整性
2 语言
6C原则
1.准确(correctness)
包括四层意义,即阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平;使用精确措词,传达准确信息;正确地使用语法和标点符号;拼写正确。
(1)恰当的语言风格
请比较下面两组例词:
| Formal | Informal |
| approximately inquire ascertain obtain assist participate construct purchase contribute sufficient difficult utilize | About Ask find out receive help share build buy give enough hard use |
下面列出的是一系列极易混淆的单词及词组,请注意区分:
a lot / allot
all right / alright
cannot / can not
different from / different than
. due to / because of
effect / affect
fewer / less
lie / lay
principal / principle
that /which
their / them / they' re
wait for / wait on
who / whom
(3)正确的语法和标点符号
2.清楚(Clarity)
(1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization)
常用的逻辑布局方法包括:
①因果关系(Cause & Effect)
②时间顺序(Chronological Development)
③序列顺序(Sequential Development)
④比较(Comparison)
⑤一般到特殊(From General to Specific)
⑥特殊到一般(From Specific to General)
(2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs)
例句:
修改前: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals.
修改后: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals.
(3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence)
(4)强调(Emphasis)
①位置
②重复
③数量
④技巧
(5) 将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近。
比较下面三对句子:
A. They bought a bicycle in Beijing in a small shop which costs $ 25.00.
They bought a bicycle for $25.00 in a small shop in Beijing.
B. He was warned not to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boiled.
He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled.
C. Those who work rapidly get ill in these conditions.
Those who work in these conditions rapidly get ill.
(6) 避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。
We shall take a firm line with the firm.
We shall take a strong line with the film.
3.简洁(Conciseness)
A. We have begun to export our machine to countries abroad.
We have begun to export our machines.
B. In the event that you speak to Mr. Wood in regard to production, ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule.
If you speak to Mr. Wood about production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule.
C .We require furniture which is of the new type.
We require new-type furniture.
(1)使用简洁的语言(Use simple language)
尽量使用 避免使用
please will you be good enough to
prefer express a preference for
because for the reason that
(2) 少用陈词滥调(Omit trite expressions)
as the case may be
it has come to my attention
at an early age
avail yourself of this opportunity
previous to
crack of dawn
pursuant to your request
take the liberty to
due to the fact that
thanking you in advance
enclosed herein
this is to inform you
under separate cover
with kindest regards
I wish to state
(3)避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)。 Wordy Concise
1. We would like to please
2. For the month of August for August
3. Pursuant to the end of this week now
4. A long period of time a long time
5. At this time now
6. Is at this time is
7. The weight was higher than the weight was greater than
8. I expected it to be expected
9. During the year of 1995 during 1995
10. For the development of for developing
11. In the city of Dallas in Dallas
12. The problem was that the car would not the car would not start
start
13. Square in shape square
14. in accordance with your request you requested
15. Sign on the front of this form sign this form
16. During the time that while
17. Consensus of opinion we agree
18. Remember the fact that remember
19, Held a meeting met
20. this is the situation at this time now
(4)删改无关紧要的成份(Remove unneeded facts)
A. It should be noted that this is the best we can do,
B. For your information we enclose a catalogue.
C. Please be advised that we have received your invoice.
1. as soon as possible by July 10
2. as you indicated in your letter as you indicated
3. at all times always
4. at this time now
5. continue to utilize the old form until start using the new form on February
such time as the new form is available
6. despite the fact that despite
7. for the month of April for April
8. for obvious reason that because
9. I would ask that you please
I0. in conjunction with with
11. in the mere recent past recently
12. in the unlikely event that if
13. in the unlikely event that I am unable to if I am late, please delay the meeting
be on time, please delay the meeting
14. in view of the fact that because
15. it will be greatly appreciated if you please
16. our production of the new product will production will begin on July 1
commence on July 1
17. please be advised that we expect you to please review the contract
review the enclosed contract
(5) 多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。
Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week.
Johnsons will pay their accounts next week.
4.具体(Concreteness)
(1)尽可能地提供明确、具体的信息。
A. These brakes can stop a car within a short distance.
These Goodson power brakes can stop a 2-ton car within 24 feet.
B. We hope the equipment will be delivered to our company as soon as possible.
Please deliver the equipment to our company before next Friday.
C. She is a fast typist.
She types at the fast rate of 85 words per minute.
(2) 使用具体词汇
A. We have no hesitation in advising you…
We advise you…
B. The preparation of new price scale is in hand.
New price scales are being prepared this week.
C. Due to the unusual nature of the request,…
As the request is unusual,…
a great deal of time, bad, large, good, small, around, old, convenient, young, little, majority, minority, most, less
5.完整(Completeness)
自查:谁(Who)? 什么(What)? 什么时候(When)? 在哪里(Where)? 为什么(Why)? 怎么样(How)?
6.礼貌(Courtesy)
例如:
Dear Mrs. Walters,
Because you delayed so long in your response, Model GSF is off stock. If you are interested, we have some similar models on hand
Yours truly,
修改:
Dear Mrs. Walters
If I had known your needs before May 20, I could have shipped Model GSP immediately. However, the spring sale drained our stock.
The Model GSK, a similar instrument, is in stock, and you could have it at the same price as the GSF. It normally sells for $10,000 more. we will ship it as soon as you give us the word.
Yours sincerely
(1)使用礼貌友好的词汇
A. 说“Thank you" , 例如:
Thank you for your letter of yesterday.
Thank you for your prompt reply.
Thank you for helping us in this respect.
Thank you for your information.
(2)体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attitude)
Writer emphasis: We are shipping your order on Friday.
Reader emphasis: You will receive your order by Monday, October 10.
Writer emphasis: To reduce our costs, we are changing the billing system.
Reader emphasis: To provide you with clear records, we are changing our billing system.
Writer emphasis: I was pleased to hear that the project was completed.
Reader emphasis: Congratulations on successfully completing the project
Writer emphasis: We regret that you closed your account with us a week ago. We believe that people may come back to our bank again sooner or later since we have a good credit among our customers.
Reader emphasis: A week ago you closed your account with us. Whatever the reason, we are pleased to have played some small part in your program. You are cordially invited to use our 'other services as occasion may require.
(3) 措辞得体(Appropriate Wording)
a.避免采用消极性的词汇或句式
Negative Wording: The office is closed after four O'clock,
Positive Wording: The office is open until four O'clock.
Negative Wording: When I received your complaint, I checked our records.
Positive Wording: When I received your letter, I checked our records.
Negative Wording: Because you failed to connect the cable, the picture was blurred.
Positive Wording: The picture was blurred because the V-2 cable was not connected to the terminal.
Negative Wording: You did not read my recent letter.
Positive Wording: Please refer to my June 10th letter.
Negative Wording: The Executive Board did not receive notification.
Positive Wording: Several members of the Executive Board inquired about the time of our December meeting. Will you please send them a follow-up?
Negative Wording: Your letter was not clear,
Positive Wording: I would appreciate an outline of our marketing differences that you mentioned in your October 14th letter.
b.有失礼貌的言词
We deny your claim complaint
We do not believe confusion
We are not sure contrary
We find it difficult to understand contrivance
We expect delinquent
We insist deny
We are forced disagreeable
We take issue exasperate
You forgot failure
You neglected ignorance
You failed to impatience
You misunderstood incompetent
You must incredible
You should know inexcusable
You do not have inference
You are delinquent insincere
You insist that insinuate
You did not say insulting
Your ignoring intolerable
Your credit refusal irresponsible
Your recent complaint irritated
Your failure to lack
Your misunderstanding neglect
Your neglectful attitude objection
Your disregard for obnoxious
Your insinuation offensive
Your lack of communication unbelievable
Your delinquent account uncooperative
(4)避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语
A.用“person”代替第三人称单数。
例如:
Instead of: Please share this report with your supervisor. He will find it interesting.
Say: Please share this report with your supervisor, who will find it interesting.
B.有一些常用的商务英语词汇有性别歧视之嫌,应该稍加改变。
| Instead of | Say |
| Businessman Businessmen Chairman Foremen Salesman Spokesman Stockboy Workman | business person employees chairperson supervisors sales representative / sales person spokesperson stock clerk employee / worker |
例:We will examine your camera to determine the shutter-response problem and have it back to you within three weeks, if repairs axe needed, I will call you for approval to make the repairs.
例:Mr. Smith is out of the office until the end of the month. I am sure he will be able to provide you with all of the information you requested when he returns.
语法
常见的词的语法形式错误主要表现在如下几个方面:
1、名词(包括词组或短语)单、复数变化
名词的单、复数变化主要影响谓语数的形式,这是在短文写作中常见的一种错误。
例 误:Many kinds of aircrafts were involved in the attack of the harbor.
正:Many kinds of aircraft were involved in the attack of the harbor..
分析:有些名词的单、复数相同。像这样的名词还有sheep, deer, fish, trout, means, Chinese, works (工厂) 等。
2、搭配错误
词的搭配错误主要指名词、动词形容词与介词搭配错误。
例 误:We are paid in the month but they are paid in the day.
正:We are paid by the month but they are paid by the day.
分析:pay somebody by the month or by the day属固定搭配,意为“按月(按日)付酬”。再如:Eggs are sold by the dozen. (鸡蛋论打卖)
3、动词的语法错误
动词的语法错误涉及动词的及物性和不及物性、动词的时态变化、动词的延时性和瞬时性、动词的同义性以及动词的语态特征等。
例 误:The man dressing a black jacket is wearing a boy.
正:The man wearing a black jacket is dressing a boy.
分析:上面这句话不仅反映了动词的搭配关系,而且同时也反映了动词的延时性特征。Dress常用的结构是:be dressed in, dress oneself in和dress somebody(给某人穿衣服),既可以表动作,也可以表状态。而wear一词只能表示状态,而不能表示动作。
4、副词用法错误
副词用法错误主要涉及到一些容易混淆的副词,
例 误:He spent sometime working in the garden every day.
正:He spent some time working in the garden every day.
分析:sometime是个副词,意为“在任何时候,在不固定的某个时候”(at one time or anther, at some indefinite time).some time是个名词短语,意为“一些时间”。Sometimes意为“有时、间或”(at times, now and then).再如:I shall go to see sometime next month . (我下个月某个时候将去看她。) He smokes sometimes . (他有时抽烟)
第三课时
句子应用方面的语法错误主要体现在以下几个方面:
1. Sentence fragments 句子片断
原句:
Scientists report no human deaths due to excessive caffeine consumption. Although caffeine does cause death in certain animals.
改正:
[2nd sentence = fragment]
Scientists report no human deaths due to excessive caffeine consumption, although caffeine does cause death in certain animals.
2. Sentence sprawl
The hearing was planned for Monday, December 2, but not all of the witnesses could be available, so it was rescheduled for the following Friday, and then all the witnesses could attend.
改正:
The hearing, which had been planned for Monday, December 2, was rescheduled for the following Friday so that all witnesses would be able to attend.
3. Misplaced and dangling modifiers
When writing a proposal, an original task is set for research.(错位)
改正:
When writing a proposal, a scholar sets an original task for research.
原句
Many tourists visit the National Cemetery, where military personnel are buried every day from 9:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m.
改正:
Every day from 9:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m., many tourists visit the National Cemetery, where military personnel are buried.
4. Faulty parallelism
The candidate's goals include winning the election, a national health program, and the educational system.
改正:
The candidate's goals include winning the election, enacting a national health program, and improving the educational system.
原句:
Some critics are not so much opposed to capital punishment as postponing it for so long.
改正:
Some critics are not so much opposed to capital punishment as they are to postponing it for so long.
5. Unclear pronoun reference
Einstein was a brilliant mathematician. This is how he was able to explain the universe.
改正:
Einstein, who was a brilliant mathematician, used his ability with numbers to explain the universe.
原句:
Because Senator Martin is less interested in the environment than in economic development, he sometimes neglects it.
改正
Because of his interest in economic development, Senator Martin sometimes neglects the environment.
6. Incorrect pronoun case
Castro's communist principles inevitably led to an ideological conflict between he and President Kennedy.
改正:
Castro's communist principles inevitably led to an ideological conflict between him and President Kennedy.
第三讲 BEC写作的文章组织和文体
连贯和衔接
(一)连贯 (coherence)
常见连接词有:
1表示罗列增加
First, second, third,
First, then / next, after that / next, finally
For one thing … for another…,
On (the) one hand…on the other hand,
Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,
Especially / In particular,
2表示时间顺序
now, at present, recently,
after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,
at first, in the beginning, to begin with,
later, next, finally,
immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment
form now on, from then on,
at the same time, meanwhile,
till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,
3表示解释说明
now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover
furthermore, in fact, actually
4表示转折关系
but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other
hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,
5表示并列关系
or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor
6表示因果关系
because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that
7表示条件关系
as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless
8表示让步关系
though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever,
whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)
9表示举例
for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example
10表示比较
be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as,
11表示目的
for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,
12表示强调
in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,
obviously, above all,
13表示概括归纳
in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion,
(二)衔接 (cohesion)
1返指(referring back)
例:Davis opened a door. “Here is your room. I am afraid it is a bit untidy.” He picked a dirty handkerchief off the floor and stuffed it in a drawer.
The keeper came loping softly up the lane with the dog padding at his heels and we watched them through the hedge as they went by.
I held her very close. My cheek was against hers.
例:The women were asked to leave. Some of them refused.
The earthquake killed 24,000 people and insured 77,000.
例:A man and a woman were struggling up the dune. The man wore shorts. The woman wore a print dress.
2预指(referring forward)
有多种方法可用来指代将要提及的事务。
例如:This chapter will follow the same pattern as the previous one.
In the next chapter, we will examine this theory in detail.
The overlap can be seen in the table below.
3省略(Ellipsis)
例如:They can distinguish finer detail than we can.
例如:They would stop if they could.
I never did go to Stratford, although I probably should have.
例如:I think we want it more than they do.
例如:At last he agreed to do what I asked him to.
文体:
非正式文体
Thanks for your letter. I got it 14 Sept. I’ve sent a copy to comp HQ along with a memo re your financial situation. I’ve set a meeting for 3 Oct at 11am to talk about another bank loan. So, please let us know if you can make it a.s.a.p.
But we might ask you a few things to do with your inc. and exp. before giving you a loan. Also I need to get in touch with the GM to okay it. Plus, we’ll first have to think about the last time you didn’t keep p with payments.
Anyway, in the mean time, you need to fill in this business plan. Bring it to the meeting with you.
正式文体
Thank you for your letter received 14 September 2002. A copy has been sent to the company headquarters in addition to a memorandum concerning your financial situation. A meeting has been scheduled for 3 October 2002 at 11am to discuss your request for a further bank loan. Therefore, please inform us of your availability for this meeting at the earliest opportunity.
However, a number of issues concerning your income and expenditure may be queried prior to a loan being granted. Furthermore the General Manager needs to be contacted in order to authorise bank loans of this nature. Moreover, your previous failure to meet payment arrangements will first have to be considered.
Nevertheless, in the interim you are required to complete the enclosed business plan, which should be brought to the meeting.
e.g. I’m keen on British history
I am particularly interested in British history.
e.g. I’m sorry, I can’t come.
I regret to inform you that I will be unable to attend.
关于选词,见活页。
关于文体,还应该注意:
从来不要用And引导一个句子。
不需要括号
不要缩写
不要引用
不要one-word sentence.
不要使用口语谚语、不要使用比喻
不要使用修辞性的句子。
培养一般写作技能
BEC写作考试与现实商务生活中的写作关系密切。首先,请读者考虑一下:您在日常商务活动中都写那些东西?能列出一份关于您写的东西的清单吗?
然后,结合您的商务写作实践,请再思考下面的问题。
1.Who are you writing for?
Writing is a form of communication between the person who writes and the person who will read the text. Therefore, there are always a minimum of two people involved - the writer and the target reader. In the Writing paper, students will always be asked to produce a piece of writing with a specific target reader in mind.
2.Why are you writing?
We write for a variety of reasons: to request, to complain, to inform, to recommend, to propose, etc. The wording of each question in the Writing paper makes the reason for writing clear.
3.How can you learn to write appropriate texts?
There are established writing conventions which most writers normally follow. These affect layout, style, register, etc. (for example, formal letters conventions or business reports). We learn these conventions at college or work, and often learn by following guidelines and models. Students can and should be taught the conventions for each type of writing by being shown good models and guidelines and by practising the different types of writing which may appear in the exam.
推荐使用剑桥BEC真题集
4.How can you learn to organise your writing?
Before writing (as opposed to speaking), we usually have time:
1.to plan what we want to say
2.to organise the information in a logical manner
3.to decide how we are going to express ourselves
Students should be aware of the importance of these different stages and to use them to their advantage.
5.How can you improve a written text?
After writing, we should build in time to edit our texts (e.g. make improvements and corrections). Students should learn and practise this skill.
做题步骤
read—plan—write—check
时间安排
task 1: 10min (2+7+1)
task 2: 20 min (4+14+2)
段落
Block Version( 平头式 )
6 May 2004
Director, Administration and General Services division
(Human Resources Section)
World Trade Organization
Centre William Rappard
254 rue de Lausanne
1211 Geneva 21
Switzerland
Dear Director,
I am writing to apply for the WTO internship programme which is posted on the WTO website. Please find enclosed the following documents for my application:
1.A completed application form;
2.A copy of my CV.
I am a BCL student at the University of Oxford and will finish my studies this summer. The BCL is a highly demanding postgraduate course, but rewarding as it is providing me with a deeper understanding of the field in which I wish to practise, namely trade and commercial law in an international context. It has also added my interest in pursuing a legal career with an international organization.
What attract me to the WTO internship programme are your international standing and reputation, and the multilateral trading working environment. An internship with the WTO would certainly help me to gain deeper knowledge about the work of WTO and develop my professional as well as non-professional skills.
Thank you for processing my application. If any more material is required, please contact me directly. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Peter Halford
Indented Version ( 缩行式 )
October 30,2005
Messers Samson Ghadban Co., Ltd.
15 Horns Avenue,
Tripoli Lebanon.
Dear Sir or Madam:
Thank you for replying so promptly to our enquiry for lightweight extinguishers and also for your offer to arrange a demonstration.
Our general manager and our office manager will both be able to meet Mr Burton at any time during the morning or afternoon of Thursday, November 10th. It would be helpful if Mr Burton would write or phone to let us know at what time we may expect him.
Yours faithfully,
John Black
标点符号(Punctuation)
The manager said his agent is quite reliable.
The manager, said his agent, is quite reliable.
(1) 逗号(comma)
逗号是商务英语写作中最常用,也是最容易用错的标点符号之一。逗号用于分隔句中的各种语言成分,并表示一个停顿,一般用于以下几种情况:
i 分隔一系列关系相当的词:
A. We export raw silk, silk piece goods, and silk garments.
B. He is a competent, hardworking, trustworthy salesperson.
ii 分隔从句:
A. If you prefer, we can replace the damaged ware with new ones.
B. Not long ago, we visited your Carpet Minifair.
C. If you confirm your order this week, we can supply the nuts you require.
iii 分隔日期与阿拉伯数字:
On June 4, 1985, 30 refugees arrived there.
45,876,000
iv 用于书信中的日期,姓名,地址,信头敬称和结尾敬称:
4 March, 1987
C. Martin, President
C. Martin, Ph. D.
930 Walnut Street, Maryville, MO 468,U. S. A.
Dear Sirs,
Sincerely yours,
需要指出的是,现代商务书信写作趋向简单,经常省略信文以外所有的逗号和其没引功能的标点符号,英文中称之为“open punctuation”,如:
February 4 1967
T B Gartside
15 Normanshire Court Southport
Dear Sirs
Yours faithfully
(2) 句号 (period)
i 句号是放在句尾的符号,表示一句话结束:
I look forward to your reply.
ii 句号还用于缩写字母,如:
Mr. C.O.D. U.S.A.
注意,不是缩写形式的符号后面不能用句号,如$,3rd, &
(3) 冒号(colon)
i 冒号主要用于列举事物,引用话语或进行解释,如:
A. Our activities can be divided into three categories: production, marketing, and distribution.
B. We deal in the following commodities: carpets, rugs, tents and woollen hand-woven articles.
ii 冒号还用在“as follows”或“the following"的后面。如:
We are making you an offer as follows:
Item No: A-09
Quantity: 30 tons
Price: US $ - per ton FOB China Port
Packing: In bags
Payment: To be made by irrevocable L/C.
大写(Capitalization)
大写出现在以下几种情况中:
(1)专有名词(proper nouns),包括月份,星期,公司,城市,国家,民族以及人称代词I等。
On Monday, April 4, I will meet with Mr. Todd, the president of our Australian subsidiary in Sydney.
(2)标题(title)
May I borrow the book Marketing in Europe?
He published an article called "For the Impossible."
He was reading “Night and Day" when I called.
(3)职务,职称,头衔以及组织的名称:
I met Professor Browning in Beijing in May.
He left the Oriental Company not long ago.
(4)在商务书信中,重要的字词常常被大写以引起读信人的注意:
We are interested in your Model AE-8 Electric Heaters.
(5) 商务英语写作中的副标题与小标题也需大写。
数字(Numbers)
在商务写作中,数字往往以阿拉伯数字形式表示,这样在文章中可以较为醒目。但是,在有些情况下,数字必须用英文拼写出来。
(1)数字在句首要被拼写出来:
Twenty cases were missing.
Four overseas offices of our company received the invitation.
但是,表示年份的数字,如1993,1976,在句首时,则不必用英文拼写。
(2)一般来说,0-100的数字要用英文拼写,100以上的数字则用阿拉伯数字表示。不过,当一个句子中出现两个以上的数字时,要使它们一致起来。如:
We bought two bedroom suites and one hundred wall units.
They ordered 55 desks, 110 chairs, and 3 blackboards.
(3)用阿拉伯数字表示日期、时间、量度、页数、地址、百分比、小数等等。如:
May 4,19 5: 40 AM 100. mm
$ 45 78 tons page 8
18 Park Avenue 1- 1/2 8 percent
(4)大多数情况下,序数词要被拼写成英文:
the twentieth century
our eleventh anniversary
Fifth Avenue
缩写(Abbreviation)
缩写在商务英语写作中有它独特的意义。前面我们也提到过,商务英语写作要求简洁扼要。对于从事商务活动的人来说,时间都是十分紧迫的,而缩写形式最能节省时间和精力,因此认识并学会使用缩写词汇,对于学习商务英语写作的人来说是非常必要的。但有一条需铭记在心,即不要过多地使用缩写形式。在没有把握的情况下,一定要写出词汇的完整形式。本章最后总结了部分常用商务英语缩写,供读者参考。
(1) 商务英语中常用的几种缩写形式:
1置于人名前后,表示身份、职衔、学位等,如:
Dr. Mr. Jr. Sr. M.D. Ph. D.
2表示商业企业名称,如:
Co. Ltd. Inc. Bro.
3表示时间,如
B.C. A.D. A.M. p. m
4表示组织名称,一般由首字母组成,如:
UNESCO NATO
⑤合成方位词,如:NW(Northwest),SE(southeast)
⑥常用的拉丁词,如:
etc. i.e. e.g.
(2) 商务英语中不应使用缩写的地方:
1某些头衔,如:
president, superintendent, governor, manager,
honourable, principal, director等等。
②星期、月、季节,如:
不要写The 31st of Jan is a Fri.
应写The 31st of January is a Friday.
③街道地址,如:
14 Centre Boulevard
213 Spring Street
④国名、城市名,如:
Brussels Belgium Birmingham England
第四课时
商务便函与便条
(一)商务便函
一般公司企业往往都印有按照自己公司风格的商业便函,请看下列例子:
Memo
To:(收信人)
From:(发信人)
Date:(日期)
| Subject:(事由) |
| Message:(正文) |
| Memo | |
| To:(收信人) Company:(分公司) Dept:(部门) Location & Ext:(地址与分机号) Subject: | From: Company: Dept Location & Ext: Date: |
| Message: | |
1、Memo: Memo是Memorandum缩写,因此也可以用Memorandum,此外还有Internal Memorandum和Interoffice Memorandum,其意思都是一样的。
2、To:这一标题后面应写收信人的姓名与职衔,姓名前可以用尊称或不用,如:
To:Mr. John Smith,Sales Manager
3、From:这一标题后应写发信人的姓名与职衔:职衔可根据需要决定写或不写,但姓名前不要用尊称。
4、Date:日期的写法同书信里日期写法的要求完全一样,不要用数字来表示月份。
5、Subject:这一标题后是写事由的,即用一个或几个词汇简单概括便函的内容,以便查阅。事由必须简洁明了,不要用完整的句子,如:
Changes in Travel Advance Form
Promotion of Staff
Vacation Schedule
Participation in Training Programmes
6、Message
商务便函还可以根据实际需要在末尾增加发信人的姓名首字母、附件、副本抄送等。
例
SCHOOL OF ENGLISH FOR BUSINESS
MEMORANDUM
To: Mr. Kingswick, Course Coordinator
From: Barnsby Campbel
Date: 19 November, 1995
Subject: Lesson Plan for 28 November Lecture
I intend to teach memo writing in my next lecture. I plan to cover the following plans:
1. Inside Address
This is omitted in a memo. As internal communication the reason is obvious.
2. Greeting
It is mere polite to put Mr., Mrs. or Ms before and the office after the name of the recipient You may sometimes address the readers as a group.
3. Subject
This is a phrase to tell the reader what the memo is about. Sometimes only the phrase is given without the word Subject before it.
4. Body
These should be short, less than 10 lines, and concentrate on only one paragraph one idea each: Sometimes for memos with three or more paragraphs, it is advisable to begin each with a heading in capital letters to tell what the paragraph is about. Another practice is numbering the paragraphs for easy reference later on.
5. Carbon copy
This is written as c.c. for short. As in a letter, it lists the persons who are also receiving the memo.
6. Signature
Only the initial is needed, The office and name in print of the writer are omitted. In more casual memos there is no signature at all.
Any thought on my notes? Anything to add? Let me know at tea break.
| c. c. Mr. P.L. Ducke, Training Officer |
商务便条一般由四个组成部分:日期、称呼、正文、签名。一些公司有印好的便条笺。如:
| Message |
| To: Date: Message |
| Telephone Message For: From: Tel.: Message: Action required: Please call back Caller will call back later No action required Message taken by: Date Time |
9 a. m.
Miss Wang ,
I've got an urgent meeting today. Please contact the applicants to postpone the interviews till further notice.
| DS |
范文
1.The filing cabinets you require are now available from stock. We will deliver in our own transport on 19 August. Please advise if they are needed more urgently. You could arrange collection by your own carrier if desired.
2.I am sorry to tell you that we can only send half of the computer paper that you ordered, which was delivered yesterday. This is because of the supplier’s problem. We will deliver the rest to you immediately when we get supply form the factory.
3.Please note our water supply will be turned off tomorrow between 9:00 am and 12:00 noon. Staff may go to the toilet in the reception hall on the ground floor. We apologize for any inconvenience that may cause.
4.We need 2 normal bags of computer paper for the duplication of materials used in the new staff-training programme. We need them before this Friday, 14 October. Can you manage it? The maximum you can spend is $ 20.
5.To: all graphic staff,
Sales have fallen recently because, although our packaging is functional, it is unattractive. I think we should develop new and appealing designs. Could you please attend a meeting in the boardroom at 10:00 am tomorrow to discuss this matter?
6.To: All Section Heads
There are eight vacancies on training courses being given in May and June. The courses provide useful training for junior staff in computers, time management and other aspects of modern office work. Could you kindly recommend suitable staff?
7.I have recently received some complaints about the quality of our shirts from the retailers. They should be carefully dealt with. If a retailer finds our shirts unsatisfactory, we should collect and replace them without delay. Please make sure this is carried out.
小作文的类型包括以下6个类型
1告知信息——不需要回复
2求助申请——需要回复
3布置安排——上级给下级 使用祈使句结尾
4解释道歉
5询问信息
6建议推荐——祈使句结尾
告知信息类
例题
●You have to organise an urgent meeting at 9am tomorrow with all the staff from your department.
●Write an email to the staff:
●saying when the meeting will be
●telling them where the meeting will be
●explaining what the meeting will be about
●Write about 30-40 words on your Answer Sheet.
范文1
I am writing to inform you that there will be an urgent meeting tomorrow at 9 o’clock in the meeting room. We will be discussing the new trade trends. Please come on time.
范文2
To: All staff
There will be an urgent meeting about our new product at 10am tomorrow in the new conference room. I hope you can all come on time.
相关词汇:告知用词
tell inform notify explain note report mention express advise
I am writing to tell/inform you that…..
I am writing to explain…. (tell your boss why you cannot attend)
I am writing to express (my regret)
例题
Your company has just received the brochures of a new client company.
Write a note to the Marketing Manager:
●telling her that the brochures have arrived;
●saying which departments they are in;
●asking her to collect her copies immediately.
Write about 30-40 words.
范文:
I am writing to inform you that the brochures of Allen and Overy, our potential client, has just arrived. They are now in the Public Relations Department. Please collect your copies at the earliest opportunity
求助申请类
例题
●You are attending a conference in the USA next week and will need secretarial help during the trip as your PA is away on holiday.
●Write a memo to the Human Resources Manager:
●requesting a temporary PA for the trip
●explaining why your PA cannot go with you
●giving the dates of the trip.
●Write about 30-40 words on your Answer Sheet.
范文1
I am writing to request the assistance of a temporary PA. I will attend a conference in the USA next week on 26 and 27 July. My PA is on leave now. Could you please arrange a temporary PA for me?
范文2
To: Human Resources Manager
From: John Jones
I’m attending a Conference in the USA next week on 18th and 19th March and my PA is on leave so could you arrange a temporary PA for the trip?
注意口气:比较open the door;
please open the door;
could you please open the door?
I would be grateful if you could open the door for me.
I would appreciate it if you could open the door.
例题
You have lost your calculator, and you want to order a new one. You need to make a written request to your supervisor, Ann Ray.
Write a memo to her
●saying that you need a replacement
●explaining what happened to the old one
●asking her to approve the request
Write about 30-40 words.
[范文]
I am writing to apply for a replacement calculator. I found the old one missing after the client meeting yesterday. As a calculator is essential to my daily work, could you kindly approve this request?
句型:May I have your permission to do sth?
布置任务类
例题:
You are the manager of a small export company. Peter Watson, an important client, is visiting your company for three days from 22 October.
Write a note of 30-40 words to your secretary:
Asking her to book a hotel room
Saying where the hotel should be
Giving her the dates
[范文]
比较下面三篇作文,注意内容点和语气的区别。
作文1:Dear Ms Jones,
I am writing to inform you that Mr Peter Watson will be visiting our company. Would you please be so kindly as to reserve a suitable room for him?
Yours sincerely
作文2:Hi Mary,
Look. I’m really sorry to have to trouble you but Peter Watson – a really important client – is visiting the company for three days in October, starting on 22nd, to discuss a contract with us. Please will you book for Mr Watson a really nice hotel room as soon as possible? Thanks very much.
See you soon!
作文3 Mary,
Mr Peter Watson is visiting us in October. Could you please hire a hotel room for him? He is arriving on 22nd October and will stay for three nights. If possible, the hotel should be one near the office. Thank you.
例题
You are going to host a press conference on a new product.
Write a note to Mr Smith, the Research and Development Manager:
●Informing him about the press conference
●Asking him to submit a report on the development of the new products.
●Telling him when you need it.
范文
I am going to attend a press conference on the new product of our company next month. I need to have update information about our research and development. Please prepare a report on this topic for me by the end of next week.
解释道歉
●You have ordered some new office equipment. However, some of this equipment will arrive a week later than planned.
●Write a memo to all staff:
●saying which equipment will be delayed
●explaining when it will arrive
●apologising for the delay.
●Write about 30-40 words on your Answer Sheet.
词汇辨析:delay; postpone
范文:
I have ordered some new PCs and monitors. Unfortunately the monitors will arrive in the second week of October. I apologise to the people who are waiting for a monitor.
例题
Your line manager asked you to write a report on your latest sales figures. Unfortunately it is not ready yet.Write an email to your manager: -apologising for the delay -giving the reason for the delay -saying when the report will be ready
范文:
I' m sorry for the delay about the latest sales figures.I have to prepare our next meeting asking all the staff if they' ll come, booking hotel and so on.The report will be ready within two next weeks.Yours sincerly,
背景知识:line and staff management, line manager, staff manager
第五课时
例题
Your work team is scheduled to complete a project next month. But there has been a delay.Write an email to the department manager: -apologising for the delay -giving the reason for the delay -saying what help you need to complete the project.
范文:
Good morning,you know the project which we should ended next month. We won't be able to complete. I am so sorry but two staff members have been ill for 4 weeks now.With help for another department we could complete it in 4 weeks.Thanks
询问信息类
例题
You have recently started a new job and the Personnel Manager has asked you to write an article for the company magzine. Write a note to the Personnel Manager: -agreeing to write the article -giving brief details of what you will write about -asking about the deadline for the article.
范文:
I agree to write this article. I would like you know that I will write about the company's economic situation and its future. I would like to know what deadline it has. I look forward your answer.Thanks.
推荐建议类
总结词汇:
suggest
suggest doing sth
suggest suggest that sb do sth recommend recommend recommend to sb (eg a friend) recommend doing sth (eg putting another board up) recommend that sb do sth ●You work for an international company in Los Angeles. ●You have arranged to meet a colleague, Carole Buckley, in the New York office on 3 February. ●Write an email to your colleague: ●confirming the date of your visit to New York ●suggesting what time the meeting should start ●inviting her to dinner after the meeting ●Write about 30-40 words on your Answer Sheet. 例题: Your company has received a telephone complaint about late deliveries. Write a note to the Customer Services Manager in your company: -saying who has made the complaint -explaining why the deliveries were late -recommending what action should be taken. 范文: We've duly received the telephone complaint by Mr. White about the late deliveries caused by shipping problems.In order to expedite the procedures, it shall be better to arrange someone to discuss with the customs straight straight away. 商务信函(上) 与前面题型的共性 区别:值得注意的是,大作文本身的特性 1 读者不同 对内/对外 2 信息点数量 3/4 3 阅读量 小/大 4 字数要求 30-40 / 60-80 信件格式、地址书写 注意考卷上不要写postal address 书信常用语言: 称谓 Dear ……/ 敬语 Yours…… Dear Sir or Madam----------Yours faithfully Dear Mr./Mrs./Miss/Ms Smith---------Yours sincerely Dear John-----------Best wishes (私人关系比较亲密) 信的开头: We are writing to enquire about …写信是询问关于…… We are writing in connection with … 写信是关于 …… We are interested in … and we would like to know … 我们对……感兴趣……我们想知道 asking if …感谢(某日)询问是否……的来信 Thank you for your letter of (date), enquiring about …感谢(某日)询问有关……的来信 We have received your letter of (date), enclosing …感谢(某日)的来信以及随信寄来的…… concerning …我们已收到(某日)关于……的来信 如果写信的开头或者是信中要提到某件事情: with reference to… 关于…… further to … 继……之后 with regard to … 关于…… I am writing in connection with … 我写信是为了…… A point in your letter gives us great concern that …我们很关心您信中提到的…… Regarding … 关于…… 告知好消息 I am pleased to tell you that … 我很高兴的告诉你/通知你…… I am delighted to inform you …… I am happy to advise you … We are pleased to inform you that We have pleasure in informing you that We have the pleasure to apprise you of We have the honour to inform you that (of) 坏消息 I regret to tell you that … 很遗憾/很抱歉告诉你/通知你…… I am sorry to inform you … I am sorry to advise you that … We regret that … 我们很遗憾…… 说明能做与不能做的事情 We are unable to … 我们不能…… We are able to … 我们能…… We have been forced to … 我们不得不…… 说明原因 This was owing to … 这是因为……(多半为坏消息) Due to … 这是由于 …… As a result of … 这是……的结果 Because of … 这是因为…… 请求采取行动,如果紧急的话,可以加上后面的词组 Please could you … as soon as possible 请你尽快…… We would be grateful if you could …without delay 如果你能尽快……,我们将不胜感激 We would appreciate it if you could … immediately… 如你能尽快…… 我们将不胜感激 道歉 We must apologize for … 我们必须为……表示我们的歉意 We apologize for … 我们必须为……道歉 We are extremely sorry for … 我们为……感到抱歉 询问信息 We would like to know about/if … 我们想了解有关…… Please could you give us further detail about … 请给我们更多有关……的信息 We would be grateful if you could let us know about/if … 如果能告诉我们有关……,我们将不胜感激 We would appreciate it if you could inform us about/if … 如果能告诉我们有关……,我们将不胜感激 轻度抱怨 Unfortunately, 然后直接说不幸的事情发生了,比如, Unfortunately, we have not yet received your payment, we would be grateful if you could make the payment soon. 提起注意(用在强烈抱怨中) I should like to draw your attention to (the fact that) … 我想提请你们注意…… I should like to point out that … 我想指出…… I should like to remind you that … 我想提醒你们…… I hope that it is not necessary to remind you that …我希望没有必要提醒你们…… 警告 Unless… 除非……, 否则我们将不得不…… If … (not) …, we will be forced to … 如果……不……, 我们将不得不……. Ending a letter I look forward to hearing from you soon. in due course. in the near future. If you have any further questions, please contact me on … 常见题型 1. negotiating a contract 2. invitation letter and reply 1. negotiating a contract offer, acceptance contract of sales/ lease, tenancy/ hotel booking 范文: Dear Mr. Westwood Thank you for your letter of 23 August conforming the details of our discussion. I would like to place an order with you for the following books: 20 sets of 3-volume Worldwide Encyclopaedia, 50 Worldwide CD-ROMs, 20 Complete Collection of Business Letters (Hardback) and 20 Complete Collection of Business (paperback) and 20 Complete collection of Business Letters CD-ROM pack. Please could you tell me if there is any discount for the sum of our order? Please find enclosed a cheque of $5,000 as a deposit. Could you tell me when they will be delivered? Looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely 签名 范文: Dear Sir or Madam I am writing in connection with your telephone order of 16 January, in which you enquired about our Model 783DK. Unfortunately, we have stopped producing this model due to the fact that sales are rather disappointing. However, we are able to supply you with a maximum of 20 boxes from our stocks. If you would like to order these, please could you inform us as soon as possible, then your order will be dealt with top priority. I look forward to your reply. Yours faithfully 签名 例题 ●Read this note you have received from your boss. ●Write an email to Ms Brown: ●thanking her for the invitation to Head Office ●telling her how many people are planning to go ●saying which departments people would like to see ●asking about the time of the visit ●Write 60-80 words on your Answer Sheet. ●Do not include postal addresses. 范文: Dear Mary Thank you for your invite to your new Head Office. I want to tell you the number of participants for the visit will be 20 people. My colleagues and I would like to see the Financial Department and also the Sales Department, and naturally the IT Department. I would like also know the time for the visit. Best wishes Pim Schuler 例题 ●Read this part of a fax from Sally Saunders, a hotel conference manager. ●Write a fax to Mrs Saunders: ●thanking her for her fax ●confirming your original dates for the conference ●booking 20 twin-bedded rooms ●telling her which dishes from the menu you require for the conference dinner. ●Write 60-80 words on your Answer Sheet. ●Do not include postal addresses. 相关词汇: roast duck, spring roll, fried eggs, dumplings, stewed beef, hot pot, barbeque fish and chips, smashed potatoes, baked beans 范文 Fax to Sally Saunders Dear Mrs Saunders Thank you for your fax. I am afraid I confirm my original dates for the conference because we cannot move it to the following week. I am going to book 20 twin-bedded rooms. About the special menu – I would like some typical dishes because most of the participants come from other countries. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely Read the part of a letter below from Ms Lambert, the Bookings Coordinator at a business training centre.We run the Business Management course twice a year, 3rd-7th January and 5th-9th June.We advise delegates to reserve places well in advance of the course start date.Please let me know as soon as possible the number of people attending and which dates you prefer, in order to ensure your reservation. Write a letter to Ms Lambert: thanking her for her letter saying how many people will be on the course explaining why you cannot give her the course date yet enquiring about discounts. Write 60-80 words on your Answer Sheet Do not include any postal addresses. 范文: Dear Ms Lambert,Thank you for your letter about details of Business Management course.There would be 75 person on the course. Unfortunately, we will not be able to inform you the date yet, as we are planning to organise an exhibition in summer season. As soon as we arrange the date of exhibition, we will inform you when we are going to start.We wondered whether any chance to have a discount when we attend the course over then 50 person. Could you please send us some information about discounts?We look forward to hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely, 第六课时 Read the part of a letter below from Mr Hutton, the manager of an office supplies company.You haven't placed an order with our company for 6 months. I am worried that we have not heard from you. We will be happy to agree a small discount on your next order of office supplies.if there is any problem, please contact me and I'll be happy to help. Write a letter to Mr Hutton: -thanking him for the letter -explaining why you were unhappy with the last delivery of his products -requesting an up-to-date catalogue -saying how much discount you want. Write 60-80 words on your Answer Sheet Do not include any postal address. 范文: Dear Mr Hutton,I am very grateful for your recent letter, the reason of this delay is due to the last delivery of our products.First of all, I am very unhappy because the last products that you sent us was damaged and we could use them.Secondly, I will make you a new order if you promise me that the new products do not be damaged. However, I would like you send me an up-to-date catalogue of products.Finally, I want to say you that I want a 20% of discount in the products.If you have any doubts do not hesitate to contact me.Yours sincerely, 投诉信结构: 投诉事由 详述事件/投诉理由 提出要求 索赔: compensate, indemnify, refund, apologise 常用句型: Letters of complaint I am writing to complain about … I am not satisfied with … I must therefore insist that … 范文 Dear Sir or Madam I am writing about the heating unit you installed for us on 15 March last year. Unfortunately, the heating system exploded on 12 January this year, and blew a large hole in the roof, thus resulting in a large damage to both our workshop and stocks. I should like to remind you that we wrote to you on 9th December last year because it was making a strange noise, but you did not give us a reply. We must insist, therefore, that you replace the heating system immediately and pay for our damage worth US $ 400,000. Your faithfully 签名 Dear Sir or Madam I am writing to complain about your Tour 5210 to Mexico on 15 June. The quality of the food in the hotels was terrible and everybody in our group was sick most of the time. I would like to remind you of the fact that your advertisement said “superior hotels and fantastic food all the way”. We must insist, therefore, that you refund at least 10% of our money as compensation. If we do not receive adequate compensation within 7 days, we will be forced to write to the local newspaper. Yours faithfully 签名 道歉信结构: 表示歉意 解释原因 处理意见 再次道歉 Letters of apology I am writing to apologise for/about This was due to … Unfortunately, we have been unable to … I am sorry for any inconvenience this has caused. I can assure you that we will… 范文 Dear Sir or Madam Thank you for your letter of 6 October. After supplying your restaurants for 5 years, I was extremely sorry to hear that the batch of bowls and forks which you received on 2 September was not of usual quality. The cause of the problem was a faulty packing machine. This has now been repaired, and I can promise you that this type of problem will not happen again. We will, of course, replace your faulty delivery free of charge. I would like to offer our apologies once again and thank you for being an excellent customer. Yours faithfully 签名 商务信函(下) Read the advertisement below written by Karen Petersen, who is looking for business premises. Wanted: Business PremisesI am a local businesswoman who intends to open an internet cafe and I am looking for premises. If you have a building for rent which may be suitable, please contact me with details.Karen PetersenPO Box 53 Write a letter to Ms Petersen: -informing her that you own a suitable building -describing the facilities the building has -explaining where the building is located -saying when the building is available. Write 60-80 words on your Answer Sheet Do not include any postal addresses. 范文: Dear Karen PetersenI have just seen your advertisement on the newspaper. I am writing to tell you that I have a suitable building for rent.The building has an office, a big room and a bathroom. In addition, it has a telephone line and internal access which is good for you to open a internet cafe. It is located in the city centre and it will be available from 20th June. If you have further question, please telephone me or send an E-mail to me.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely 2. invitations and replies 邀请信 句型: Inviting/ Offering We should like to invite you... We should be very pleased if you could... We should be delighted if you could... Thanking Thank you (very much) for your (kind) invitation to... It was very kind of you to invite me to... I was delighted to receive your invitation to... Accepting I would be very pleased to... I should be delighted to... Declining Unfortunately, due to ......, I am unable to...... 例题: 要点:邀请访问英国并且参观工厂 请客人看剧 日期在11月 内容点 Thanking Ms Goddard for her letter accepting the invitation to the theatre saying the dates are unsuitable and explain why suggesting an alternative date 范文 Dear Ms Goddard, With reference to your letter of November 3, I am writing to thank you for your kind invitation. I would be very pleased to accept your invitation to see Trackplus’s production facilities. I should also be delighted to accept your offer of arranging for me to see a play in the West End. Unfortunately, due to a business trip abroad, I am unable to come to England at the end of November as you suggested. However, as I feel it is important that we meet before Christmas I would be grateful if you could tell me if the second week of December would be suitable for you? I look forward to hearing from you again. Yours Sincerely Paolo Fellini 例题 ●Read this part of a letter from John Biggs, who is the president of a business club. ●Write a letter to Mr Biggs: ●accepting the invitation ●telling him the subject of your talk ●asking how long the talk should be ●enquiring whether accommodation will be arranged for you. ●Write 60-80 words on your Answer Sheet. ●Do not include postal addresses. 范文: Dear Mr Biggs I am writing to accept your invitation. I am going to talk about the new economy. I would like to know how long the talk should be, so that I can prepare it. Concerning accommodation, could you help me with booking? I would be very grateful. Thank you for your invitation. I look forward to seeing you again. Yours sincerely Celia Silva 例题 You work for an advertising agency. Read the part of a letter below from a client, Ms Reeves, asking you to give a presentation to her colleagues.My colleagues would like to hear more about the new advertising campaign you are planning for our company and hope you will be able to give a short presentation at our department meeting on 15th December.I would be grateful if you would let me know as soon as you can whether this will be possible. Write a letter to Ms Reeves: -apologising for being unable to attend the meeting -explaining why you cannot attend -suggesting another date -asking her to contact your secretary to confirm the arrangements Write 60-80 words on your Answer Sheet Do not include any postal addresses.范文: 23. Nov. 2002Dear Ms ReevesThank you for your letter regarding the presentation at your meeting on 15th December.I'm very sorry, but I'm unable to attend this meeting. In Stuttgart there is a fair I have to be present from 13th December to 17th December.I would suggest an appointment in January. The 15th January is a day I will be available all time.If you agree please contact my secretary Gina Johnes by 0172/55555 to confirm the date.We looking forward to hearing from you soon.Your sincerely 商务写作模版 模版一,提供信息 Dear Sir or Madam Thank you for your interest in ________________. 感谢你对 …… 的兴趣 下面罗列考试指令的要求,或者是所做的各条批注,比如: We are enclosing ___________________and __________________. 随信寄上________和__________。Also we are sending you _________________ which (如有需要加一定语从句)_____________________. 同时,我们还给您寄来了_________。 __________________________________. 此处加上其他考试指令的信息,比如: We allow a proper discount according to the quantity ordered. 对于大宗定单,我们提供相应折扣 I hope that this information will help you. 期待这些消息会对你有所帮助。 如果有可能有定单,则加上下面的话, We are looking forward to your order and you may be assured that it will receive our prompt and careful attention. 期待你的定单,请相信我们会以最快速度妥善处理您的定单。 Yours faithfully 模版二,提供信息 Dear Sir or Madam With reference to / We thank you for your letter of 日期 concerning _____. 感谢你在______关于________的邮件。We are very pleased to offer the following information. 下面罗列考试指令的各条要求,可以直接陈述,或者如果是好消息可以这样, _________________________________________________ I am very happy to inform you that ______________________. 很高兴通知您…… We are pleased to advise you that_______________________. 很乐意告诉您…… 继续罗列 Please contact me if you need any further information. 如果需要更多的信息,请你与我联系 Yours faithfully 模版三,解决问题 Dear Mr ____, Thank you for your letter of 日期 concerning _________________ 阐述写信事由. (First of all, I would like to apologise for the unsatisfactory handling of your order.) 下面可以开始罗列考试指令,或者考题上的各条批示,或者 note。要按照批示的顺序逐条罗列,可以直接复述批示,也可以在复述批示之前加上上面句型模版中的“提及”句型。比如 With regard to the _________, 至于……,this was owing to __________.这是因为……(有时候需要自己想理由是为什么的时候,可以说时间冲突,员工生病,不可抗力等)。 As for the _____________ 至于……, ____________________________. 这里进一步说明。 We are sorry for the possible inconvenience caused to you. 无论什么理由,如果引起了对方的不便,总需要表示歉意。 Yours sincerely 模版四,询问 Dear Sir or Madam We learn from _______________ that you are a leading company in the field of _______________________ in your country. 我们从……处得知你是你国……行业的龙头老大。 下面罗列考试指令的各条要求,比如 We are present, very much interested in ____________________ and would appreciate your sending us ____________________. 我们现在对你们的……非常感兴趣,如果贵公司可以给我们寄来……的话,我们会很感激(通常都是些catalogues, sample books or samples之类的) Please give us detailed information of _______________. 请给我们关于……的具体信息(通常都是prices, discounts, and terms of payment之类的) We hope this will be a good start for a long and profitable business relationship. Yours faithfully 模版五,失约后的道歉 Dear Sir or Madam Please accept my apology for _____________ on 日期. I had the appointment written on my calendar and was looking forward to the occasion, but________________.(开始解释原因,通常都是突发事件等不可抗力) 我的日期表上写的很清楚这次活动,而且我也热切的期盼这次活动,但是……。 I will call you on 日期 to see if we can ______________(补救措施) at your convenience. 我将会在合适的时候给你电话,安排补救措施。 We hope that this has not caused you any inconvenience. 我们希望这不会给你造成不便。 Yours faithfully 第七课时 模版六,改变以前的安排 Dear Ms _____, I am writing to inform you that we have to make a few changes to the original arrangements on__. 开门见山,我写信是为了指出在某某日期作出的最初安排上,我们需要一定的变动。 下面罗列各项改动,可以直接说明改变后的情形,或者也可以在说明变动之前加上上面句型模版中的“提及”句型。如果改动较多,不妨用数字,或者firstly之类的来标明。 比如____________ is ___________ now. Firstly, ___________ 被改变的主体 will be _________ than what we originally planned. Secondly, please note that as _________________阐释原因,引起下文, _______ will be ________________. With reference to … as we have arranged before, we would like to make a little change that … 阐述变化 If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. Yours sincerely 模版七,轻度投诉或者抱怨 Dear Sir or Madam I am writing in connection with ___________________. 指出写信的原因。 Unfortunately, ___________________________. 根据考试指令,逐条描述事故的经过,或者出错的事情。不幸的是…… We would be grateful if you could _________________________. 要求对方逐条采取行动。如果你能尽快……,我们将不胜感激。对对方提出要求的时候,措辞要精确。 We are looking forward to your prompt reply. 我们在等待您及时的回复。 Yours faithfully 模版八,强烈 Dear Sir or Madam I am writing to complain about _____________________. 我写信是来投诉有关…… ___________________这里仔细具体的描述事故的经过,或者出错的事情。 I hope that it is not necessary to remind you that __________________. 提醒对方注意(通常都是己方所面临的困境和现实,以前的联系,合同条文,对方是屡次犯错,对方以前的承诺或者广告)我希望没有必要提醒你们…… I must insist, therefore, you ____________________. 要求对方采取行动,我必须要求你采取相应对策以…… If _____ (not) _______, we will be forced to __________.给对方以警告,通常都是cancel the contract with you, take legal action, 或者是 write to the press如果……不……, 我们将不得不……. Yours faithfully 求职信 1 length 2 type/ handwritten 3 structure i the opening ii why them iii why you iv the ending 结尾例句:I look forward to discussing my application in more details with you at interview. 求职简历 1 明确你传达什么信息 2 长度问题 3 面积根据重要性分配 4 形式为了目的服务 5 别出现时间断档 (avoid gaps) 6 位置与内容的关系 7 不要千篇一律 8 美观 9 附一个体面的求职信 10 自己写,不要相信软件
