在句子中做主语的从句叫做主语从句。
二.主语从句主要有三类:
(1) 由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。
That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
That you are so indifferent bothers me.
That she survived the accident is a amazing.
(2) 用连词 whether 引导的主语从句:whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。
Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
(3) 用连接代词引导的主语从句(连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分).
What you need is more practice.
Whatever we do is to serve the people.
(4)用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的主语从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)
eg:Where we should leave it is a problem.
When they will come hasn’t been made decision.
三.注意点:
1.it 做形式主语,而将主语从句放在句末。
例如:That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
光沿直线传播,这是众所周知的事。
=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.
众所周知光沿直线传播。
When the plane is to take off has not been announced .
= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.
(当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语。)
错:It is a book what he wants.
对:What he wants is a book. 他想要的是本书。
固定用法和译法
(1) It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It is good news that … ……是好消息
It is a question that … ……是个问题
It is common knowledge that … ……是常识
类似的名词:a pity;a wonder;a good thing; no wonder; surprise等。
It is a mystery to me how it all happened.
It is common knowledge that thewhale is not a fish.
It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.
(2) It is +形容词+从句
It is necessary that … 有必要……
It is clear that … 很清楚……
It is likely that … 很可能……
It is important that … 重要的是……
类似的形容词有:strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you .
It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.
(3) It is +过去分词+从句
It is said that … 据说……
It is reported that … 据报道……
It has been proved that … 已证明……
It must be proved that… 必须指出……
类似的过去分词有:known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.
It is thought that he is the best player.
It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.
当“及物动词 + 宾语”较短时,也可用这种结构。
It shocked me that Peter did not tell anybody where he was.
It does not interest me whether you go or not.
2.whether可置于句首引导主语从句,而if不能。
___the 2000 Olympic Games will be in Beijing is not known yet.
A.whether B.If C.Whether D.That
巩固练习:
1. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
2. was to return to school.
A. That really interested him B. What really interested him
C. Which really interested him D. That interest him really
3._______ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.
A. That B. Why C. What D. How
4. ________we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A If B Whether
C That D Where
5. It worried her a bit ______________ her hair was turning gray.
A. whether B. that
C. what D. when
6.What I say and think ___ none of your business.
A. is B. are C. has D have
——————————————课后练习————————————
1. _____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.
A. The estimate B. The estimate
C. They are estimated D. It is estimated that
2. _____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.
A. Which B. Since C. Although D. How
3. _____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.
A. Whoever B. Whatever C. However D. That
4. _____ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.
A. For the reason that he is B. Just because he is
C. The reason of being D. That he is
5. Although _____ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.
A. which B. what C. how D. it
6. _____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.
A. That occurred to her B. She occurred that
C. To her that occurred D. It occurred to her that
7. I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.
A. which B. all C. this D. what
8. We lost our way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.
A. that B. which C. it D. what
9. _____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.
A. Which B. Since C. Although D. How
10. _____ or not is still uncertain.
A. He’s coming B. If he is coming
C. That coming D. Whether he’s coming
11. It’s _____ he’ll be able to come.
A. doubt whether B. doubtful C. doubt it D. doubtful whether
12. _____ he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet suburb, Dick’s life is tied to machines.
A. Whether B. Till C. If D. Unless
13. _____ he saw both surprised and frightened him.
A. That B. When C. What D. Which
14. _____ is a spell of warm sunshine.
A. What do we all need. B. What all we need
C. What we need D. What we all need
15. _____ is a pity that he should feel so upset.
A. What B. That C. He D. It
16. _____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.
A. Remarkable B. Quite remarkably
C. It is remarkable that D. It is remarkable fact that
17. _____ you nominate will be elected.
A. Who B. Whom C. Whomever D. That’s
18. _____ book you borrow must be returned within a week.
A. What B. Which C. Whichever D. That’s
19. _____ of us gets home first starts cooking.
A. Who B. Which C. Whichever D. Anyone
20. _____orders he gives are obeyed.
A. Whichever B. Which C. Whatever D. What