The Republican Party follows a conservative policy, and chiefly represents the upper middle-class slant. While the Democratic Party follows a liberal policy, and mainly represents middle-class below.
There are many different viewpoints between these two parties.
◆Abortion
Republicans are opposed to abortion. They call it murder of the fetus. This is called the 'pro-life' stance. It shouldn’t be made legal and Roe v. Wade should be overturned. Some Republicans go so far as to oppose the contraception mandate i.e. requiring employer-paid health insurance plans to cover contraception.
Democrats support the right of abortion, wherein they argue that women should have a right to make decisions about their own bodies. This is called the 'pro-choice' stance, and it is legal.
A related point of divergence is embryonic stem cell research. Democrats support it while Republicans do not.
◆Gun control
Democrats advocate gun control and favor more gun control laws e.g. oppose the right to carry concealed weapons in public places. While the Republicans are fiercely opposed to it, and oppose gun control laws and are strong supporters of the Second Amendment as well as the right to carry concealed weapons.
◆ Gay rights
The Democrats have divergence on the issue of gay marriage. Some Democrats support same-sex marriage, while some are against gay marriage for religious reasons. But almost all of the democrats agree it, as the orientation of gender discrimination is wrong.
Most republican opponents are from conservative southern areas, and their religious belief is very heavy, they believe that marriage should be between a man and a woman so republicans do not support gay marriage.
◆ Military
Republicans follow the doctrine of unilateralism, which says that the United States should use military force without any assistance from other nations whenever a threat to its security or welfare arises. However, democrats believe that the United States should act in the international arena with strong alliances and broad international support.
Republicans Prefer increasing military spending and have a more hard line stance against countries like Iran, with a higher tendency to deploy the military option.Nevertheless, democrats Prefer lower increases in military spending and are comparatively more reluctant to using military force against countries like Iran, Syria and Libya.
◆ Taxes
As the Democratic Party advocates that the government should play a very important role in the national life. Therefore democrats
support progressive taxes. .They want high-income individuals to pay taxes at a higher rate. They support an increase taxes on the wealthy to pay for public programs. Republicans support tax cuts for everyone. Republicans believe that a series of tax cuts has already promoted the development of American economy since 2001. They are against the rating system, and think that the system is robbing the rich to feed the poor. However, Republicans agree there should be a "safety net" to help those poor people, but the policies they support are usually cost less, more dependent on private fundraising, at the same time the qualification of the participate is also strictly limited. They advocate to improve the welfare system for subsidies to accept the threshold, and make the people who rely on welfare subsidies start looking for job.
◆Minimum wage
Democrats favor increase in the minimum wage to help workers. Republicans oppose raising the minimum wage because they think the minimum wage system will only increase unemployment, and reduce the business profit.
◆Healthcare
Democrats want to establish a high quality health care system, and many Democrats called for more government intervention in this field. Most Democrats support a national health care system, so as to solve the risk of high cost of modern medical health.
Republicans are against the national health insurance system which is only leading by the government. They suggest to provide medical insurance for the senior, and provide medical aid for the poor. In the history, the Republicans’ attitude to the welfare system, medical insurance was not the same, republicans had to oppose or support all of these solutions.
The Democratic Party and Republican Party have so many differences, and there are several reasons for it.
Firstly, the Republican and Democratic parties exist due to the strikingly contrasting ethnic and cultural differences of each. Though both parties originally lacked ideological differences, they were clearly separated by difference of beliefs in regards to issues of morality and liberalism.
Democrats believed that the country's government should hold the power to set one concrete moral standard for the entire country. Contrarily, Republicans believed that the government had no place in regulating the moral affairs of society and called for more privacy on such issues.
As religious and moral affairs touched Americans more personally than political matters might have, these differences caused uproar of passionate competition and resulted in the formation of the Republican and Democratic parties.
Secondly, the two parties represent the interests of different class. The Republican Party represents the upper middle class;Its mass base is mainly white-collar workers and young people. After the Second World War, the middle class becomes new support for it. The Democratic Party represents the middle class; the mass base is mainly labour, civil servants, minorities and black. Therefore the two parties have different standpoints.
However, despite the apparent dispute in ideologies, Republicans and Democrats don't always disagree. There are a number of issues where their positions converge. For example, the Democrats have supported the Puerto Ricans for their right to decolonization, mirroring the views of the Republicans on the subject. Also, majorities in both the parties support the death penalty.
The existence of two parties satisfies the needs of internal supervision in the United States; they can check and balance each other, so as to avoid the ruling party abusing the power.
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