——圆柱壳体结构有限元分析
ZY1315228 张晶
1.圆柱加筋壳体结构有限元分析介绍
圆柱加筋壳结构如图1所示,一端固定,表面有分布载荷。结构、材料特性、约束与载荷的具体形式将在后面给出。试用MSC.Patran/Nastran建立圆柱加筋壳的有限元模型并计算它的位移与应力。
图 1 圆柱加筋壳结构
2.模型描述
2.1 结构
1)壳
圆柱壳半径为,长为。它由两部分组成,一部分是复合材料结构,从固定端到中部,长3m,厚6.2mm;另一部分是金属材料结构,从中部到自由端,长3m,厚2mm。
2)加筋梁
有纵向加筋与环向加筋,沿壳分布如图2所示,均为金属材料。
图 2 圆柱壳上加筋梁分布
纵向加筋共沿周向对称分布如图3所示,截面形状为L型,具体尺寸与指向如图4所示。
图 3 周向对称分别L型梁 R=0.53m 图 4 L型梁截面尺寸 w=h=10mm t=3mm
环向加筋共3条,分别位于壳的两端与中部,截面形状为矩形,具体尺寸如图5所示。
图 5 矩形梁截面尺寸 w=h=10mm
2.2 材料
1)金属材料
即copper,,。
2)复合材料
面板(facesheet):,,,。
芯(core):,,,,,。
层合板:由面板和芯组成,具体铺层形式和方向如图6所示。其中每层面板厚0.3mm,芯厚5mm。
图 6 复合材料铺层
2.3 约束与载荷
圆柱壳一端固定,如图7所示。
图 7 固定端
壳的内表面有分布载荷(Y轴如图3所示)。
3.建模过程
3.1几何模型的建立
1.建立新的数据库,输入全局参数,最大尺寸为6米
File/new
New database name: sylindrical shell structure
Ok
⏹Based on model
Approximate maximun model
Dimesion: 6.0
Analysis code: MSC.Nastran
Analysis type: structure
Ok
2.建立名为”shell”的一个新组
Group/create
New group name: shell
⏹Make current
Apply
Cancle
3.绘制一半径为0.5m的圆,并通过面拉伸命令形成壳体
⏹Geometry
Action creat
Object curve
Method 2D Circle
Circle radius 0.5
Construction plane list coord 0.3
Center point list [0 0 0]
Apply
Action create
Object surface
Method extrude
Tanslation vector <0 0 3>
Curve list curve 1
Apply
4.复制刚刚生成的圆柱壳体
Action tranform
Object surface
Method translate
Surface list surface 1
Direction vector <0 0 1>
Vector magnitude 3
Repeat count 1
Apply
5.建立一个新的组取名为”circular_beam”
Group/create
New group name: circular beams
⏹Make current
Apply
Cancle
6.通过复制生成另外两个圆形梁曲线
Action tranform
Object circle
Method translate
Curve list curve 1
Direction vector <0 0 1>
Vector magnitude 3
Repeat count 2
Apply
7.纵向筋的绘制,建立一个名为” longitudinal beams”的新组
Group/create
New group name: longitudinal beams
⏹Make current
Apply
Cancle
8.沿长度方向创建一条直线
Action creat
Object curve
Method point
Starding point point 1
Ending point point 3
Apply
9.通过旋转的方法创建直线,旋转角度为45°
Action transform
Object curve
Method rotate
Rotation angle 45
Repeat count 7
Curve list curve 4
Apply
图 31几何模型建立完成
1.1显示组”shell”,并设置为当前组
Group/post
Select group to post: shell
Apply
Cancle
3.2有限元网格划分
1.将组”shell”设置为当前组
Group/post
Select group to post: shell
Apply
Cancle
2.生成”mesh seed”
⏹Elements
Action create
Object mesh seed
Type uniform
Number of elements:
Number= 32
Curve list curve 1
Apply
Number of elements:
Number= 30
Curve list surface 1.1 2.1
Apply
3. 选择”isomesh”,生成四边形单元
Action creat
Object mesh
Type surface
Elem shape quad
Mesher IsoMesh
Topology Quad4
Surface list surface 1 2
Apply
4.显示组“longitudinal beams” 并且设置为当前组
Group/post
Select group to post: longitudinal beams
Apply
Cancle
5.用curve的方式划分longitudinal beams的网格
Action creat
Object mesh
Type curve
Topology bar2
curve list curve 4:11
Apply
6.显示组“cicular beams” 并设置为当前组
Group/post
Select group to post: circular beams
Apply
Cancle
7.用curve的方式划分circular beams的网格
Action creat
Object mesh
Type curve
Topology bar2
curve list curve 1:3
Apply
8.节点等效
在面的边上重复创建了节点,因此需要将节点等效
Action: equivalence
Object: all
Type: tolerance cube
Equivalence tolerance: 0.004
Apply
图3-2 有限元网格划分完成
3.3 材料属性添加
3.3.1 复合材料的添加
1.facesheet和core材料添加
⏹Material
Action: create
Object: 2d orthotropic
Method: manual input
Material name: facesheet
Input properties
Constitutive model: linear elastic
Elastic modulus 11: 1e11
Elastic modulus 22: 1e10
Poisson ratio 12: 0.1
Shear modulus 12: 1.5e10
Apply
Material name: core
Input properties
Constitutive model=: inear elastic
Elastic modulus 11=: 100
Elastic modulus 22=: 100
Poisson ratio 12: 0.3
Shear modulus 12: 50
Shear modulus 23: 1e6
Shear modulus 13: 1e6
Apply
图3-3 core材料属性
图3-4 facesheet材料属性
2.复合材料属性添加,用core和facesheet材料铺成复合材料
Action: create
Object: composite
Method: laminate
Material name: compsite_layers
Laminated composite
Material name | thichness | orientation | |
1 | facesheet | 3e-4 | 45 |
2 | facesheet | 3e-4 | -45 |
3 | core | 5e-3 | 0 |
4 | facesheet | 3e-4 | -45 |
5 | facesheet | 3e-4 | 45 |
图3-5 复合材料建立完成
3.铜的材料属性添加
Action: create
Object: isotropic
Method: manual input
Material name: copper
Input properties
Elastic modulus= 1e11
Poission ratiao= 0.33
Ok
Apply
4.创建单元属性并将单元属性赋给壳单元
Group/post
Select group to post: shell
Apply
Cancle
⏹Properties
Action: create
Object: 2D
Type: shell
Property set name: composite shell
Options: lanminlate
Input properties
Material name: m:composite_layers
Ok
Select members: ele 1:960
Ok
Apply
Action: create
Object: 2D
Type: shell
Property set name: copper shell
Options: homogenous
Input properties
Material name: m:copper
Thickness: 2E-3
Ok
Select members: ele 961:1920
Ok
Apply
5.建立本地坐标圆柱系
在壳的地步中心点建立一个本地圆柱坐标系,编号1,用于定义纵向L型梁的指向。
⏹Geometry
Action create
Object coord
Method 3point
Coord ID list 1
Type cylindrical
Refer. Coordinate frame coord 1
Origin [0 0 0]
Point on axis 3 [0 0 1]
Point on plan1-3 [1 0 0]
Apply
6.创建L型的单元属性并将其赋给L型梁单元
Action: create
Object: 1D
Type: beam
Property set name copper_beam
Material name: m:copper
Input properties
Beam library
Action create
Object standard shape
Method nastran standard
New section name L
L
W= 10e-3
H= 10e-3
t1= 3e-3
t2= 3e-3
Ok
Section name L
Material name m:copper
Bar orientation <-1 0 0>coord 1
Ok
Select application region: ele 1921:2400
Ok
Apply
Action: create
Object: 1D
Type: beam
Property set name: L-beam
Material name: m:copper
Input properties
Beam library
Action create
Object standard shape
Method nastran standard
New section name rectangle
W= 10e-3
H= 10e-3
Ok
Section name rectangle
Material name m:copper
Bar orientation <-1 0 0>coord 1
Ok
Select application region: ele 2401:2496
Ok
Apply
3.4 固定边界条件建立
⏹ Loads/BCs
Action: create
Object: displacement
Method: nodal
New set name: fixed_node
Input data
Translation Rotations Analysis coordinate frame: coord 0 Ok Selet applicaytion region… ⏹FEM Application region: node 1:29:4 Add Ok Apply 图3-6固定边界加载完成 3.5 建立壳内表面压力场 1.创建一个变化的标量场 ⏹Field Action: create Object: spatial Method: pcl function Field name: linear_load Field type: scalar Coordinate system type: Real Coordinate system: coord 0 Scalar function: 200*abs(‘Y) Apply Create the pressure load that will reference the field function. ⏹Loads/BCs Action: create Object: pressure Method: element uniform New set name: surface_load Target element type: 2D Input data Loads/BCs set scale factor 1 Pressure: Bot surf pressure f:linear_load Analysis coordinate frame: coord 0 Ok Selet applicaytion region… ⏹FEM Application region: ele 1:1920 Add Ok Apply 图3-7 内表面加变化的压力载荷 2.压力载荷和边界条件组装到名为“shell_loads”的工况里面。 ⏹Load cases Action: create Load case name: shell_load Type static Assign/prioritize load/BCs: Disp_fixed_node Press_shell_load Ok Apply 3.6 将建好的模型提交给Nastran分析 ⏹Analysi Action: analyze Object: entire modle Method: full run Job name: cylindrical_shell Solution type: linear static Subcase select Available load cases: shell_load Ok Apply 3.7 读取并查看分析结果 ⏹Analysis Action: access results Object: attach XDB Method: result entities Available jobs: cylindrical_shell Select results file… Select results file: cylindrical_shell.XDB ⏹Results Action: create Object: quick plot Select results cases: cylindracal_shell Select fringe result: stress tensor Quanlity: magnitude Select deformation result: displacements translational Apply 4.结果分析 各部位各层应力—变形图如下 图4-1 z1层 图4-2 z2层 图4-3 复合材料第1层 图4-4 复合材料第2层 图4-5 复合材料第3层 图4-6 复合材料第4层 图4-7 复合材料第5层