1、Many people insist that... 很多人(坚持)认为……
这句话乍看没亮点，但将众人皆知的"think"换为"insist"有没有觉得高大上了许多?
2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that... 随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……
这个可是小编当年的“杀手锏”啊，虽谈不上洋气，但正确率百分百啊，还超好记!
3、A lot of people seem to think that... 很多人似乎认为……
"think"终于闪亮登场，但"seem to"为整个句子增添了点婉转之感，这种客观的方式貌似较受老外(尤其腐国人)喜爱。
引出不同观点
1、People's views on... vary from person to person. Some hold that... . However, others believe that.... 人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为.....然而其他人却认为……
看这个长度就已然鹤立鸡群。其实，也是一个蛮简单也好记的模板。
2、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。
乍一看，跟上句的开头神似，其实就是省略掉了"people's"，不仅清爽而且好像高端了一些。
3、People may have different opinions on... 人们对……可能会有不同的见解。
又是一个婉转的句子，展示其客观性。
4、There are different opinions among people as to... 关于……人们的观点大不相同。
"different"虽拉低了水准，但"as to"又拯救了回来。
5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。
得出最终结论
1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that... 把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论……
很完全的答法，"take sth into consideration"短语的应用，加分。
2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that... 考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……
"Take into account sth"短语似乎又比上句的"take sth into consideration"提升了一个层次。
3、Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that... 因此，自然我们得出以下结论。。
"Hence"一词用在文章中大气吧，但别平时口语中用，否则即使老外也用一种看老古董的眼神看你。。
再特意提一句："we'd better"在这里不是“不得不”或“最好”的意思，而是一种自然而然，水到渠成的得出结论。
4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。
短语"there is no doubt that"上线，同时运用我们的老朋友"as well as"增加看点。
5、All in all, we cannot live without... But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 总之，我们没有……是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。
提出建议
1、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。
"It is high time" 打头，为该句增色。注：that 后跟虚拟语气，后跟动词的一般过去式，表示“是某人做……的时候了”或者“是某人不做……的时候了”
2、It is time to take the advice of ... and to put special emphasis on the improvement of ... 该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予非常重视的时候了。
去掉一个"high"，画风完全不一样，不用过去式，只需用"to do"来替代。
3、There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ... 毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视。
"there is no doubt that"+被动还是蛮经典的组合。
4、Obviously,.... If we want to do something... , it is essential that... 显然，如果我们想做某事，我们需要……
这句有些老生常谈，稍微不“常”的就是"essential" 替代了"important"。
5、Only in this way can we... 只有这样,我们才能...
Only+倒装，经典万能句式，还能看出点水平呢。
6、It must be realized that... 我们必须意识到...
把人人都会的"I realized"升格为被动语态，省略了主语，监考老师绝对会眼前一亮的!
预示后果
1、Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that... will lead us in danger. 很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险。
"the chances are that"替代了"may"，果然说话拐弯的生物不止是中国人。
2、No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that... 毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则很可能会……
作文结尾万用句，毫无破绽。
3、It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。
"It is urgent that"+被动，效果不错滴。
解决问题
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
1. 问题现状
2. 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明A的现状).Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状)
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).
Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).
对比选择型
When it comes to ____ ,different people hold different views .
Some contend that____. For one thing,____ .For another,___ . In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ____，They point out that____ .Another instance often cited is that____ .
It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue. As for me, there’s some truth to both arguments .It’s advisable to ______.
说明利弊型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)
1. 说明事物现状
2. 事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)
3. 你对现状(或前景)的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的优点之一). Besides -------------------(A的优点之二).
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点).
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法).
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测).)
现象解释型
Recently, ____What amazes us most is_____.It is true that _____. There are many reasons explaining ______.The main reason is_____ ，What is more, _____，Thirdly, _____.As a result, _____.
Considering all these, _____.For one thing, ____For another, ____.In conclusion, ____.
议论文之观点列举型
不同观点列举型( 选择型 )
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
议论文之利弊型
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
议论文之答题型
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
议论文之谚语警句型
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
问题解决型
With the ____of____，So it is of great importance for us to____ . On the one hand____, On the other hand____,
However, we have figured out many ways to _____.Firstly, ____So long as____ . Secondly____, Thirdly____.In fact____, That is because ____.
In a word,________ .
图表型作文
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
英语六级图表作文写作要点及必备词汇
一.图表作文写作要点
（一）表格图图表作文的写作要点
1横向比较。介绍横向各个数据的区别，变化和趋势
2不需要将每一个数据分别说明，突出强调数据最大值和最小值
3最对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的
（二）曲线图图表作文的写作要点
1极点说明。即，对图表当中最高的，最低的点要单独进行说明
2趋势说明。即，对图表当中曲线的连续变化进行说明，如上升，下降，波动，持平
3交点说明。即，对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明
（三）饼状图图表作文的写作要点
1介绍各扇面及总体的关系
2各个扇面之间的比较，同类扇面在不同时间，不同地点的比较
3重点突出特点最明显的扇面：最大的，最小的，互相成倍的
（四）综合图图表作文的写作要点
1不求甚解，不拘泥于细节
2分门别类，分段落详细介绍各个图表
3不画蛇添足，主观臆断或猜测图表之间的关系
以上就是这四类图表作文的写作要点介绍，对于各个图表的特点和描写的重点的不同进行了对比，大家可以在备考图表作文考试的时候，提前进行适当的参考和借鉴。
二、图表作文必备词汇
（一）在运动范畴中存在着如下的8种运动趋向：
1.保持平稳：
我们可以使用的套用结构有：stay stable/remain steady.
举例：表示人口数量保持平稳的时候可以写：the number of population stayed stable./the number of population remained steady.
2.上升/增加：
我们可以使用的套用结构有：rise/climb/increase/ascend /mount/aggrandize(增加)
举例：人口上升：the number of population increased/ascended/mounted等等。
3.下降/减少：
我们可以使用的套用结构有：fall/drop/decrease/descend/decline
举例：人口减少：the number of population decreased/declined.
4. 下降后保持平稳：
这个图形比较奇怪，大家可以跟着我划一下：线段前面是向下的，后面是平的，在表示这个平的时候我们就不可以使用remain steady了，我们要使用的结构是bottom out.
举例：人口下降后保持平稳：the number of population decreased and bottomed out.
5.上升后保持平稳：
这个图形和上面那个类似，不过前面部分是上升的，后面部分是平的。前面的上升我们就不用说了，但是在上升以后保持平稳，我们需要使用level off.
举例：人口上升后保持平稳：number of population mounted and leveled off.
6.复苏：
前面下降了以后，然后就上升了，这两条线段的连接点就叫复苏。英语中表达为recover
举例：人口下降后复苏：number of population decreased and recovered.
7.波动：
这个我就不划了，就像我们的心电图一样。英语中叫fluctuate.
举例：人口波动：number of population fluctuated
8.达到顶峰：
peak/reach its summit/reach its zenith
举例：人口到达了顶峰：number of population peaked/reached its summit/reached its zenith.
（二）程度只有两种，缓慢和陡然。
缓慢的/轻微的：gradually/smoothly/steadily/slightly
陡然的/大幅度的：dramatically /sharply/considerably/appreciably/
举例：
1.人口大幅度攀升：number of population mounted dramatically.
2.人口轻微下降：number of population decreased slightly.
3.人口逐渐下降：number of population decreased gradually .
（三）介词的使用
好了，我们现在已经说了两个范畴了，这个两个范畴可以帮你搞定任何线段组的描述。紧接下来我们要讨论的是如何将线段组与数据进行连接。非常简单，注意如下的介词使用.
1.remain steady/stay stable/level off/bottom out/peak/reach its peak/reach its zenith 后面需要使用的是at。
举例：
（1）人口在500万上保持平稳：number of population remained steady at 5 million.
（2）人口在800万时到达了顶峰：number of population peaked at 8 million.
（3）下降后，人口在400万保持平稳：after decreasing, number of population bottomed out at 4 million.
（4） 上升后，人口在700万保持平稳：after mounting, number of population leveled off at 7 million.
2.上升/下降后面使用to(到)和by(了)
举例：
（1） 人口下降到200万：number of population decreased to 2 million.
（2） 人口下降了200万：number of population decreased by 2 million.
（3） 人口上升到1000万：number of population increased to 10 million.
（4） 人口上升了500万：number of population increased by 5 million.
3.recover的后面大家需要使用的是from
举例：
人口在200万时开始复苏：number of population recovered from 2 million.
4. fluctuate的后面大家需要连接between...and...
举例：
人口在2和100亿之间波动：number of population fluctuated between 2 and 10 billion. (那俩人是ADAM和EVE)
实用性写作
Your address
Month, Date, year
Receiver's address
Dear ...,
I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.
.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.
I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.
Best regards for your health and success.
Sincerely yours,
X X X
对比观点型
(1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1. 有一些人认为。。
2. 另一些人认为。。
3. 我的看法。。
The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).
From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
(2) 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一). For example, they think ②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二).
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).
现象说明型
Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.
There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.
what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.
Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________
____.In Conclusion____________________.
阐述主题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述。
1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义。
2. 分析并举例使其更充实。
The good old proverb ----------------(名言或谚语)reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三).
In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it. From Joozone.com.
一、举实例
思维短路，举实例!提出一个观点，举实例!提出一个方案，举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子!
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.
更多句型：
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example
二、做比较
方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的;
世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语：
相似的比较：
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner
相反的比较：
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …
三、换言之
没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you!
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you.
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you.
或者上面我们举过的例子：
I cannot bear it.
可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.
因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.
更多短语：
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply.
清明节英语作文素材：Qingming Festival
“清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。”I bet most of you have learned this poem. 这首诗里讲的就是我们国家的一个传统节日——清明节.
Qingming Festival is also a festival to enjoy the beautiful spring. 清明节在古代又叫踏青节，
刚刚过完整蛊搞怪的愚人节，我们又迎来了肃穆的清明节。清明既是一个节气，也是一个节日。通常在每年的4月4号或者5号。它是由古代的寒食节发展而来的。This is a story about the Hanshi Festival. 它发生在2000多年前春秋时代的晋国。
Chong Er was one of the princes but his father didn't like him. Some bad people told his father that Chong Er was going to rebel. So he had to run away from the country.
逃亡途中，公子重耳和保护他的几位大臣在山里迷了路。
In the mountains, they didn't get enough food. Chong Er almost starved to death.
为了救重耳，一名叫介子推的大臣偷偷从大腿上割了一块肉让他充饥
Years later, Chong Er became the King of the Jin Kingdom. He wanted to thank Jie and asked him to be his minister, but Jie refused. 后来介子推在大火中不幸被烧死了。晋王重耳非常伤心，命令百姓在介子推去世那天不许生火做饭，只能吃冷食。这就是“寒食节”的由来。
从那时起人们都在这天祭奠祖先和纪念先烈，寒食节渐渐演变成了清明节。人们在这一天会去扫墓，怀念家里去世的亲人。所以英语里这一天也叫做“Tomb-sweeping Day”。
Chinese usually sweep tombs and fly kites on this day. Because Jie died at the foot of a willow, Chinese also cut sticks of willow and hang them over their gates.
清明的时候人们也纷纷出来放风筝。We usually fly kites in the daytime, but on that day，in some places, people fly kites at night. How can they see their kites at night? They tie some little lights to the kites.
这些小灯笼就像闪烁的星星，被人们称为“神灯”。
人们把风筝放上天后便剪断牵线，任凭它们飞往天涯海角。
It is said that in this way people will also be protected from bad luck and disease.. F
清明节是中国的传统节日。However, there are similar festivals in many other countries.
墨西哥人每年会过“亡灵节”。The Day of the Dead is on November 2. 传说死去亲人的亡灵在这一天会回家探亲。Candles are lit to help them find the way home. A lot of food and drink are prepared for them at home. 亲戚们会聚在一起怀念逝去的亲人。
朝鲜和韩国也有清明节。The Koreans don't cook on this day. They only eat cold food. They also plant trees on this day.
世界上还有很多国家也有类似的节日，像叙利亚、美国、突尼斯，只不过具体日期不同。通常人们也在这个特殊的日子里纪念为国捐躯的先烈
英语四六级考试写作必背的35句型
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) 例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。) 例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的优点是...)
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...)
例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈...愈...)
例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...，..能够..)
例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..)
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了)
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.
没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)
例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)
It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)
It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)
例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it.
夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式...(过去...年来，...一直...)
例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。
例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)
例句：It pays to help others.
帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on (以...为基础)
例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)
例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让...明白...事)
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与...息息相关)
例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.
做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving
= make it a rule to + V (养成...的习惯)
We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ (因为...)
例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!
= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事!
三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不满意)
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
我们的交通状况令人不满意。
三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ (对...有很大的影响)
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
三十三、do good to (对...有益)，do harm to (对...有害)
例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。
Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ (对...造成一大威胁)
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
三十五、do one's utmost to + V = do one's best (尽全力去...)
例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
低头族"现象
近年来，手机的流行催生了一大批“低头族”，无论是在拥挤的车厢还是在与朋友聚会的时间，甚至在马路上，在阶梯上都会有人低头看手机，对此现象，你的看法是什么呢？
作文题目：
题目要求：
The Impact of the Cellphone on Interpersonal Communication
1、现在，各个场所“低头族”现象比较普遍
2、出现这一现象的原因
3、我对这一现象的看法和建议
参考范文：
The Impact of the Cellphone on Interpersonal Communication
The picture depicts a couple dating in the park. While the man just focuses on his cellphones, and doesn’t pay any attention to his partner or the nature beauty in the park. This picture reflects a common phenomenon in today’s society: people spend too much time with their cellphones and communicate less and less with the people around them.
Nowadays, the smart-cellphones become more and more important in our daily life. They have made our life more convenient. We are timely aware of the most latest news around or faraway from us.
However, everything has two sides. Except for all the advantages, the smart-cellphones also have brought some problems. First, when you’re focus on the cellphone, you may ignore the beautiful scene around you. What’s worse, you are just absorbed in your own small world, rather than share your happiness and sorrows with the family. You hardly talk with your family and the ones around you. You become indifferent to them.
All in all, let’s put down the cellphones and spend more time communicating with our family and friends face to face directly.
环境保护
题目要求：
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of environmental pollution in some scenic spots and then explain the importance of environmental protection.
As is subtly portrayed in the cartoon, two tourists are taking sightseeing on a small boat while discarding their picnic leftovers casually into a lake. And below the drawing, there is a topic which says: "after" the travel or "me" in the travel.
From the portrayal, we can conclude that the painter wants to convey such a message: a good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating and leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash. On the one hand, tourism, as a multibillion-dollar business, is booming everywhere. On the other hand, tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: water is polluted, the ecological system is disturbed, and natural resources have been excessively used.
Undoubtedly, tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the economy in places which offer few sources of income. The significant point is that the unchecked growth of the travel business may render the development of an economy unsustainable.
环境保护
题目要求：
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of environmental pollution in some scenic spots and then explain the importance of environmental protection.
As is subtly portrayed in the cartoon, two tourists are taking sightseeing on a small boat while discarding their picnic leftovers casually into a lake. And below the drawing, there is a topic which says: "after" the travel or "me" in the travel.
From the portrayal, we can conclude that the painter wants to convey such a message: a good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating and leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash. On the one hand, tourism, as a multibillion-dollar business, is booming everywhere. On the other hand, tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: water is polluted, the ecological system is disturbed, and natural resources have been excessively used.
Undoubtedly, tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the economy in places which offer few sources of income. The significant point is that the unchecked growth of the travel business may render the development of an economy unsustainable.
书信
题目要求：
You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:
1) detailed information about the books you want,
2) methods of payment,
3) time and way of delivery
Dear Sir or Madam,
As I am planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (NETEM) , I have decided to place an order of some NETEM books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books.
Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books. Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service. Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2008.
I would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests. I look forward to hearing from you soon.(124 words)
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
如何寻找游伴
作文标题：
假期即将到来，你（付萍）打算做一次为期三周的旅行，希望找个外国朋友作为游伴（Travel-mate）。拟一个寻游伴的启示，交代清楚日程安排、费用分担情况、对对方的要求，说明对方和你一起出游的好处。
Travel-mate Wanted
I’m a 19-year-old female sophomore named Fu Ping. I hereby earnestly invite a foreign young lady—college student preferred—to make a three – week touring trip with me.
My plan is to set off next weekend, when the vacation officially begins. The first stop is Kunming, the world-renowned city for its beauty and mild temperature. We’ll get there by train and stay there for 2 days, and then we’ll head for Jinggangshan, a former revolutionary base as well as a natural beauty spot. After a 3-day visit there , we will take a long-distance coach to a nearby port city by the Changjiang River and board a downstream ship to Shanghai, so that we can enjoy the great scenery alongside the third longest river in the world. As everybody knows, Shanghai is the busiest and fastest developing city in China. I’d like to have a look at its prosperity, so the stay there will be about half a week. And a famous Chinese saying goes, ”Just as there is Paradise in heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on Earth ”, so a 4-day visit to these two cities near Shanghai is must. All together, our trip will last about three weeks.
I only expect that my travel-mate could split the expenses with me and talk with me in beautiful English, and I would be an excellent guide for her since I major in tourist guiding.
Those interested please contact me either through email (fuping@126.com) or phone call (52222221) .
如何寻找游伴
作文标题：
假期即将到来，你（付萍）打算做一次为期三周的旅行，希望找个外国朋友作为游伴（Travel-mate）。拟一个寻游伴的启示，交代清楚日程安排、费用分担情况、对对方的要求，说明对方和你一起出游的好处。
Travel-mate Wanted
I’m a 19-year-old female sophomore named Fu Ping. I hereby earnestly invite a foreign young lady—college student preferred—to make a three – week touring trip with me.
My plan is to set off next weekend, when the vacation officially begins. The first stop is Kunming, the world-renowned city for its beauty and mild temperature. We’ll get there by train and stay there for 2 days, and then we’ll head for Jinggangshan, a former revolutionary base as well as a natural beauty spot. After a 3-day visit there , we will take a long-distance coach to a nearby port city by the Changjiang River and board a downstream ship to Shanghai, so that we can enjoy the great scenery alongside the third longest river in the world. As everybody knows, Shanghai is the busiest and fastest developing city in China. I’d like to have a look at its prosperity, so the stay there will be about half a week. And a famous Chinese saying goes, ”Just as there is Paradise in heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on Earth ”, so a 4-day visit to these two cities near Shanghai is must. All together, our trip will last about three weeks.
I only expect that my travel-mate could split the expenses with me and talk with me in beautiful English, and I would be an excellent guide for her since I major in tourist guiding.
Those interested please contact me either through email (fuping@126.com) or phone call (52222221) .
"低头族"现象
近年来，手机的流行催生了一大批“低头族”，无论是在拥挤的车厢还是在与朋友聚会的时间，甚至在马路上，在阶梯上都会有人低头看手机，对此现象，你的看法是什么呢？
作文题目：
题目要求：
The Impact of the Cellphone on Interpersonal Communication
1、现在，各个场所“低头族”现象比较普遍
2、出现这一现象的原因
3、我对这一现象的看法和建议
The Impact of the Cellphone on Interpersonal Communication
The picture depicts a couple dating in the park. While the man just focuses on his cellphones, and doesn’t pay any attention to his partner or the nature beauty in the park. This picture reflects a common phenomenon in today’s society: people spend too much time with their cellphones and communicate less and less with the people around them.
Nowadays, the smart-cellphones become more and more important in our daily life. They have made our life more convenient. We are timely aware of the most latest news around or faraway from us.
However, everything has two sides. Except for all the advantages, the smart-cellphones also have brought some problems. First, when you’re focus on the cellphone, you may ignore the beautiful scene around you. What’s worse, you are just absorbed in your own small world, rather than share your happiness and sorrows with the family. You hardly talk with your family and the ones around you. You become indifferent to them.
All in all, let’s put down the cellphones and spend more time communicating with our family and friends face to face directly.
环境保护
题目要求：
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of environmental pollution in some scenic spots and then explain the importance of environmental protection.
As is subtly portrayed in the cartoon, two tourists are taking sightseeing on a small boat while discarding their picnic leftovers casually into a lake. And below the drawing, there is a topic which says: "after" the travel or "me" in the travel.
From the portrayal, we can conclude that the painter wants to convey such a message: a good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating and leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash. On the one hand, tourism, as a multibillion-dollar business, is booming everywhere. On the other hand, tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: water is polluted, the ecological system is disturbed, and natural resources have been excessively used.
Undoubtedly, tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the economy in places which offer few sources of income. The significant point is that the unchecked growth of the travel business may render the development of an economy unsustainable.
免费下载歌曲
记得小时候，我们想听歌曲的话必须通过购买磁带或者光盘来实现，而如今互联网极其便利，直接可以在网上免费下载歌曲。但是这种行为真的是正确的吗？
作文题目：
Should Free Music Downloads Be Banned?
1. 越来越多的人开始在网上免费下载歌曲
2. 有人认为这会严重影响唱片业发展，应予以禁止，有些人则不以为然
3. 我的看法
With the development of technology, more and more people are making use of the Internet and are enjoying downloading all types of materials. Some are especially fond of downloading free music. They argue that free music downloads not only enrich their lives, but also are good for the music industry because they help increase the popularity of music.
However, from my point of view, it is not advisable to allow free music downloads. For one thing, this practice violates the intellectual property rights of musicians. For another, this will exert a negative impact on the sales of musical products such as CDs, which may do harm to the whole music industry. Without good returns, who would like to invest in the music industry?
In order that the music industry will develop healthily, we had better ban free music downloads. Let’s all start to do so ourselves.
书信
题目要求：
You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:
1) detailed information about the books you want,
2) methods of payment,
3) time and way of delivery
Dear Sir or Madam,
As I am planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (NETEM) , I have decided to place an order of some NETEM books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books.
Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books. Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service. Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2008.
I would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests. I look forward to hearing from you soon.(124 words)
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
如何寻找游伴
作文标题：
假期即将到来，你（付萍）打算做一次为期三周的旅行，希望找个外国朋友作为游伴（Travel-mate）。拟一个寻游伴的启示，交代清楚日程安排、费用分担情况、对对方的要求，说明对方和你一起出游的好处。
Travel-mate Wanted
I’m a 19-year-old female sophomore named Fu Ping. I hereby earnestly invite a foreign young lady—college student preferred—to make a three – week touring trip with me.
My plan is to set off next weekend, when the vacation officially begins. The first stop is Kunming, the world-renowned city for its beauty and mild temperature. We’ll get there by train and stay there for 2 days, and then we’ll head for Jinggangshan, a former revolutionary base as well as a natural beauty spot. After a 3-day visit there , we will take a long-distance coach to a nearby port city by the Changjiang River and board a downstream ship to Shanghai, so that we can enjoy the great scenery alongside the third longest river in the world. As everybody knows, Shanghai is the busiest and fastest developing city in China. I’d like to have a look at its prosperity, so the stay there will be about half a week. And a famous Chinese saying goes, ”Just as there is Paradise in heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on Earth ”, so a 4-day visit to these two cities near Shanghai is must. All together, our trip will last about three weeks.
I only expect that my travel-mate could split the expenses with me and talk with me in beautiful English, and I would be an excellent guide for her since I major in tourist guiding.
Those interested please contact me either through email (fuping@126.com) or phone call (52222221) .
科学解决世界难题？
科学技术是第一生产力，现代科技提升了我们的科技水平，但同时也为我们带来一系列世界性的问题，所以，我们又需要借助科技的力量，进一步发展。科学究竟能否解决世界性难题呢？
作文题目：
Science and the World's Problem 科学与世界性难题
In saying that the world is at a crossroads created by science and technology I know I am not the first. But mankind cannot afford to hesitate in indecision. There is only one choice for us. We must begin to move along the road to a better future for all the peoples of the world and we must do this now.
By the end of the 20th century, the population of the world might have been doubled. In attempting to ensure food, clothing and a dignified standard of life for this enormous host of people we must use every weapon that science and technology can give us. There are obvious difficulties for the less developed areas in doing this — for example, lack of capital, differences in social structure and inadequate knowledge.
Our strategy to overcome these difficulties must be total. We have to look at world problems as a whole, that is, try to better our understanding of the complex interactions between the multitude of development activities. We already know the great gifts that science and technology can bestow on all nations. If we are made wiser by a constant appreciation of the complexities of what we are attempting, the faster we shall move towards a solution of the really imperative problems that confront us everywhere.
如何提升幸福感
How to Enhance Our Sense of Happiness?
1. 人们对于如何提升幸福感有不同的看法
2. 幸福感的提升不仅包括物质层面，也包括……
How to Enhance Our Sense of Happiness?
Along with the improvement of living standards, people are no longer content with being fed and clothed adequately. They are more concerned about how to enhance their sense of happiness.
To a large extent, happiness depends on individuals’ understanding about it. For some people, happiness relies on material basis, without which they can’t live comfortably and decently. For others, they believe that happiness has nothing to do with money. Thus to enhance happiness is not equal to improving one’s material living standards. Instead, people are supposed to confront their life with right attitude, to be active and grateful in order to have a happy life.
For my part, money does buy happiness, but only up to the point where it enables one to live comfortably. To boost one’s happiness not only needs the material but also the spiritual enrichment. It encompasses living a meaningful life, utilizing your gifts and your time, living with reflection and objective.
近年来，旅游业越发热门，然而，随之也产生一系列弊端，如旅游诚信问题。黑车，黑社，黑导，宰客等现象屡见不鲜，甚至前段时间还爆出游客因为拒绝购物而遭群殴身亡的悲剧，旅游诚信问题又一次被提上桌面。
作文题目：
题目要求：
Dishonesty in Tourism
1. 近年来旅业中不诚信现象比较普遍
2. 出现这一现象的原因
3. 我对这一现象的看法和建议
参考范文：
Dishonesty in Tourism
Since 1980s, the economy of China has developed greatly. With more money in their pockets, people are spending more money on travelling, which has brought prosperity to tourism. Nevertheless, many travel agencies or agents are reported to cheat their customers and make money in a dishonest way.
The reason for dishonesty in tourism is various. First and for most, money is the spur. Some travel agencies use all means to cheat their customers in order to get more money. Secondly, to survive in the fierce competition, travel agencies have to make enough profits. To realize profit maximization, they cheat. Last but not least, their victims seem to have little sense of defending their rights.
To regulate travel agencies and protect the rights of tourists, the government has issued various laws. However, I think tourists can take the following tips to avoid travel scams. First, choose a trustworthy travel agency for your trip. Secondly, use your common sense and keep alert while travelling. Finally, defend yourself if your rights are violated.
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday.” Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
参考范文：
Peter Buck,a famous American female writer,once said “if you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday.” Evidently, it is meant to tell us the significant influence of history to this day and age or the intimate relationship between past and present.
Actually, examples proving it are abounded in our daily life. Here I can think of no better illustration of the proverb than the experience of students. In terms of English examination, taking CET-6 as an example, we students prefer to bone up on the past examination papers first in order to pass the exam successfully. Taking a look around, we can also find examples too many to enumerate. It is no denying to say that“Histories make men wise”( Francis Bacon ).
To sum up, we may say that if you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday. So, one should not indulge himself in confusion for today and complaint the setbacks he is facing. What he really has to do is to slow down and seek inspiration or solution in his past. In a word, sometimes the best way to go forward is to look backward.
近年来，越来越多的童鞋在完成大学学业之前就选择离校。但是，并不是每个人都是比尔盖茨，乔布斯，能够在没拿到毕业证的情况下顺利求职。
作文题目：
My View on College Students’ Quitting School
1.越来越多的大学生退学
2.出现这种现象的原因
3.你如何看待这种现象
In recent years, more and more college students quit school ahead of schedule.Except the minority quitting for objective reasons like health problem,most students leave with the pursuit of an ideal career, as well as more experience and fortune.Several factors may contribute to its emergence.
In the first place, some students think that the opportunity cost of spending four years on college campus is too high,and the job market competition is getting fiercer.
Therefore, when there’s a satisfying job available, it’s worth quitting.In the second place, some hold that the real world is a better school for them to get practical knowledge than traditional schools.
Last but not least, the publicizing and popularity of some successful businessmen like Bill Gates and Steve Jobs,who didn’t finish school but ended up with a great fortune and achievement,
set examples for the young generation emphasizing individuality and personality.
However, I don’t think it’s rational for college students to quit school.Armed with high education and more mature personality, better-prepared graduates can fight for their future more easily.
In a word, college education pays off.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “The decisions that people make quickly are always wrong.” You can give an example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
教研参考范文：
Not all the decisions made quickly are wrong
From my perspective, the rush decision may be wrong if it was made when we were in great anger or when wer were tempted by something. However, some decisions can be made instantly. We make decisions every day, and not every decision is so important that it needs our careful thought. For example, many white-collar workers go out to have lunch every weekday. Obviously, that simple decision does not need ten minutes to consider gains and losses. In some situations, there is not so much time for us to think twice, because the chance may be lost in any minute when we hesitate. For example, someone fells into the river and is drowning. In this case, most people will try to rescue the drowning one without delay. Another case is that sometimes we need to make quick decisions to grasp opportunities. As can be seen, the decisions that people make quickly are not always wrong, especially when we should follow our instinct in certain situations, such as emergencies and once in a lifetime chances.
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday.” Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
参考范文：
Peter Buck,a famous American female writer,once said “if you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday.” Evidently, it is meant to tell us the significant influence of history to this day and age or the intimate relationship between past and present.
Actually, examples proving it are abounded in our daily life. Here I can think of no better illustration of the proverb than the experience of students. In terms of English examination, taking CET-6 as an example, we students prefer to bone up on the past examination papers first in order to pass the exam successfully. Taking a look around, we can also find examples too many to enumerate. It is no denying to say that“Histories make men wise”( Francis Bacon ).
To sum up, we may say that if you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday. So, one should not indulge himself in confusion for today and complaint the setbacks he is facing. What he really has to do is to slow down and seek inspiration or solution in his past. In a word, sometimes the best way to go forward is to look backward.
翻译一直追求“信”、“达”、“雅”。庆幸的是，六级考试中要求没有那么高，我们只要做到“信”和“达”就可以啦。对于实力较强的同学，如果想在翻译题中夺得高分，千万不要忽视以下四个要点：
1、高级词汇。翻译时，尽量表现出自己的语言水平，避免使用一些过于简单的词汇，而要选择一些更高级的词汇，例如“have to”可以换成“be obliged to”。
2、句式多样。可以有选择性地运用倒装结构、被动语态、否定句、虚拟语气、比较结构、从句、非谓语动词等句型，让句式结构更加丰富多彩。
例：正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。
一般译文：The Silk Road introduced four Chinese inventions to the world. They were papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing.
高分译文：It was through the Silk Road that the four great inventions of ancient China, namely papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing, were introduced to the world.
点评：“一般译文”为两个主动语态的简单句，“高分译文”将其整合成了一个被动句。把“正是……才……”处理成了“It was… that…”的强调句型，并将“造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术”处理成了插入语“namely papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing”。
3、长难句。译文中如果出现1~2个长难句，可以立马吸引考官的眼球，瞬间让译文变身高大上，提升水平档次。
例：物质文化的交流是双向的，欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需求。
一般译文：The exchange of material culture is a two-way process. Europe also exported various goods and plants through the Silk Road. It could meet the needs of the Chinese market.
高分译文：As the exchange of material culture is a two-way process, various goods and plants were also exported through the Silk Road from Europe to China to meet the needs of the Chinese market.
点评：“一般译文”为三个简单句，而“高分译文”将其合并成了一个长句。把“物质文化的交流是双向的”处理为状语从句“As the exchange of material culture is a two-way process”，并将“满足中国市场的需求”作为目的状语“to meet the needs of the Chinese market”。
4、字迹工整。翻译过程中难免会进行多次修改，从而影响卷面整洁，所以一定要先打草稿，整洁的卷面有助于增加印象分哦~
这四个妙招同学们肯定都非常熟悉，但却常常被大家忽视。比如，小明在做翻译时，总是习惯性地使用基础词汇，然后又习惯性地使用简单句型，当时间紧迫时还会紧张地老写错别字，导致在卷面上涂涂改改，影响美观。不知不觉，小明默默地走上了“低分”之路。所以，应时刻将这四招牢记于心，并且认真贯彻实施，那么，“高分”就在向你们招手哦!
翻译
纪念反法西斯战争胜利70周年
今年是世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年，也是中国人民抗日战争胜利70周年。中国人民浴血奋战14年，最终取得了世界反法西斯战争的伟大胜利。为保护人类文明、捍卫世界和平做出巨大贡献。中国希望同广大同盟国共同回顾总结历史，展望开辟未来，坚定铭记历史、永不再战的庄严承诺，构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系，让世界更加和平，更加和谐，更加美好。
It is the 70th anniversary of both the world's anti-fascism war and the victory of China's Resistance War against Japanese Aggression this year. The Chinese people finally achieved the great victory of the anti-fascist war of the world after an everlasting bloody battle for 14 years. They made a great contribution for the protection of human civilization and the dependence of the world peace. China hopes to review history and look forward to the future together with its allies. To insist on remembering the history and the promise of never to fight will be their common goal. Only in this way can they build a brand new international relation, with win-win cooperation as its core, and make the world a more peaceful, more harmonious, more beautiful place to live in.
信用卡
信用卡(credit card)是由银行发行的卡，持卡人可以凭卡赊购(buy on credit) 商品和服务。使用信用卡最大的好处就是能给持卡人带来极大的方便。人们可以 使用信用卡赊购他们需要的东西，并在一段时期内付淸欠款,而不必随身携带大量的现金。但如此的便利也带来了一些问题，如恶意透支(malicious overdraft)。还会剌激使用者超前消费，容易产生月光族。在消费的时候，使用信用卡会促使消费者更加冲动地购物，甚至购买一些平时不怎么用的商品。
A credit card is a card issued by a bank,allowing its holder to buy goods and services on credit.The most obvious advantage of credit card is the huge convenience it brings to card holders.People can use the cards to buy what they want on credit and pay off the debt over a period of time instead of carrying a large sum of cash with them.But such convenience also brings such problems as malicious overdraft and overconsumption which will easily reduce the card users to“moonlight group”.When shopping,consumers with credit cards will buy goods more impetuously.They will even buy something that is not often used in daily life.
中国式婚礼
传统的中国婚俗被视为中国传统文化礼仪的基础。通常，婚礼是隆重场合，有很多的礼节。婚礼有程序，包括求婚、生辰匹配、合婚（marriage divination),下聘礼（betrothal gifts presenting)、确定婚期、置办嫁妆（dowry urging)、迎娶新娘、举行正式的结婚仪式。在中国传统的婚礼中，新娘由新郎牵着。她头顶红盖头，全程都垂在肩上。传统的中国婚俗已经实行了几千年。它们可能会因时间和地点而异，但在中国人的生活中一直占据着重要地位，对中国人的生活方式产生着深远的影响。
Traditional Chinese wedding customs are considered as the foundation of rites in traditional Chinese culture.A wedding is usually a grand occasion with so many formalities.There are eight major procedures of a wedding,including proposal making,birthday matching,marriage divination,betrothal gifts presenting,wedding date fixing,dowry urging,welcoming the bride to the wedding and performing the formal wedding ceremony.During the traditional Chinese wedding ceremony,the bride is led by her groom.Her head is covered by a red veil which is Ming down to her shoulder during the whole period.Traditional Chinese wedding customs have been running for thousands of years.They may vary from place to place and from time to time,but they have been holding an important position in the life of Chinese people,having a far-reaching impact on Chinese people's lifestyle.
女性社会地位
新中国成立后，中国一直致力于提高女性的社会地位。经过多年的努力女性群体在社会各个领域产生了不可忽视的力量。近年来，越来越多的女性在部门任职，参与的国家政务活动也明显增多。据最近的一份调查数据显示，大约每3位企业中高层管理者中就有1位是女性。此外，女性在家庭决策中也扮演着越来越重要的角色。
After the founding of New China， the Chinesegovernment has been devoted to improving thesocial status of females. After years of efforts,females have the power not to be ignored in everyfield of society. In recent years, a growing number offemales take office in government departments,participating in more state affairs. According to statistics from a recent survey, about one inthree of mid to high-level enterprise managers are female. In addition, females are alsoplaying an increasingly important role in the family decision-making.
低碳经济
面对日益严重的环境问题，低碳经济越来越引起世界各国的关注。对于低碳经济的界定虽各有不同，但有一点是没有争议的。人们普遍承认，低碳经济是以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的经济模式，是人类社会继农业文明、工业文明之后的又一次重大进步。低碳经济实质上是能源高效利用、清洁能源开发、追求绿色GDP的问题，核心是能源技术和减排技术创新、产业结构和制度创新以及人类生存发展观念的根本性转变。在我国经济发展的关键时期，更加协调低碳经济与发展的关系，保护地球的生态环境，事关中国人民乃至全世界人民的福祉。
Facing the increasingly serious environmental problems, low-carbon economy attracts more and more attention of the countries all over the world. For the definition of low-carbon economy is different, but one thing is not controversial. It is widely acknowledged that low-carbon economy is a economical model on the basis of low energy consumption, low pollution and low emission, a major progress of human society following agriculture civilization, industrial civilization. In essence, low-carbon economy is efficiently use of energy, development of clean energy and pursuit of green GDP, with the core of energy technology and emission reduction technology innovation, industrial structure and system innovation, and the fundamental shift of human’s survival and development ideas. In the critical period of economic development in our country, to further coordinate the relationship between low-carbon economy and the development, protect the ecological environment of the earth, is about the well-being of the Chinese people and the people all over the world as well.
中国动漫
中国的电影市场一直在髙速发展，但是国产的动画业(animation industry)却不尽如人意。去年有33部动画电影发行，但没有一部票房(box office)喜人。原因有以下几点:一是投入少。一部好莱坞动画电影在放映和电影特技上的花费要超过其一半的预算。但在中国，这些通常只占10%。二是故事情节单一。目前中国很难有超过1亿票房的动画电影。内部人士称电影情节无趣是票房过低的罪魁祸首。此外，薪酬较低，要找一个好编剧(scriptwriter)也很困难。
China's film market has been developing at a high speed, but China's animation industry is not to our satisfaction. Last year, 33 animation films were released, none of which did well at the box office. The reasons are as follows: firstly, the low investment. A Hollywood animation film spends more than half of its budget on screening and special effects, which, however, in China, usually accounts for only 10%. Secondly, the tedious plot. Currently, few animation films in China can achieve more than 0.1 billion yuan at the box office. According to the insiders, boring plot is the main reason for low box office. Besides, its hard to find a good scriptwriter with low payment.
房子——中国人的归属感所在
中国自古就有“修身、齐家、治国、平天下”的古训(maxim)。齐家指的便是成家立业，成家不能没有自己的一套房子。因此，房子成为中国人有家、有归属感的重要标志，并深人人心。房子在人们观念中的重要地位，使得房子不仅仅是居住环境的体现，更是个人身份的体现。根深蒂固的传统观念和强烈的的家的归属感，吸引着都市生活中这样一群忠实而又执着的“买房族”。也可以说，中国的房价之所以一路飙升与中国人的购房观念是密不可分的。
There has been an old maxim"Cultivate the mind, and then regulate the family, state and world"since ancient China.Regulating the family refers to getting married and starting one's career.However, getting married cannot come true without a house.Therefore,it is deeply rooted in Chinese people's mind that house is an important signal of home and gives them a sense of belonging.The importance attached to house makes house both a symbol of living environment and a symbol of individual status.The deeply rooted traditional concept and strong sense of belonging attract many loyal and persistent people in the city to join the group which struggles to buy a house.You could say the soaring price of house in China is closely related to Chinese people's idea about house.
丽江古城
丽江古城位于云南省西北部，是纳西族聚居的地方。它建于宋代(the Song Dynasty)，距今已有800年的历史，其原貌得以保存完整。自古以来，古城就是远近闻名的集市。它是中国历史文化名城中唯一没有城墙的古城。古城里的建筑深受纳西、白、藏(Tibetan)、汉四个民族建筑艺术的影响，充满了浓厚的中华文化气息。1997年，丽江被列入世界文化遗产名录(World Heritage Sites)。
参考译文：
Located in the northwest of Yunnan Province, theancient town of Lijiang is home to the Naxi ethnicminority. It was built 800 years ago in the SongDynasty and its original look has been kept intact.It has been a very well-known market since theancient times. Among all the famous histories andcultural cities and towns in China, it is the only one built without walls, The architecture of Lijingis deeply influenced by the arts of building of four nationalities, namely Naxi, Tibetan, and Han,and is of rich flavor of Chinese culture. In 1997, it was listed into the World Heritage.
中国骄傲——算盘
算盘(abacus)是中国传统的计算工具，也是中国古代的一项重大发明。阿拉伯数字出现以前，算盘在世界各地广泛使用。算盘是矩形的木框，木框上固定着带算珠的木杆。木框中间的横梁(beam)将木杆分成两部分：木杆上方的两颗算珠 (counting beads)每个代表5,下方的五颗算珠每个代表1。随着算盘的应用，人们总结出很多计算技巧，提高了计算速度。由于算盘易于制造，而且计算口诀易于记忆和操作，因此算盘在中国十分流行。
As a traditional Chinese calculation tool and an important ancient Chinese invention,the abacus was widely used before the invention of Arabic numerals in the world. The abacus is a rectangle with a wooden frame. Within the frame,rods with stringed beads are fixed. The beam in the middle of the frame divides each rod into two parts. The two counting beads in the upper part of each rod represent five and the rest five beads in the lower part represent one. With the application of the abacus, people summarized many calculation tips to help improve the speed of calculation. As the abacus is simple to produce, and its calculation tips are easy to memorize and operate, it is quite popular in China.
三招制胜四级六级段落信息匹配题
四六级改革增加了一种叫"段落信息匹配题"的新题型，"高大上"的名字和10%的分值吓住一众考生，面对改革六神无主？毫无头绪？别慌！学会这三招，完虐新题型！
一、严控时间，分清主次
每年的考生中都会有很多反应时间不够、题量太大，而据统计在阅读这个模块中超出用时的考生超过半数。20%的精读只有10道题，一道题占2%，则每题分数就达到了14.2分将近15分。分值太大导致各位同同学容易在这个地方花去大量时间，但是你要明白这个部分的时间花的再久也只有20%，你完全没有理由因为20%去损失另外一个10%，而且你还不能确定你这20%是否可以得到一个非常好的成绩，所以提醒大家：掌控时间非常重要，每一个环节限时来做，而现在做题的时候就必须要控制时间。
建议大家在新题型中花去的时间千万不要超过15分钟，所以整体上看做阅读时需要注意一个很重要的问题：严控时间。
二、先题后文，切忌通篇
先看题再看文章能够将更多简单的题先做出来，当你发现简单题全部处理完毕之后，剩下的难题可以再重新回到文章当中再去找那些已经被挑剩下的段落。所以不管怎么样一定是先题后文，稍后再文题同步或先文后题。
三、准确定位，关键词VS同义替换
其实阅读只考两件事，一件事情是简单的：看到什么，定位什么，选择什么；而另外一个则是通过定位确定这个位置，然后再进行一个切换之后发现原来这个东西就是另外一个东西。
今年四六级组季会发布的样题中，关于段落信息匹配题是这样表述的：You have to identify the paragraph from which the information is derived"你需要去确认信息是来自于哪一个段落的"。换一个表达方式叫做 which paragraph contains the following information（哪一段包含了以下的信息）。接下来我们用样题来分析一下关键词定位（key words positioning） 和同义替换（paraphrasing）在段落信息匹配题中如何实践。
1、关键词定位（key words positioning）
Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.
像这道题就属于比较简单的题目。这道题是来自于四级样卷的Q47，当这道题出现的时候，同学们应该关注的是划线的两个数据，而20世纪70年代中期这个数据其实它的意义绝对没有3.9%大，因为前方是一个时间段，有可能经常出现，而后方是一个具体数值，具体数值的高频可能性不大，因为对于很多人来说他们都明白越高频的单词或短语的形式越不能成为我们的核心钩划点，3.9%一旦出现就让我们在全文当中展开3.9%的寻找之旅吧！
Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5million in 2004.
这时我们会发现顺序再读的时候四级样卷的C段出现了一个3.9%，这样一个点一旦出现，这一道四级简单的匹配题就结束了。
2、同义替换（paraphrasing）
接下来，我们再来看另外一个匹配的情况，现在是一个稍难的版本，来自于六级样卷第52道题。
A series of books, mostly authored by Americans, warned...
这句话的含义是一个系列的书籍都是由美国作者来完成的，警告说。。
A succession of books, mainly by Americans... Sounded the alarm
这是原文的B段开头，跟它几乎是一模一样，但是很明显六级和四级相比，它的难度就有一点大了。首先，可别看错，在原文中出现一个单词叫succession，它意思是一个序列的，或者是一个系列的一拨儿的，千万不要看成了成功，整句翻译为一个序列的书主要是由美国人来做。大家仔细看一下mainly换成了mostly，而warned，警告，被换成了sounded the alarm，"拉响警笛"或"拉响警报"。由此我们发现，同义替换对于解题是非常重要的。
从这道题中，小编给大家一个提醒：在平时一定要多做同义替换的积累，比如more and more people我们就认为这不是一个好的表达，我们可以把他升级为an increasing number of people。这个版本就要比more and more people好一些，平时多注意同义词替换方面的积累，能帮助你的阅读，也能帮助你的写作。
英语四级六级听力长对话6大边听边记技能
长对话由于篇幅较长，想要听一遍就将主要内容都记清楚，几乎是不可能的。考生只有听一遍的机会，边听边记是听力中一项非常重要的技能，但是做笔记并不是要把听到的每一个单词都记下来，笔记无非是帮助记忆的手段，只要能把重要的信息用可识别的符号记录下来，就算达到了目的。因此为了提高听与记的效率，应注意把握一定的技巧和原则。
一、抓住首尾句
主题句常常是在对话的开头，它对整个对话的内容起一个概括和提示的作用，实际上是说话人所谈论的中心话题。长对话中的第一题很可能是针对对话的开头提问，考查考生对整个对话的主题或所谈话题的把握。
结尾处往往涉及到建议、决定或某种行为等，它对整个对话起到一个总结的作用。长对话的最后一题经常是针对对话的结尾设题，故留意其中的关键动词就成了解题的关键。
【例1】
【预览选项】
[A] To go sightseeing.
[B] To have meetings.
[C] To promote a new champagne.
[D] To join in a training program.
【边听边记】
M: Hi, Ann, welcome back. How’s your trip to the states?
W: Very busy, [19]I had a lot of meetings. …
19. Why did the woman go to New York?
【答案解析】
选[B]。细节题。对话一开始，男士就问女士去美国的旅行怎么样，女士回答说很忙，她had a lot of meetings(要参加很多会议)，由此可知女士去纽约是去参加会议。
二、留意对话中的一问一答
长对话中，对话双方往往出现多个一问一答，而这一恰恰是长对话的一个出题重点，对话后面问题往往就是对话原文中问题的照搬或是同义转述，因此其答案就是对话中紧接问题之后的答语，而且一般不会有同音或近音词的干扰，因此对于这类题目答案的基本原则就是"听到什么选什么"。
【例2】
【预览选项】
[A] Data collection.
[B] Training consultancy.
[C] Corporate management.
[D] Information processing.
【边听边记】
W: What’s your line of business, Mr. Johnson?
M: We are a training consultancy.
25. What is the man’s line of business?
【答案解析】
选[B]。细节题。女士的提问即为本题的提问，答案就在男士接下来的回答中。女士问男士What’s your line of business(做哪一行)，男士回答说We are a training consultancy(我们是培训咨询公司),由此可知答案为[B]。
三、留意重复率较高的词或短语
对话的主要内容理所当然会得到说话人的强调，而一个非常重要，也是非常明显的强调方式就是重复，而且重复的词语往往能够揭示对话的主题。因此对那些对话双方多次提到的词语或内容应进行重点记忆。
【例3】
【预览选项】
[A]The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.
[B]The fall of Karnak’s capital city into the hands of the rebel forces.
[C]The epidemic that has just broken out in the country of Karnak.
[D]The peace talks between the rebels and the government in Karnak. 【边听边记】
W: We now interrupt our regular scheduled news program to bring you live up-to-date coverage on the civil unrest in the newly formed country of Karnak, where our man Stan Fielding is stationed. Stan ...
M: …, rebel forces launched the biggest offensive against the ruling government in the 18-month conflict here in this country.
M:…, rebel forces are also using heavy artillery to pound the positions of government forces around the city center. Rebel forces are closing in, …
M: … this war-torn country …, but that is always a concern if this war lingers on.
22.What is the news coverage mainly about?
【答案解析】
选[A]。主旨题。主旨题的答案往往在开头或结尾，而本题的答案即出自开头的第一句。选项中的latest(最新的)对应该句中的live up-to-date(最新直播)，armed rebellion(武装叛乱)对应unrest()。另外，对话的主题往往会得到多次重复，因此根据后面多次出现的rebel forces, conflict, war等与“叛乱”相关的词语，也可判断本题答案为[A]。
四、留意选项中的要点内容
正确选项往往与原文相似，或是原文的同义表达，因此应注意提取选项中的关键点，在听音时留意其是否在文中出现并加以记录。
【例4】
【预览选项】
[A] Inadequate medical care.
[B] Continuing social unrest.
[C] Lack of food, water and shelter.
[D] Rapid spreading of the epidemic
【边听边记】
W: … what other pressing concerns are there for the citizens of the city?
M: Well, since the beginning of the conflict, starvation, and lack of clean water and adequate shelter have been the biggest daily obstacles facing the citizens of this war-torn country.
25. What is the pressing concern of the citizens of Karnack?
【答案解析】
选[C]。细节题。四个选项中只有[C]项内容在对话中出现，其他三项均未涉及到，故只要抓住对话中starvation, and lack of clean water and adequate shelter或其部分内容，即可判断答案为[C]。starvation意为“饥饿”。
五、留意数字、人名、地名、时间、年代等相关信息
遇到数字、人名、地名、时间、年代时要对相关信息做简要记录，尤其是选项中出现类似的概念时，在听音时更应重点留意。
【例5】
【预览选项】
[A] Late in the morning.
[B] Early in the afternoon.
[C] Sometime before dawn.
[D] Shortly after sunrise. 【边听边记】
M: … Rebel forces are closing in, and it’s feared tha they will be able to take the capital building before daybreak where, it is believed, many government officials are holding out.
24. At what time of day do you think this news report is being made?
【答案解析】
选[C]。细节题。根据原文中…it’s feared that they will …before daybreak.可知，当时报道的时间应该是在before daybreak(黎明破晓前)。dawn相当于daybreak。
六、注意使用缩略语
记笔记一定要迅速，而要想在有限的时间内尽可能比较全面的记录重点信息，使用一定的缩略语和熟悉的符号是十分必要的，主要有以下几种方法：
1. 利用数学符号。
如equal写成“=”; “≠”表示“unequal”;“↑”代表increase/up; “←”表示result from/because/since/for/as;“→”代表lead to/result in/has become into;“↓”表示decrease/drop/dip/fall;“≈”代表about/almost;>表示more than;<表示 less than;“ +”代表include/cover;“-”则是exclude等。
2. 利用数字和其他固定符号。
能用数字或其他固定符号代表的词全部用阿拉伯数字或符号，这样既能节约时间，又能避免拼写错误，如：twenty写成 20; nineteen eighty four记作1984; $=dollar; ￡=pound; 11 in the morning=11 am; 11 in the evening=11 pm等。
3. 创造自己的速写符号。
在平时的训练中也可以使用和创造一些符合自己习惯的缩略语和符号，如u可代表understand(ing); m可代表mean(ing); m=minute; s=second; h=hour; imp.=important/importance; nec.=necessary等。
听力水平的提高不是一朝一夕的事情，而听力技巧的熟练运用少不了长时间的练习。
快速阅读的题型及要求
快速阅读理解部分采用的题型有多项选择题/是非判断、 快速阅读理解部分采用的题型有多项选择题/是非判断、句子填 多项选择题/ 空、完成句子等。一般有10个题目，题型不固定：前7个题目可 完成句子等。一般有10个题目，题型不固定：前7 能是多项选择题，也可能是是非判断题（包括正确、错误和原 文未提及三种情况)，而后3 文未提及三种情况)，而后3个题目一般是句子填空或完成句子， 填入部分通常为名词短语，其长度一般不超过7 填入部分通常为名词短语，其长度一般不超过7个单词。 快速阅读部分采用1 快速阅读部分采用1～2篇较长篇幅的文章或多篇短文，总长度 约为1000 约为1000词。要求考生运用略读和查读的技能从篇章中获取信 1000词 息。略读 息。略读考核学生通过快速阅读获取文章主旨大意或中心思想 略读考核学生通过快速阅读获取文章主旨大意或中心思想 的能力，阅读速度约每分钟100词。查读 的能力，阅读速度约每分钟100词。查读考核学生利用各种提示， 查读考核学生利用各种提示， 如数字、大写单词、段首句或句首词等快速查找特定信息的能 力。
四级快速阅读的特点
1. 文章的体裁一般为说明文，有大标题，也可能有小标题；即使 文章的体裁一般为说明文，有大标题， 没有小标题，说明的层次也非常清楚 没有小标题，说明的层次也非常清楚； 层次也非常清楚； 2. 文章长度大约为1000～1200词，难度适中，基本没有超纲词汇； 文章长度大约为1000 1200词 难度适中， 1000～ 即使有超纲词汇，也不会影响阅读理解， 即使有超纲词汇，也不会影响阅读理解，或者会用汉语在原文 中注明； 3. 文章的内容以科普知识居多，不要求完全理解，只要求能够通 文章的内容以科普知识居多，不要求完全理解 过略读或查读的方式找到题干的信息， 过略读或查读的方式找到题干的信息，并根据原文内容做出正 确选择。 确选择。 4. 命题的顺序基本与原文保持一致，其中以段落的首、尾句处为 命题的顺序基本与原文保持一致，其中以段落的首、 最常考的内容。 最常考的内容。 5. 无论何种题型，基本上都是以细节型题目为主，基本可以从原 无论何种题型，基本上都是以细节型题目为主， 文直接找到答案 文直接找到答案。 6. 命题的正确选项基本上是对原文内容的语意转述或结构互换， 命题的正确选项 正确选项基本上是对原文内容的语意转述或结构互换 对原文内容的语意转述或结构互换， 错误选项是对原文内容的夸大、缩小、偷换表达或无中生有。 错误选项是对原文内容的夸大、缩小、偷换表达或无中生有。
快速阅读解题方法
1. 小标题，大作用 小标题，
在篇幅相对比较短的阅读理解考试当中可以直接用 题目当中的关键词汇定位，但是面对长篇累牍的快 题目当中的关键词汇定位，但是面对长篇累牍的快 速阅读考生首先应当留意文章当中的小标题。 速阅读考生首先应当留意文章当中的小标题。 小标题 注意：与在传统阅读当中靠关键词对应文章不同， 注意：与在传统阅读当中靠关键词对应文章不同， 题目与小标题的对应应该是靠题目整句所谈论的话 题目与小标题的对应应该是靠题目整句所谈论的话 题来对应而非个别词汇。 题来对应而非个别词汇。
快速阅读解题方法
2. Y, N , NG
Y = agrees with N = contradicts NG = not given
Y =agrees with
具体内涵
Yes
同义表达(样题FR 同义表达(样题FR T5); 原意转化(样题FR 原意转化(样题FR T2); 根据原文概括或归纳而成的(样题FR 根据原文概括或归纳而成的(样题FR T1 )。 )。
N=contradicts
具体内涵
No
题目与原文直接相反(样题FR 题目与原文直接相反(样题FR T4); 原文是多个条件并列，题目是其中一个条件( 原文是多个条件并列，题目是其中一个条件(出现 must or only ); 原文为人们对某种事物的理论感觉，题目则强调是客观 事实或已被证明; 事实或已被证明; 原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、程度的词 (样题FR T3 ,6)。 样题FR ,6)。
Not Given
题目中的某些内容在原文中没有提及; 题目中的某些内容在原文中没有提及; 题目中的范围小于原文的范围， 题目中的范围小于原文的范围 ， 也就是更 具体 ( note：但是大于就是 ture 了); note：但是大于就是 原文是可能性，题目是必然性(样题FR 原文是可能性，题目是必然性(样题FR T7); 题目有比较级，原文没有比较。 题目有比较级，原文没有比较。
快速阅读解题方法
3. 定位应注意
留意数字和符号 不知道一个词的意思的话， 不知道一个词的意思的话，您可试估计 这字词是正面的 ( positive ) 还是负面的 ( negative ) 。
注意文字或句子的形式变化
第一种 相同词性的同义替换
rules and regulations——regulations T5
第二种 动-副同义替换
speed up——quickly
第三种 同义、文与数的替换
most of ——57 percentage
特别注意
做题顺序，先看文章标题，知道文章主 要内容，然后看第一小题，在小题部分的定 位词先圈出来，在回原文找。找到第一小题 后，再看第二小题。看一个题，作一个；不 要把文章看完再做题，或题看完再读文章。
比较容易定位的词
A. 不能用中心思想词定位，因为整篇文章都 说的是它。 B. 时间、数字、地点、大写字母的单词容易 定位。 C. 比较长，难的名词容易定位，好找。 D. 定位词找2-3个就行，多了也记不住。最 定位词找2 好是位置不同的两个词。
一般判断N NG的标准 一般判断N和NG的标准
N题: (l)信息与原文相反； (2)将原文信息张冠李戴； (3)将原文中不确定的或未经证实的内容作为 正确的或客观的来表述； (4)改变原文的条件、范围、频率、可能性等。
一般判断N NG的标准 一般判断N和NG的标准
NG题: (l)无中生有； (2)以个别代替整体，即将原文所举例子的 特殊现象推广为普遍现象； (3)随意比较原文中提到的两个事物； (4)将原文具体化，即题目中涉及的范围小 于原文涉及的范围； (5)原文中作者或某个人物的目标、目的、 愿望、誓言等内容，在题目中作为客观事实 陈述。
例子
Colleges taking another look at value of meritbased aid
1. With more and more low-income students pursuing higher education, a number of colleges are . A)offering students more merit-based aid B) revising their financial aid policies C) increasing the amount of financial aid D) changing their admission processes
2. What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago? A) It tried to implement a novel financial aid program. B) It added $ 2.5 million to its need-based aid program. C) It phased out its merit-based scholarships altogether. D) It cuts its merit-based aid to help the needy students.
3. The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to . A) improve teaching quality B) boost their enrollments C) attract good students revenues D) increase their
4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believes . A) it doesn't pay to spend $ 1 million a year to raise its ranking B) it gives students motivation to award academic achievements C) it's illogical to use so much money on only 4% of its students D) it's not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition
5. In recent years, merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based aid due to . A)more government funding to colleges B) fierce competition among institutions C) the increasing number of top students D)schools' improved financial situations
6. What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird? A) They would like to see it reduced. B) They regard it as a necessary evil. C) They think it does more harm than good. D) They consider it unfair to middle-class families.
7. Why doesn't Allegheny College plan to drop merit aid entirely? A) Raising tuitions have made college unaffordable for middle-class families. B) With rising incomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid. C) Many students from middle-income families have come to rely on it. D) Rising incomes have disqualified many students for need-based aid.
8. Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whether the recipients remain . 9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a recommendation from a coach or a referee who their exceptional athletic performance. 10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarships must produce evidence to show their in a particular artistic field.
Thank you for your attention!
1. 俗话(古语)说，……：As an old saying goes/ As an old proverb says, ….
例句：As an old saying goes, god helps those who help themselves.
俗话说，自助者天助之
2. 据报道/据估计/据说/据信，……：It is reported/estimated/said/thought/believed that….
例句：It is estimated that it will take about three years to finish the project.
据估计，需要三年来完成这个项目。
3. 也就是说，……：In other words/Namely/To put it another way/ That is to say, ….
例句：She was too trusting. In other words, she had no head for business.
她太轻信人，换句话说，她没有商业头脑。
4. 一则，……;再则，……(多用于阐述理由或列举)：For one thing, …. For another, ….
例句：It is not wise for students to frequently go shopping. For one thing, most of them have no source of income. For another, they need to spend more time on their studies.
学生频繁去购物是不明智的。一方面，绝大多数学生没有收入来源;另一方面，他们需要在学业上投入更多的时间。
5. 考虑到……：Considering/Regarding/In view of,….
例句：In the view of the fact, this approach is inadvisable.
考虑到这个事实，这个方法是不可取的。
6. 我认为、在我看来，……：In my view/In my opinion/As far as I am concerned, ….
例句：In my view, it is quite important for students to enhance their learning in Chinese.
在我看来，学生加强汉语学习是很重要的。
7. 为了……：for the sake of/for purposes of/in order to achieve sth,…
例句：They seem to have doing nothing but reading, acquiring more knowledge and really essentially just learning for the sake of learning.
他们好像除了读书，掌握更多知识、为了学习而学习之外，什么也不做。
8. 很容易理解/证明……：It can be easily understood/proved that….
例句：It can be easily proved that one cannot achieve success unless he or she keeps on working hard.
很容易证明：除非一个人坚持不懈一直努力，否则他(她)很难取得成功。
一、放音之前
要有效利用题目选项进行预判断，包括推测题目内容和考查内容。在看选项时，要做到以下三点。
一是竖看，确定相同之处。
二是横看，确定不同之处。
三是找出重复性高的词，这些词一般是与主题相关的词，具有路标的功能。
例如：
A)They might be stolen goods
B)They might be fake products
C)They might be faulty products
D)They might be smuggled good
在这四个选项中，竖看相同点为they might be, 横看不同点为stolen goods, fake products, faulty products, smuggled goods. 重复性高的词语为goods,products(产品)。可以推断这道题是关于产品的。在听的时候就需要注意产品是怎么样的。
二、放音之时
我们在听的时候要注意一下几个原则：
1.顺序原则：注意题目和文章的考点有先后顺序对应的关系。所以我们可以边听边看选项，注意在相关选项后面作上笔记以供参考。
2. 注意表示逻辑关系的小词原则：
表示转折和对比的逻辑词：
but，however，nevertheless，while，in fact，whereas， unexpectedly, unfortunately, yet, except, on the other hand, compared to，unlike，instead，in contrast to等等。
表示因果的逻辑词：
as a result; since，due to; because of; therefore, thus, so
3.强调原则：
(1)含义强调
specially，especially，indeed，certainly，only，certainly
(2)解释原则：
which is，that is，which means, that is to say,
(3)举例强调：
for example，for instance，such as，illustrate
(4)结论强调
above all，in short，in a word, in conclusion，all in all，in brief
(5)重复强调
短文中重复率很高的词或者概念往往就是该短文的主题。
4.开头原则：开头往往会引出话题，或是交代文章要论述的内容，这些句子需要仔细听并联系我们平时已有的相关话题信息进行推测文章发生的场景或是文章接下来要谈论的要点，这样有利于提高我们对下面听力文章吸收和理解的效度。此外，开头容易设考点，询问文章主题。
5.结尾原则： 在文章到最后的时刻和问题开始读的时刻中间会有一定时间的停顿。这个停顿相当重要，使得我们明确文章结束以及最后说的什么。结尾也容易设置考点，询问事情的最终结果。
6.人名原则： 无论是不是名人，都要关注人物的身份以及地位、贡献。
7.时间原则：如果选项中出现时间，那么听力过程中出现时间时需要做好相关具体信息的记录。
三、放音之后
放音结束之后要迅速做出判断，选定答案。如果不确定也不要太过纠结，应该放下这道题把精力转移到下一道题的解答上。
长对话10大类标志词
据研究长对话中有90%以上的考点都是由标志词引导提示的，因此在长对话听力中听到下列标志词时要引起高度的重视，集中注意力听清标志词前后的句子。
1. 最高级标志词
形容词、副词最高级：most/chief/primary/main / leading/……
2. 唯一级标志词
only/unique/prefer/every/one/of all/perfect/ ……
3. 因果项标志词
cause/lead to/contribute to/thanks to/owing to/question/answer/why/reason....。
4. 转则项关键词
despite/in spite of/instead/while/from ... to ... /although/not only... but also/.。
5. 序数项标志词
所有的序数词(first , second)/another/the other/next/last/in addition/on the other hand/ ....。
6. 时间项标志词
when/how/today/as/before/after/since/then/until/……
7. 解释项标志词
or/namely/ in other words / that is / that is to say/……
8. 目的项标志词
to/for/ ……
9. 总结项标志词
all in all/in brief/to conclude/at last/in summary/in short/……
10. 强调项标志词
副词：especially/particularly/almost/always/usually/....。
动词：show/remember/note/notice/say/pronounce/ ....。
一、要扫读全文，确定文章的大概结构
如何扫读全文呢?重点去读文章的第一段，如果各部分有小标题，还要读一下各部分的小标题，如果无小标题，则扫读每段的首句，这样做的目的就是为了把握文章的大意和总体结构，同时也能快速的得出后面主旨题的答案。
二、要将考查题目与原文相对应
四六级考试与考研英语一样，在题目的设置上呈现出出题顺序与行文顺序一致的规律。最后一题的答案定位信息点一般不可能在第一段或前面几段出现。所以我们按顺序把每一道题目题干中的定位词先划出来，再按段落顺序依次去定位。那么，何为定位词呢?通常分为两类：第一类是表时间、数字及首字母大写的人名地名等专有名词;第二类是比较长，比较复杂的名词;这里切记，不能用表达中心思想的主题词去定位，因为文章通篇讲的都是它。由于问题顺序和文章行文顺序一致，所以先做第一小题，然后做第二小题，看一道，做一道。千万不要把文章全部看完后再做题，或者全部题目看完后再读文章。
在将题目和文章比对的同时，要善于学会精读重点信息。比如，文中举例处，引语及多个名词并列而不是完整句子的内容，均可略读。此外，要多关注文中的逻辑关系词，对于这些词的把握，有助于我们精确把握重要信息。通常要注意下面三种逻辑关系：
(1)并列、递进关系：and, or, besides, furthermore, what’s more, then, in addition, moreover, in other words;
(2)因果关系：as a result of, on account of , as a result , thanks to, therefore, hence, consequently, because, for, due to, owing to;
(3)转折关系：whereas, however, but, nevertheless, yet, in fact;
最后，要学会运用特殊的标点符号，比如冒号，破折号，小括号。这些标点符号的出现就是对前面的内容作进一步的说明。所以，在阅读文章时，可以跳读这些标点符号后面的信息，从而帮助我们节省更多宝贵的时间并且更加快速地把握文章的主旨。
三、精炼原文，学会概括
快速阅读除了选择题之外，还会有两到三个填空题。对于填空题，我们所要做的是首先确定所缺内容是句子的什么成分，然后根据具体定位信息回到原文去确定所缺内容。要学会去照抄原文或者对原文内容进行概括总结，以确保所填内容信息的完整性和准确性。
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