组长签字:
学员编号: 年 级: 课时数:
学员姓名: 辅导科目: 英语 学科教师: 钟雪艳 | |
授课日期及时段 | |
教学目标 | 1. 掌握名词的概念、分类 2. 掌握名词的数(单数与复数)与所有格 3. 掌握名词在句中的功能 |
重点难点 | 1.名词的概念、分类 2. 名词的数与所有格 |
教学内容 | |
* 导入 An apple a day keep the doctor away. 一天一苹果,医生远离我。 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Unit 3 中考总复习词类之 名词 关于名词,我们必须掌握大约500个高频名词,名词的数,名词的格。中考考点如下: 一、可数名词与不可数名词 二、名词的单数与复数及其谓语动词搭配 三、名词所有格及其谓语动词搭配 四、单位词 e.g : a drop of water 五、名词在句中的功能,作主语定语等 *知识梳理+经典例题~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 第一部分:语法精讲 单项填空对名词的考察重点放在名词词义辨析,特别是同义词和近义词的辨析上。名词的习惯用法、一词多义、抽象名词具体化,主语和谓语一致,名词动用等方面也是考察的重点。 1、名词的概念、分类 名词可分为:普通名词和专有名词; 专有名词:the Great Wall, Japanese, America,Beijing University,Tuesday,March,Amy 普通名词:包括可数名词和不可数名词 可数名词有: 个体名词,e.g: banana,worker,notebook,desk,city,book,umbrella 集体名词,e.g:class,family,group,team,people,police 不可数名词有: 物质名词,e.g:water,wood, milk,meat,metal,silk,steel 抽象名词,e.g:information, idea, pleasure, noise, room, love, knowledge, advice, money 2、名词复数的构成、用法; 1.单数名词: a/an +(形容词)+可数名词单数。e.g: an English student, an uncomfortable seat, an eraser,an evening, an apple,an ID card,an action movie... 记住特殊:an honest person,an hour , a university student, a UFO. 2.复数的一般构成方法有以下几种: (1) 一般在复数名词后加s,e.g:dog--dogs, cap---caps task---tasks, star---stars, tree---trees (2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es,e.g:watch--watches, house---houses, bus---buses box---boxes, dish---dishes.但:stomach---stomachs (3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es,如:country--countries, story—stories, baby—babies 请区别:如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词,则只须加s,如:monkey--monkeys (4) 以o结尾的词,有生命力的加es, 没有生命力的加s: ( zeros/zeroes 都可以) a. potato---potatoes hero---heroes tomato—tomatoes b. radio/radios zoo/zoos c. photo/photos, piano/pianos,bamboo/bamboos (5) 以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加es,eg:knife--knives, shelf---shelves, life—lives, leaf---leaves, wife—wives, half—halves, wolf----wolves 但:roof--roofs, chief--chiefs, cliff--cliffs (6) 可用how many,many,a few,few,a lot of,lots of,some,any等, 来修饰可数名词复数。 特殊疑问句问数量时,用 how many 来提问。 How many (knife) are there in your pencil-box? 答案: knives 3. 名词复数不规则变化 (1).单复数形式相同的词: sheep--sheep,deer--deer, Chinese--Chinese,Japanese--Japanese people--people(人,表民族时可以加s) (2).特殊变化的单词有: (1) child—children (2) tooth--teeth,foot--feet (3) 表示“某国人”的名词,其变化有三种情况 单复数相同:a Japanese ---- five Japanese, a Chinese ----two Chinese 将man变为men: a Frenchman --two Frenchmen 法国人Englishman---Englishmen 英国人 Englishwoman ---Englishwomen 英国女人, Dutchman---Dutchmen 荷兰人 以an结尾的名词,在后面+s: a German ----- five Germans 德国人 Russian---Russians 俄罗斯人American---Americans 美国人Indian----Indians 印度人 Italian ---Italians意大利人 Korean-----Koreans韩国人 Australian—Australians澳大利亚人Canadian----Canadians 加拿大人 (3).常以复数形式出现的名词: people(人),clothes(衣服),trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) , shorts, pants, socks, physics, goods货物, clothes, woods森林 thanks, fireworks 烟花, scissors 剪刀 这些名词作主语时,同学们应特别注意它们的谓语,用复数。 如:My clothes (be) newer than yours. (4).有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的,应特别加以记忆。如:news(消息),maths(数学),physics(物理) eg: No news is good news. 4.不可数名词特点: (1)只有单数形式,一般没有复数形式,作主语时常看成单数。常见的不可数名词有:water,rice,fish,meat,等。eg:Some bread (be) over there. 答案: is (2)不与不定冠词a/an 搭配, 但是定冠词the可以 (3)表示数量时与量词搭配.eg: a box of milk, a piece of news, a cup of coffee 不定量的表达:much money, some rice, most corn, a little water, a bit of milk, some paper, a great deal of water , all work , little time, lots of money, a lot of time (4)与修饰词 much / a little / a bit of / a great deal of 搭配 (5)常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词。问不可数名词的数时用How much,但问不可数名词前的量词时则用how many +量词+of+ 不可数名词 …? 如: *My mother buys two kilos of meat every day. How much meat does your mother buy every day? *My mother buys two kilos of meat every day. How many kilos of meat does your mother buy every day? (6)下列名词既可做可数名词,又做不可数名词, 意义大不同: 可数名词 不可数名词 a paper 一张报纸 paper 纸 a glass 一个玻璃杯 glass 玻璃 an iron 一个熨斗 iron 铁 a room 一个房间 room 空间 a chicken 一只小鸡 chicken 鸡肉 a beauty 一个美人 beauty 美 a youth 一个青年 youth 青春 a fish 一条鱼 fish 鱼肉 5. 三、名词在句中的功能,掌握名词作主语、表语、宾语、复合宾语、定语、状语和同位语的用法; 1)作主语 My teachers are good to us. The students study hard. Love is everything. Water is important. An apple is on the desk. Beijing is out country’s capital. The Internet is very useful. 2)作宾语 We have three pens. We all like English. 3)作表语 All of them are policemen. 4)作宾补(对宾语补充说明) They call me Lucy. 5)做定语(多用单数形式;但woman\\man做定语是应与被修饰的名词的单复数形式保持一致) We have a class meeting today. Those are apple trees. We can see many men doctors there. 6. 四、主谓一致的用法 1.当class, family, team, group, public 等集体名词做主语时,如果看成一个整体,动词就用单数;看成一个个具体成员时,就用复数 e.g: The class waiting for her. Tom’s family _____ rather big. Tom’s family _________ film fans. (be) 答案:are; is; are 2. news, maths, politics 表示单数意义,动词用单数。 e.g The news her very happy. (make) Maths ___ not easy for him. (be) 答案:makes; is 3. goods, compasses, chopsticks, shoes, glasses, trousers, savings,belongs ,shorts,pants,stocks, scissors 等表示复数含义的词,动词用复数。 e.g The shoes hers. (is/are) The savings ______ for your future use. (is/are) 答案:are; are 请辨析: A pair of glasses _____ on the table. (is/are) Two pairs of glasses ______ on the table. (is/are) 答案:is; are 4. police, people(人们), youth(青年们) 只有单数形式,但表示复数意义,动词用复数。 e.g The police gathering in the street. (be) The Chinese people _____ peace. (love) 答案:is; love 但是: people当“民族”,youth当“男青年”讲时,有单复数之分 e.g He a youth of 20. Many English-speaking peoples _____ this book. (like) 答案: is; like 5. deer、sheep等单复同形的词,动词单复根据具体情况定 e.g A deer over there in the field. A group of deer over there in the field. (are/is) 答案:is; are 6. The poet and musician present at the party. (was/were) The singer and dancer ___ __ just arrived. (has/have) The bread and the butter ready. (are/is) Bread and butter (涂了黄油的面包)__ _ her usual breakfast. (are/is) 答案:was; has; are; is 7. 采取就近一致原则的句型结构: There be … e.g. There a book and two apples on the desk. not only…but also… e.g Not only you but also he __ _ right. either…or e.g Either he or I __ __ wrong. neither…nor e.g Neither she nor I __ ___ right. 答案:is; is;was; was 8. Both … and …的谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g. Both he and his father ________ there. (was/were) 答案:were 9. 表示时间、距离 、金额、度量、书名、国名等的数名词,看作整体,动词用单数。 e.g Eight hours of sleep_____ enough for you . (be) Ten dollars _____ too much to pay. e.g Five minutes _______ enough to do this. Ten mile’s journey _________ tiring for us. A boat’s length _________ as long as the bed. Two pound’s weight ___________OK. 答案:is; is; is; is; is; is
10. each + 单名 + and + each + 单名 every +单名 + and +every + 单名 no +单名 + and + no + 单名 each of + 复数名词 one of + 复数名词 every / each +单名+ and + 单名 等结构做主语时,名词都表示单数意义,动词用单数。 e.g. Each boy and each girl ______ seen the film. (has/have) No teacher and no student _____ come yet. (has/have) Every knife, fork , and spoon ____ to be bought. (has/have) Each of the students ______ a dictionary. (has/have) 答案:has; has; has; has 11. 注: 由 as well as, together with, with, besides, but, except 等词连接两个名词做主语时,动词形式根据这些词前面的名词的单复数来定。 The old man(together) with his two sons ______ left for America . (have/has) Miss Wang as well as his friends _____ waiting there . (is/are) Most of the students in our class except Li Lei __________ sports every week. (play/plays) 答案:is; is; play 12. part of / most of / some of / half of / all of /the rest of / lots of/ a lot of / plenty of 后接名词做主语时,动词的单复数根据of后的名词决定,如是可数名词谓语就用复数,如果是不可数名词,谓语用单数。但one of +可数名词做主语,谓语总用单数。 E.g:Half of his money _______ gone . (is/are) Half of his books ________ new. (is/are) All of the food ______ missing. (is/are) All of her friends ______ very honest. (is/are) One of my friends_________ English. (speak/speaks) 答案: is; are; is; are 13. 不可数名词做主语谓语用单数。 e.g A lot of water flowing the river . Some meat bought from the store. A piece of meat found on the table. A bottle of mile in her hands. A piece of soap on the drawer. 答案:is; was; was; is; is 注意:但当不可数名词前的数量词是可数名词的复数时候,谓语要用复数。 e.g:Two baskets of meat under the table . Three bottles of milk in my cupboard. 答案:are; are 14.用不定量的词来修饰的不可数名词做主语谓语用单数: much money, some rice, most corn, a little water, a bit of milk, some paper, a great deal of water , all work , little time, lots of money, a lot of time e.g: Much money in his bag. (is / are) Some paper put in her backpack. (was/were) 答案:is; was 7. 五、名词的格 1. 名词所有格的构成方法: 在名词后加 's, e.g:Tom→Tom's译为“…的” 以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加 ' 即可。e.g:Teachers'Day , twoweeks'holiday 不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加's eg:Children's Day 2. 关于名词所有格,应掌握以下几点: 1).可用名词所有格表示地点,e.g:my aunt's 我姑姑家 go to the doctor's 去医生家。 2).表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加's e.g:Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的 3).掌握词组:a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 eg: The white shirt is and blue one is . A、Kate,my B.Kate's,mine C.Kate,mine D.Kate's,my 答案:B | |
随堂练习: I.翻译 1.三双鞋 ________________________ 2.二十个女教师 ___________________________ 3.两瓶橘汁 ___________________________ 4.Tom父亲的一个朋友 _____________________ 5.少年宫 ________________________ 答案: 1. there pairs of shoes; 2. twenty women teachers; 3. two bottles of orange juice; 4. A friend of Tom's father's; 5. the Children's Palace II. 选择题 ( ) 1. Could I have three ___________, please? A.piece of bread B.piece of breads C.pieces of bread D.pieces of breads ( ) 2. —Oh,there isn’t enough______for us in the lift. —It doesn’t matter. Let’s wait for the next. A. ground B. floor C. place D. room ( ) 3. You must look after those______. A.dog B.sheep C.parrot D.cat ( ) 4. In our school there are forty____and eight hundred and sixty____. A.Woman teachers; girl students B.Women teachers; girl students C.Women teachers; girls students D.woman teachers; girl students ( ) 5. Today is September 10th.It's_____Day. A.Teachers B.Teachers' C.the Teachers' D.Teacher's ( ) 6. These Germans want to have some____for supper,so they decide to catch ____now. A.fish, many B.fishes, much C. fish, much D.fishes, many ( ) 7. I am thirsty.Would you bring me_________,please? A.some bread B.some water C. some cakes D.some eggs ( ) 8.Some_________are flying kites near the river. A.child B.boy C.boys D. childs ( ) 9.The rich_________not always happy. A.are B.is C.have D.has ( ) 10.In Britain,_________are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box ( ) 11.There are four_______and two________in the group. A.Japanese,Germen B.Japaneses,Germen C.Japanese,German D.Japanese,Germans ( ) 12.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_________. A.home B.family C.house D.country ( ) 13.Mother brought me_________. A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two news ( ) 14.March 8th is _________Day. A.Woman's B.Women's C.Womans' D.Women ( ) 15.We can do the work better with______money and ______ people. A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few, few ( ) 16.There are three_________in our class. A.Zhou's B.Zhous C.Zhous' D.Zhous's ( ) 17.It's about ten_________walk. A.minute's B.minutes' C.minute D.minutes ( ) 18.This room is_________. A.Bill and David's B.Bill's and David's C.Bills and David's D.Bill and David ( ) 19.Beijing is one of the most beautiful_________in China. A.city B.cities C.citys D.the cities ( ) 20.Would you like_________? A.some more meat B.any more meat C.many more meat D.more much meat ( ) 21.—What can I do for you, sir? —I'd like two_________. A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks ( ) 22.Tom's car is more beautiful than_________. A.his brother's and sister B.his brother and sister C.his brothers and sisters D.his brother's and sister's ( ) 23.“Nightingal Prize”is for_________. A.workers B.scientists C.doctors D.nurses ( ) 24.The market isn’t far from here. It’s only ____bicycle ride. A.half an hours’ B.half an hour’s C.half an hour D.an hour and a half ( ) 25.-----help yourself to _______. ---------Thank s. Mum…it tastes good. A.some chickens B.a chicken C.some chicken D.any chicken ( ) 26.—What _____do you like best? —I like football. A.food B.subject C.sport D.music ( ) 27.-------Whose room are these?------they are our____. A.teacher’s room B.teachers’ room C.teachers’ rooms D.rooms of teachers ( ) 28.That’s ________ A.a red shirt of Mary B.a red shirt of Mary’s C.Mary’s a red shirt D.Mary’s the red shirt 【答案】1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.A 21..C 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. C 28. B |