
核心语法
语法扩展
1.句型:主语+系动词+表语
形如This is my umbrella. 的句子中,this 和主语,is(动词be的第三人称单数现在时)为系动词,my umbrella 作表语;系动词和表语一起作谓语。主系表结构是简单句的最常用基本句型之一。又如:
Here is my ticket. 我和票在这儿。
(这句话中,my ticket 是主语,here作表语,这种句子结构被称为倒装结构) 系表结构中的系动词除了动词be之外,还有become, feel, get, grow, look, appear, seem, smell, taste, prove等。表语可以由名词、代词、形容词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、副词、介词短语等充当。例如:
She became a teacher after graduation. 毕业后她当了老师。
His speech sounds encouraging. 他的讲话令人鼓舞。
Don’t get too excited. 不要太激动。
Her main job was to look after the children. 她的主要工作是照看孩子。
The baby’s parents were out. 婴儿的父母出去了。
The book is on the table. 书在桌子上。
在一般现在时中,主语为第三人称单数时,系动词be要变为is。
如:He is …他是……She is …她是……It is …它是……上述例子中,is都可缩写为’s。即写成H e’s …She’s… It’s …的形式。
2.形容词性物主代词my和your
物主代词表示所有(占有)关系,又分为形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词如下表:
形容词性物主代词在句子中作定语,表示与其后名词的所有(占有关系)。例如:
May I borrow your English grammar book, please?
Cindy is one of my friends.
A dog wags its tail when it is happy.
3.疑问句的构成
答案为Yes或No的疑问句被称为一般疑问句。一般疑问句根据其结构又分为若干种,主系表结构的一般疑问句构成方法是:将第动词提到主语前面。如:
陈述句:This is your pencil.
一般疑问句:Is this your pencil?
4.否定句的构成
否定陈述句与肯定陈述句相反,表示“否定”某一内容,并且含有如not 之类的否定词,主第表结构的否定句通过在系动词后面加上not构成,is not可缩写为isn’t。如:It is not my ticket.
This isn’t Miss Naoko.
That isn’t your book.
This isn’t your umbrella.选择填空。
【】1、Excuse _______! Is this your handbag?
A、you
B、me
C、it
D、I 【】2、—Is this your umbrella?
—No, it ________.
A、is
B、not is
C、isn’t
D、my 【】3、Sohie _______ a new student.
A、be
B、my
C、your
D、is 【】4、—What is your name?
—Pardon?
—______________________________
A、What is your name?
B、Is this your handbag?
C、Thank you very much!
D、Nice to meet you.
【】5、—Is this _______ house?
—Yes, it is.
A、me
B、not
C、you
D、your 【】6、You _______ the new student.
A、is
B、am
C、are
D、be 【】7、I do _______ homework every evening.
A、your
B、his
C、my
D、her 【】8、—Is that a pen?
—Yes, ______________.
A、a pen
B、it is
C、it isn’t
D、that is
填空题
1、These ________ our dogs. One of them _______ Jim’s dog.
2、Peter _______ my brother. He _______ not a pupil.
3、Mr. White _______ a driver.
4、Those picture _______ on the wall.
5、I _______ a student of English in this university.
6、Mr. Wang _______ my English teacher.
7、You _______ a doctor.8、It _______ not a cat.
9、Here _______ my book.
10、Some paper _______ in my bag.
连词成句
1、you, much, very, thank
__________________________________________ 2、not, my, is, this, ticket
__________________________________________ 3、meet, to, nice, you
__________________________________________ 4、Nice meeting you!
__________________________________________ 5、German, Hans, is
__________________________________________ 6、Chinese, too, Zhang Hui, is
_________________________________________ 改错题
1、Is this you dress?
_________________________________________ 2、Here your umbrella and your coat.
_________________________________________ 3、Thank you very much.
_________________________________________ 4、Nice meeting you!
_________________________________________ 5、This not is my skirt.
_________________________________________ 6、Morning good, Mr, Blake!
_________________________________________ 7、Hans is new student.
_________________________________________ 8、—Is this your coat?
—Yes, it isn’t._________________________________________
按要求改写下列句子。
1、This is your handbag. (改为一般疑问句)
______________________________________________ 2、My ticket is here. (改为否定句)
______________________________________________ 3、That is my watch. (改为否定句)
______________________________________________ 4、Is this your coat? (改为陈述句)
______________________________________________ 5、This is my school. (改为陈述句)
______________________________________________ 6、That is your son. (改为陈述句)
______________________________________________ 7、It is your shirt. (改为一般疑问句)
______________________________________________ 8、This is your house. (改为一般疑问句)
______________________________________________ 9、Is this your watch? (改为陈述句)
______________________________________________ 10、That is your daughter. (改为一般疑问句)
______________________________________________ 汉译英
1、—这位是索菲亚·杜邦小姐吗?
—是的,我是一名新学生,来自法国。很高兴见到你。
2、—那位是直子小姐。
—她是日本人吗?
—是的,她也是一名新学生。
3、—请帮我拿我的大衣和雨伞。
—给我看一下您的票。
—我的票在这儿。
—谢谢,是第五号。给您大衣和雨伞。—非常感谢!
4、—对不起!
—什么事?
—这是您的手表吗?
—什么?(请您再说一遍)
—这是您的手表吗?
—是的,是我的。非常感谢!
5、—这不是我的手表。
—对不起,先生,这是您的手表吗?—是的,是这块。非常感谢!
