America's 50 states have some of the most historically interesting nicknames.
Alabama is known as the "Heart of Dixie"(南部各州的中心) because it is in the very middle of a group of states in the Deep South. "Dixie" itself is a nickname for the American South. It started when Louisiana printed notes with the French word for "ten" on them. "Deece," or "D-I-X," led to "Dixie."
Way up north, Alaska is called the "Last Frontier"(最后的边疆) for understandable reasons. Near the Arctic Circle, it was the final part of the nation to be explored and settled.
Arizona is "The Grand Canyon State"(大峡谷之州) because of the famous winding canyon carved by the Colorado River. The southern state of Arkansas is the "Land of Opportunity."(机会之乡) The state legislature chose this nickname. Arkansas is rich in natural resources and has become a favorite place for older people to retire.
In a popular Spanish book, a fictional island called "California" was filled with gold. Sure enough, plenty of it was discovered in the real California, in 1848. This started a gold rush unlike any other in American history in the "Golden State."(金州)
You would think Colorado would be known as the Rocky Mountain State. But its nickname is the "Centennial State."(百年之州) That is because it became a state in 1876, exactly 100 years after the nation declared its independence.
Connecticut is called "The Nutmeg State"(豆蔻之州) after a spice. Connecticut Yankees, as people in this northeast state are called, are known to be smart in business. So smart that it was said they could sell wooden, meaning false, nutmegs to strangers.
Little Delaware is called "The First State"(第一州) because it was the first state -- the first to approve the new United States Constitution. The Southern state of Florida likes to tell about its sunny days and fine beaches. So Florida is "The Sunshine State."(阳光之州) Florida's neighbor to the north grows some of the sweetest fruit in America. So Georgia is "The Peach State."(桃树州)
Hawaii, far out in the Pacific Ocean, is the "Aloha State."(爱洛哈之州) That is the friendly greeting that means both "hello" and "goodbye" in the native Hawaiian language.
Idaho is known as "The Gem State."(宝石州) This is not because it has diamonds but because it believes it is the jewel of the western Rocky Mountains. Illinois is "The Land of Lincoln."(林肯之地) It is named for Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president who led the nation through the Civil War in the 1860s. The midwestern state of Indiana is called the "Hoosier State,"(胡希尔之州) but nobody is quite sure why.
One story is that the word was used to mean poor farmers or uneducated people. No wonder the state legislature instead calls Indiana "The Crossroads of America."(美国的十字路) Iowa's nickname, the "Hawkeye State,"(鹰眼之州) is in honor of Black Hawk, an Indian chief who spent most of his life in neighboring Illinois!
Kansas also has a "hawkish" nickname: "The Jayhawk State."(笨鹰之州) Jayhawkers were free-state guerrilla fighters opposed to the pro-slavery fighters in the years before the Civil War.
Kentucky is "The Bluegrass State."(蓝草州) Bluegrass is really bright green but looks bluish from a distance. Louisiana is "The Bayou State."(河口之州) A bayou is a slow-moving stream. Hundreds of them flow through this southern state, and many are full of alligators!
Maine, in the nation's northeast, is "The Pine Tree State"(凤梨州) because it is covered in evergreen woods. And directly across the country, on the Pacific Coast, is the state of Washington. It also has lots of evergreen trees so, not surprisingly, it is "The Evergreen State."(常青之州)
The eastern state of Massachusetts is the "Bay State."(河口之州) This body of water separates most of the state from famous Cape Cod.
Six state nicknames are taken from native animals. Michigan is the "Wolverine State."(貂熊州) A wolverine is a small, fierce mammal. The badger is a similar and equally fierce creature and Wisconsin is "The Badger State."(美洲獾之州)
Neighboring Minnesota, "The Gopher State,"(地鼠州) is named for a much nicer animal that builds hills and tunnels. However, "The Land of Ten Thousand Lakes"(万湖之地) is written on Minnesota's vehicle license plates.
North Dakota gets its nickname, "The Flickertail State"(金翼啄木鸟尾之州) not from some bird, but from a little squirrel. South Dakota takes its nickname, "The Coyote State,"(山狗之州) from an animal that thinks flickertails are good to eat!
And Oregon, "The Beaver State,"(海狸之州) borrows its nickname from the large, flat-tailed rodent that uses trees to build dams.
The mid-Atlantic state of Maryland is called The Free State(自由之州). A Baltimore newspaper first called it that during the 1920s when the manufacture and sale of alcohol were banned for a time. Maryland said it wanted to be free from this prohibition.
Mississippi is The Magnolia State(木兰之州). It is named for a tree with big, beautiful white flowers that grows in that hot, southern state.
The midwestern state of Missouri is called The Show Me State(索证之州). The people of that frontier state were once famous for not believing everything people told them.
If you visit the western mountain and plains state of Montana you will know why it is known as Big Sky Country(大天空国).
Nebraska is the only state to have a nickname that honors sports teams! The state university's athletic teams are nicknamed Cornhuskers(剥玉米壳人) in recognition of one of the area's chief crops. The state borrowed the Cornhusker nickname from the university.
The western desert state of Nevada is called The Silver State(产银之州). It was once home to many silver mines and towns that grew up around them. Today, most of them are empty "ghost towns."
New Hampshire, in the northeast area called New England, is The Granite State(花岗岩之州) because of that colorful rock.
New Jersey is between the big cities of New York, New York and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It got its nickname, The Garden State(花园之州), because New Jersey truck farms once provided vegetables to those big cities.
New York, which always thinks big, was called The Empire State(帝国州) because of its natural wealth. The most famous Manhattan skyscraper got its name from the state. It is, of course, the Empire State Building.
If you get a chance to see a red sunset over the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of New Mexico, you will know why that southwestern state is called The Land of Enchantment(迷人之地).
North and South Carolina were one colony until seventeen twenty-nine. South Carolina's nickname is the easier of the two: It is The Palmetto State(扇榈之州) because of a fan-leafed palm tree that grows there. North Carolina is The Tar Heel State(黑油鞋根之州). That is because many of the men who worked to gather substances from trees wore no shoes. They would make turpentine from tar and get the black, sticky tar on the heels of their feet.
The state of Ohio is in the midwest. It is named the Buckeye State(七叶果之州) after a tree that produces nuts similar to chestnuts.
The Great Plains state of Oklahoma is called the Sooner State(抢先之州). That is because of a sale of land in 18. Some people arrived in the territory to claim their land earlier than they were supposed to. They cheated and got there "sooner."
Pennsylvania's nickname is the Keystone State(拱心石州). Just as a keystone holds together a stone arch, Pennsylvania was seen as holding together the young American republic. Pennsylvania is also sometimes called the Quaker State(教徒之州). Its founder, William Penn, and most of his followers, were members of the Protestant Quaker religion.
Rhode Island's nickname is Little Rhody(小罗德) because of its size. The state is smaller than the area around Los Angeles, California.
Tennessee got its nickname -- the Volunteer State(志愿者之州) -- because of the bravery of its citizens. They volunteered to join Tennessean Andrew Jackson to defend the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, against the British army in the War of Eighteen Twelve.
Texas is called the Lone Star State(孤星之州). It gets its nickname from the single star on its flag. This represents the short time Texas was an independent nation battling Mexico for self-rule.
The Beehive State(蜂窝之州) of Utah has no more beehives than any other state. The nickname is from the Mormon Church's symbol for hard work.
The eastern state of Vermont is proud of its beautiful Green Mountains so it calls itself the Green Mountain State(绿山之州). The southern state of Virginia is called the Old Dominion(老自治州).
Long ago, King Charles the Second of England added the colony's coat of arms to his shield. It joined his other dominions of England, Ireland, and Scotland.
West Virginia broke away from Virginia in the 1860s. It is called simply the Mountain State(山脉之州) for the ancient Appalachian mountains.
And we have saved perhaps the most American nickname for last. The western state of Wyoming was once an area where cattle were transported east. And where there are cattle, there are men -- and now women -- to move them. So Wyoming is the Cowboy State(牛仔之州).