
【学习目标】掌握形容词的用法,并对形容词和副词比较级最高级用法的回顾。
【知识要点】
(一)形容词的用法
形容词:用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。形容词在句中主要用作定语、表语和 宾语补足语。
1.用作定语,修饰名词或代词。
(1)一般置于它所修饰的名词之前;
例如:he is a tall boy
(2)形容词修饰由 some,any,every,no 等构成的复合不定代词时,需后置。
例如: Will you please tell us something interesting? 你给我们说一些有趣的事好吗? There’s nothing special in the box. 盒子里没有什么特别的东西。
(3)enough 修饰名词时,既可以放在名词之前,也可以放在名词之后。
例 如: Don’t worry, we have enough time/time enough to get there. 别着急,我们有足够的时间赶到那
2.用作表语,位于系动词之后。常用 的有 : be, become, get, look, feel, smell, taste, sound, turn, seem, keep, grow
例:The park is very beautiful.这座公园很美。
The soup smells delicious.汤闻上去真鲜美。
That sounds good.那听上去不错.
3.It’s + adj. + (of / for) sb to do sth. 译作“(某人)做某事是…的”。It 是形式主语,不定式结构是真正主语。of / for后面的sb是不定式的逻辑主语。
(1). 当形容词是可修饰人的形容词,即sb和adj.有主系表关系时,sb前用of。如 It’s clever of you to answer the question so quickly. / It’s kind of you to help me a lot. 这样的形容词有:kind, nice, rude, clever, silly, foolish等。
(2) 当形容词是不可以修饰人的形容词,即sb和adj.没有主系表关系时,sb前用for。如 It’s easy for her to clean the window by herself. / It’s important for us to learn English well. 这样的形容词有:easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, dangerous等。
(二)形容词、副词比较级和最高级构成:
1. 单音节词和少数双音节词比较级和最高级的规则变化:
| 规则 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
| 1.在词尾后直接加-er/est | tall | taller | tallest |
| 2.词尾是e,只加-r/st | nice | nicer | nicest |
| 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y变i再加-er/est | happy | happier | happiest |
| 4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加-er/est | thin | thinner | thinnest |
beautiful—more beautiful—(the) most beautiful
3. 由形容词加ly构成的双音节词和多音节词,都是在该词前加-more/most.
quickly—more quickly—(the) most quickly
difficultly—more difficultly—(the) most difficultly
4. 不规则变化:
| good/well | better | best |
| bad/ill | worse | worst |
| many/much | more | most |
| little | less | least |
| old | older(指新旧) | oldest |
| elder(指年龄) | eldest | |
| far | farther(指距离) | farthest |
| further(指程度) | furthest |
1. 原级的用法:
1)甲=乙:甲+be+as+原级+as+乙, 用于两者之间对比,意思为“……和……相同”
Tom is as honest as Jack. Tom 和Jack一样诚实。
Her skin is as white as snow.
My dog is as old as that one.
2)甲不如乙:甲+be not+as/so+原级+as+乙
He is not as(=so)tall as I. 他没我高。
The weather here is not as(=so)cool as the weather in Harbin.
3)甲是乙的几倍:甲+be+数词+times+as+原级+as+乙
This room is four times as large as that one.这间房比那间房大四倍。
2. 比较级的用法:
1)甲>乙或甲<乙:甲+be+比较级+than+乙
Susan is happier than Jane.
His brother is younger than me.
Beijing is more beautiful than here.
形容词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little,far, a lot, a bit, much more来修饰。very, so, too, quite 不能修饰比较级。
2)数字+形容词、副词比较级+than
I’m two years older than you.
3)比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越……”
The earth is getting warmer and warmer.
4)the +比较级,the +比较级结构,表示“越……就越……”
The more I study it, the more I like it.
5)which/who +is +比较级
Which city is bigger, Beijing or Tianjin?
Who is happier, you or me?
3. 最高级用法:
用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the,最高级前有物主代词,序数词和名词所有格时,不加定冠词,后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。
1)one of the +最高级
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
Our city is one of the safest cities in the world.
2)最高级意义的表达方法:
| 例句 | |
| 最高级 | She is the best in her class. |
| 比较级 | She is better than any other student in her class. No other student in her class is better than she. |
| 原级 | No other student in her class is as good as she. |
1)形容词最高级前一般都用定冠词,但当形容词最高级前有物主代词时,则不用定冠词。
e.g.:Today is my happiest day.今天是我最高兴的一天。
Give my best regards to your family. 请代我向你们全家问好。
2) most 有时与形容词连用,前面用不定冠词或不用冠词,意为“非常,很,极其”,用来加强语气。这时它不表示最高级的概念。
e.g.: He is a most friendly fellow. 他是个极其友好的人。
【经典例题】:
1) ---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes,I'm fine now.
A. well B. better C. good D. quite better
答案:B. quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better.
2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
答案:C. much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案。
【经典练习】
1.写出下列形容词的变化形式
(1)tall(比较级) ________ (2)large(比较级)________
(3)busy(最高级) ________ (4)thin(最高级)________
(5)delicious(比较级) ________ (6)much(比较级)________
(7)good(最高级) ________ (8)far(最高级)________
2.句型转换
(1)Shanghai is the largest city in China.(变同义句)
Shanghai is ________ than ________ ________ city in China.
(2)This dress is more beautiful than that blouse.(变同义句)
That blouse is not ________ ________ as this dress.
3.选择.
(1)She always buys ________ clothes though she is rich enough.
A.cheap B.good C.expensive D.beautiful
(2)Now the air in our town is ________ than it used to be. Something must be done to stop it.
A.very good B.much better C.rather bad D.even worse
(3)—Which is _______ , the sun, the moon or the earth?
—Of course, the moon is.
A.small B.smaller C.smallest D.the smallest
(4)The more exercise you do, the ________you will be.
A.weaker B.healthier C.luckier D.worse
(5)The population of China is ________ than ________ of any other country in the world.
A.larger; the one B.more; that C.larger; that D.more; the one (6)The turcky tastes ________the chicken.
A, as better as B, much better than C, as well as D, the best to
(7) I'm not ________ to lift the heavy box.
A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough
(8)The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ________ with me.
A.sad B.pleased C.angry D.sorry
(9)Jone looks so________ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test.
A.happy B.happily C.angry D.angrily
(10)This book isn’t so ________as that one. It’s hard to read.
A.new B.difficult C.easy D.easier
(11)All the students in our class are over fifteen except Li Lei. He is ________ in our class.
A.younger B.the oldest C.bad D.worse
(12)—What delicious cakes!
—They would taste________ with butter.
A.good B.better C.bad D.worse
(13)In our city, it’s ________ in July, but it is even_______ in August.
A.hotter; hottest B.hot; hot C.hotter; hot D.hot; hotter
(14)I like Chinese because it sounds ____.
A, wonder B, wondering C, wonderful D, wonderfully
(15)The book is ________. Most of the teachers are ________ in it.
A.interesting; interested B.interesting; interesting
C.interested; interesting D.interested; interested
(16) These oranges taste________.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
4.按要求写句子(翻译句子)
(1)英语和数学同样重要.
English is ____ important ____ math.
(2)在这两个女孩中,露西的个子比较高.
Lucy is ____ ____ of the two girls.
(3)他买了一件漂亮的蓝色新衬衫.
He bought a ________ ________ _______ shirt.
(4)北京变得越来越美丽了.
Beijing becomes ________ ________ ________ beautiful.
5.用所给词的恰当形式填空。
(1).Which is _______ (big) ,the sun,the moon or the earth?
(2).Which is ______ (beautiful),the black coart or the blue one?
(3)This mooncake is ____ (cheap) of all.
(4).He is _______ (strong) in the class.
(5)English is ____ (widely)spoken in the world.
(6).The red coat is as_______(long) as the blue one.
(7).My sister is not so______(tall) as me/I.
(8)Mike does his homework as________(carefully) as Mark.
(9).They don't get up as____________(early) as We.
(10).He runs as ________(fast) as she.
