
一、名词
可数名词和不可数名词:
1.定义:一般来说,个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词,
物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。
2.可数名词的数:
可数名词有单数、复数之分,表示“一个”时用单数,a bird,a teacher,an apple,表示“多个”时用复数。 two birds,five teachers,eight apples.
3.可数名词复数的变化规则.
A、一般情况下,在单数名词的后面加-s构成。如:game-games,boy-boys等。
B、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的单数名词变复数,在词尾加-es构成。如:box-boxes,bus-buses,peach-peaches,dish-dishes。
C、以o结尾,表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-es;表示没有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-s。如:potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,photo-photos,piano-pianos等。
D、以辅音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数,将y改成i后再加-es。如:factory-factories,story-stories,family-families。
以元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数,如monkey→monkeys, holiday→holidays.
E、以f或fe结尾的单数名词变复数,将f或fe改成v,然后再加-es。如:leaf-leaves,life-lives,knife-knives等。
F、名词单数变复数,除了有规则可循的变化之外,还有一部分的变化是不规则的,我们将这部分名词的变化叫做不规则变化。
这些词有: foot-feet,tooth-teeth,man-men,woman-women,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,deer-deer, fish-fish, child-children, Chinese- Chinese, Japanese- Japanese,goose-geese, ox-oxen
4.不可数名词量的表示
不可数名词没有单数、复数之分,但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词计量,我们于是采用这种方法:
a+表示这些东西的单位+of+不可数名词,
如:a cup of tea,a box of milk,a piece of paper等。
如果为了表示多个的概念,我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。
如:a cup of tea---3 cups of tea,a box of milk---12 boxes of milk,A piece of paper---100 pieces of paper
英语动词变化规则
二、动词变第三人称单数
①一般情况 加 –s
如:make- makes ; stop- stops ; help- helps
②以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词 加 –es
如: dress- dresses; pass- passes ; wash- washes ; teach- teaches ; watch- watches ; fix- fixes
③以辅音字母+y 变y 为i结尾的词 再加es
如:study- studies; fly- flies ; try- tries ; carry- carries
④以元音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-es
如: play- playes ; stay- stayes ; enjoy- enjoyes ;
⑤以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”, 如: go- goes ; do- does
三、动词变现在分词(即-ing形式)
1. 一般情况,加-ing 如:go- going ; ask- asking ; look- looking ; watch- watching
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词, 去e,再加-ing
如: write-writing ; make-making ; take-taking; practice-practicing ;
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing
如:get- getting ; sit- sitting ; run- running ; put- putting ; begin- beginning ; swim- swimming ; stop- stopping ; plan- planning ; shop- shopping
四.动词变过去式
1. 一般情况,加-ed
如:look- looked ; play- played ; start-started ; listen- listened
2. 以e结尾的动词,加-d
如: hope- hoped ; use- used ; live- lived ; decide- decided
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed 如:stop- stopped ; plan- planned; shop- shopped
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed
如:study-studied ; carry-carried ; worry-worried ; try-tried ;
五、动词变过去式过去分词不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可主要分为几种情况。
【AAA型】:
put—put—put cut—cut—cut shut—shut—shut
set—set—set hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt
cost—cost—cost ★read/ri:d/—read/red/—read/red/ let—let—let
burst—burst—burst (n. / v. 爆发,突发;爆炸)
cast—cast—cast (v. 1. 投,掷,抛,扔,撒 2. 投射(光、影、视线等)[(+at/on)] 3. 脱落;蜕(皮);丢)
rid—rid—rid (vt. 使摆脱;使去掉) spread—spread—spread
【ABB型】:
(原形→aught / ought→aught / ought)
catch— caught— caught teach— taught— taught bring—brought —brought
buy—bought—bought think—thought— thought
【原形→元音变化→元音变化】
sit—sat—sat meet—met— met find —found— found
get— got—got stand—stood—stood understand—understood—understood
win—won— won hold— held—held shine—shone—shone
dig— dug—dug hang— hung/hanged —hung/hanged
【原形→ “…t” → “…t”】
lose— lost—lost build— built—built spill—spilt—spilt spoil—spoilt—spoilt send— sent—sent spend—spent—spent
smell–smelt—smelt feel— felt— felt mean— meant— meant
learn— learnt/learned —learnt/learned lend— lent— lent
【原形→ “…d” → “…d”】
hear —heard— heard make— made— made have(has) — had —had
pay— paid —paid say— said— said lay —laid— laid
sell —sold— sold tell— told —told
【“ee/ea” → “e..t” → “e..t”】
sleep —slept —slept sweep —swept— swept keep— kept— kept leave— left— left
【ABC型】:
【原形→变形→原形+en/ne】
be(am,is) —was— been be(are) — were— been see— saw— seen do— did —done
go —went —gone beat— beat— beaten eat —ate —eaten give —gave— given
hide— hid —hidden fall— fell —fallen mistake— mistook— mistaken
take —took—taken drive—drove—driven rise—rose—risen ride—rode —ridden
write— wrote— written
【原形→ “-o-” → “过去式-n”】
break— broke— broken speak— spoke— spoken choose— chose— chosen
forget— forgot —forgotten freeze— froze—frozen wake—woke/waked —woken/waked
(原形→ “ew” → “原形-n”)
draw— drew— drawn blow— blew— blown show— showed— shown
*fly— flew— flown
grow— grew— grown throw— threw —thrown know— knew— known
【原形→ “-a-” → “-u-”】
begin— began— begun ring— rang —rung drink— drank —drunk
sing— sang— sung sink —sank/sunk —sunk/sunken swim— swam —swum
【原形-ear → “-ore” → “-orn”】
wear— wore— worn tear— tore— torn bear— bore— born
【原形-ake → “-ook” → “-aken”】
take— took— taken shake— shook —shaken miatake— mistook —mistaken
【原形-i辅e→ “-o辅e” → “-i辅(辅)e”】
drive— drove —driven ride— rode— riden rise— rose— risen write— wrote —written strive(v.努力) — strove— striven
【ABA型】
become— became— become come— came —come run— ran —run
overcome— overcame— overcome
【AB型】(无过去分词)
may— might mus—t must can— could shall— should will— would
名词的练习题
一.写出以下单词的复数.
I _________him _________this ___________her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________
water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
二、写出下例名词的复数形式
1、monkey __________ 2、boy _______ 3、duck _____
4、house_________ 5、bus ________ 6、lady_______
7、sheep _________ 8、deer ________ 9、child_____
10、foot _________ 11、tomato_________ 1 2、ox _____
13、desk________ 14、window ________ 15、pencil_______
16、dish _____ 17、film _______ 18、day _____
19、plane _______ 20、month _________ 21、inch ________
22、village ___________ 23、city ________ 24、family_______
25、knife _______ 26、people ___________ 27、man _______
28、thief _______ 29、chinese _______ 30、glass _______
1、LanLan and I________(是学生).
2、There are _________(许多尺子)on the dask.
3、There are__________(二十八天)in February this year.
4、Give me _________(两瓶兰墨水),please.
5、There are________(五个动物园)in ShangHai.
6、I have ________(三个新铅笔盒).
7、He has __________(许多老照片).
8、Have you_______(两张绿纸)?
五、把下例各句改成复数形式。
1、This is a zoo.__________________________________________
2、I am a good child.______________________________________
3、It is a greedy wolf._____________________________________
4、He is drawing a mouse.____________________________________
5、There is a baby on the floor.__________________________________
六、用正确的名词形式填空
1、Lily and Lucy are my_______(classmate).
2、There are seven_______(sheep).
3、My uncle has two_______(child).
4、How many _______(subway)are there in ShenZhen?
5、Can you give me two bottles of_____(water).
6、I brush my_______(tooth)three times a day.
7、I have two_____(cup)of coffee for breakfast.
8、The____(leaf)turn green in spring.
9、There are some_____(policeman)in the police station.
10、The green sweater is his_______(brother).
七、选择正确的词填空
1、Those_____(fish\\fishes)are very beautiful.
2、Those hamburgers are____(Tom\\Tom's).
3、Nina is at_____(grandma's\\grandma).She went there yesterday.
4、We have 16 new_____(light\\lights).
5、_____(The classroom's door\\The classroom)is broken
6、My friend Edward has three_____(child\\children).
7、Do you like eating_____(rice\\rices)?
8、There are 4_____(tea\\cups of tea)on the desk.
9、How many____(wolfs\\wolves)are there?
10、I like____(chicken\\chickens)better than pork?
八、选择填空
()1、We have some____but we need some____.
A.tomatos; potatos B.tomatoes; potatos.
C.tomatoes; potatoes D.tomatos; potatoes.
()2、The thief has two_____.
A.knife; B.knifes; C.knives; D.knifees;
()3、The lion has big_____.
A.teeth; B.tooth; C.tooths; D.toothes;
()4、-Can I help you? -yes,I'd like some_____.
A.banana; B.pears; C.apple; D.lychee;
()5、Father has_____for breakfast.
A.two piece of bread; B.two pieces of bread;
C.two pieces of breads; D.two piece of breads;
()6、I'm thirsty.I need_____to drink.
A.three bottle of juice; B.three bottle of juices;
C.three bottles of juices; D.three bottles of juice;
()7、There are many_____.
A.banana trees; B.banana tree ;
C.bananas trees; D.bananas tree;
()8、Lily bought_____for Mary's birthday.
A.two pair of ugg boots; B.two pairs of uggs
C.two pair of ugg boots; D.two pairs of ugg boots
()9、-How many_____can you see in the picture? -eight.
A.sheep B.sheeps C.duck D.cow
()10、About ten_____are going to visit the Chinese Art Museum the day after tomorrow.
A.Englishman B.German C. Japanese D.Indian
()11、This room is too small.Ican't find_____for myself.
A.room B.a room C.rooms D.the room
()12、_____love seeing ChengLong's films.
A.Peoples B.people C.People D.person
()13、The room is_____.
A.Lucy and Lily; B.Lucy's and Lily;
C.Lucy's and Lily's; D.Lucy and Lily's;
()14、There were many_____and there weren't___then.
A.factories; subwaies. B.factory; subways.
C.factories; subways. D.factorys; subwaies.
()15、Maths_____my favorite subject.
A.is B.am C.are D.be
()16、Can you give me_____?
A.a paper B.some papers C.some paper D.papers
()17、What's_____name,Peter?
A.he B.the boy C.The boy's
()18、Look at_____photo. Is it nice?
A. Alice B.Alice's C.Alices'
()19、My brother is reading_____.
A.today's paper B.today of paper C.today's papers
()20、There are many pictures on_____.
A.the classroom's walls; B.the walls of the classroom;
C.The walls in the classroom.
()21、That girl is Susan. She is _____.
A.a friend my sister; B.a friend of my sister C.a friend of my sister's
()22、Is that an_____car?
A.Chinese B.Japanese C.English
()23、-Can we put_____here?--Yes,Please.
A.our coats B.our coat C.my coat
()24、She must look after those___.
A.dog B.sheep C.parrot
()25、-What's your name,please?--My name is_____.
A.Wang Ying Hua; B.Wang Yinghua; C.Wangyinghua;
()26、Where are____?
A.the teachers' rooms; B.the teacher's room
C.the room of the teachers;
