Unit 3 Language Points
hear of: know about (Lesson 16, P24)
The vast majority of these citizens have never heard of the plan.
Have you ever heard of the director and his film?
be supposed to do: should (Lesson 16, P24)
You’re supposed to report it to the police as soon as possible.
You’re not supposed to abandon your car on the motorway.
The law is supposed to help the poor.
Why + not: used to introduce a suggestion (Lesson 16, P24)
Why don’t we go swimming this afternoon? It’s so hot today.
A: “I’ll ring her up when I go out to lunch.”
B: “Why not do it now?”
for sure: certainly so (Lesson 16, P25)
She won’t lend you any money and that’s for sure.
He couldn’t be for sure how effective it had been.
make up one’s mind: decide (Lesson 20, P30)
He made up his mind to catch up with his classmates.
They’ve made up their minds to raise some money and start their own business.
first-idioms: (Lesson 20, P30)
A. first thing: early in the morning
He said he’d phone back first thing tomorrow.
B. first things first: taking things in the proper order of importance
First thing first—was anyone hurt?
C. first come, first served: the person who arrives first will be served first
Free tickets will be given out on a first come, first served base.
D. first and foremost: most importantly; more than anything else
In spite of her recent success as a novelist, she remains first and foremost a poet.
E. at first hand: directly
I got the information from her at the first hand.
edge-phrases:
A. on the edge: at the point of sth. serious/bad
He felt he was on the edge of madness. (=He was going mad.)
B. have the edge on/over: be slightly better than or have a (slight) advantage over
She has the edge on the other students because she spent a year in England.
C. on edge: nervous; edgy
I’m sorry if I was rude to you—I’m a bit on edge at the moment.
D. take the edge off: lessen the force of
His smile took the edge off her anger.
even though/even if: used to call attention to the extreme nature of what follows (Para.1,Lesson 22, P32)
She won’t leave the TV set even though we are waiting for her to leave.
Even if you disagree with her, she’s worth listening to.
…of which (Para.1,Lesson 22, P32)
He mentioned the book the title of which I count remember now.
My tea-cup, the handle of which was broken, was a birthday gift by my wife 10 years ago.
make up: form (Para.1,Lesson 22, P32)
Are all animal bodies made up of cells?
Women now make up tow-fifths of the British labour force.
get into trouble = be in trouble: do sth. that will bring unhappiness/ punishment (Para.2,Lesson 22, P32)
She gets into trouble with repayment.
Often if a child is in trouble with the police, a social worker will visit the family.
heighten: make greater in size (Para.2,Lesson 22, P32)
What he did heightened our anger.
We should try to calm people’s fears rather than heighten them through uncertainty.
spot: pick out with eyes; see or recognize, esp. with effort or difficulty (Para.2,Lesson 22, P32)
We suddenly spotted another boat about a mile away.
He spotted his friends in the crowd.
Usage of V-ed form: (Para.4,Lesson 22, P32)
Viewed from a distance, the lake looked like a mirror. (time)
When bought, the ticket will be immediately sent to you. (time)
Injured in an accident, John was fired by his boss. (cause)
Confined to bed, she needed to be waited on in everything. (cause)
Given enough time, he could do better. (condition)
Mocked at by everybody, Arthur had my sympathy. (concession)
An old man sat there telling a story, surrounded by a group of children. (manner)
be famous for: be popular/known for (Para.4,Lesson 22, P32)
This city is famous for hot springs.
France is famous for its fine food and wine.
Usage of V-ing form: (often making…Para.1; including…Para.4,Lesson 22, P32)
Walking along the river, I met an old friend of mine. (time)
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. (cause)
Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. (concession)
He opened the door, thus giving them a chance to rush in. (result)
It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that area. (result)
I felt, striking my head against the door and cutting it. (result)
Unless paying credit card, please pay in cash. (condition)
She sat at the window, thinking about what to do next. (manner)
I wrote to bill, thanking him for his help. (complement)
1. 习题
1.There was a ________ in the shop when a fire started.
A.fantasy B.sound C.excitement D.panic
2.They waited in ________ to hear the end of the story.
A.realism B.suspense C.dream D.trouble
3.Can you provide any evidence that he was ________ of the crime?
A.typical B.possible C.innocent D.probable
4.When ________, the TV set will be immediately sent to your house.
A.buying B.to buy C.bought D.buy
5.I wrote down his telephone number, so that I ________ remember it.
A.need B.had to C.might D.must
小幽默 Cost of Marriage
A little boy asked his father: “Daddy, how much does it cost to get married?”
The father replied: “I don't know, son.I 'm still paying!”
注释: pay 这个词不仅是“付帐”的意思,还有“付出代价”的意思。
幽默点:婚姻的责任(一个人不仅需要支付结婚费用,婚后一直需要付出,爱的付出,责任的付出,等等。)
习题解析
1.D 句子的意思是,商店里着火后引起了很大的恐慌。Fantasy, 幻想,幻觉。Sound, 声音。Excitement, 刺激,激动,兴奋。Panic, 慌乱,恐慌。
2.B 这个句子的语言背景可能是,有人正在讲故事,还没有到结尾,人们都焦急地等待着故事的结尾。In suspense, 处在悬念中。Realism, 现实主义。Dream, 梦,梦境;做梦。Trouble, 麻烦,困境。
3.C 句子的意思是,你能否提供他无辜的任何证据?Innocent of sth, 无辜,无罪,没有犯某罪或做某事。Typical, 典型的。Possible 和 probable 都有“可能的”意思,不过前者比后者的可能性要小一些。
4.C 这句话的意思是,如果买了以后,电视会被很快送到你家。When bought 相当于 When it is bought。这里只用了buy 的过去分词形式,省略了其他部分。
5.C 情态动词might 表示可能。也许说话人经常记不住别人的电话号码,这次虽然写下了也未必就一定能记住。其他几个情态动词的意思是不一样的:Need, 需要,必需。Had to, 不得不。Must, 一定,必须。
学习技巧 错误不可怕
Don’t be afraid of making mistakes when you talk.If you do not speak, you will not learn to talk.Try to note the things you do not say quite correctly when you are doing speaking activities in the classroom.If you note them, you will be more likely to get them right next time.
练习口语时不要担心出错。如果你不开口练习,则永远也讲不好外语。做课堂口语练习时可以记一下自己出现的错误,以便下次纠正过来。Vocabulary:
Choose the best answer for each of the following items. 请选择题型 Vocabulary Grammar Dialogue Reading
1.All the people in the country have the serious accident.
A.heard from
B.heard out
C.heard of
D.heard in
答案:C
这个练习是帮助复习 hear 的一些词组的用法的。首先可以采取排除法,排除选项B 和 D。Hear from, 收到某人的来信、消息。Hear of, 听说,听到。
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2. Are you to do homework every day?
A.supposed
B.believed
C.thought
D.ought
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答案:A
Be supposed to do sth 根据安排、计划或道理,应该做某事。Believe, 相信。Think, 想,认为。Ought to, 情态动词,意思是“应该”。
3.I don't know the number – I'll look in the telephone book.
A.make sure
B.as sure
C.of sure
D.for sure
答案:D
这个练习帮助复习 sure 的几个短语的用法。Make sure, 确认,核实;设法确保某事顺利进行。For sure, 一定,毫无疑问。As sure as (而不是 as sure), 经常用在一些习语中,表示确定无疑,的的确确。如:As sure as I'm standing here, as sure as fate. 选项C 中的 of sure 是不存在的。
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4.She made up her to start her own company.
A.brain
B.mind
C.idea
D.thought
答案:B
Make up one's mind, 打定主意,做出决定。是习惯用法。 Brain, 头脑,大脑。Mind, 心思,心智,智力,神志。Idea, 主意,想法。Think, 想,思考,认为。
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5.The boy will be punished if he gets into at school.
A.influence
B.appearance
C.society
D.trouble
答案:D
Get into trouble, 惹麻烦。是习惯用法。Influence, 影响。Appearance, 外貌。Society, 社会。Trouble, 困境,麻烦。
6.He knew he did something wrong. As he waited, his fears .
A.heightened
B.raised
C.influenced
D.combined
答案:A
从前后句子的语境来看,由于做错了事情,在等待的时候,他的恐惧感加剧了。Heighten,加剧,加强。Raise, 升起,举起。Influence, 影响。Combine, 联合。
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7. If you don't want to get into difficult situation, you'd better some money.
A.rise
B.arise
C.raise
D.steal
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答案:C
短语 raise money 的意思是,筹集资金。Rise, 上升,升起。Arise, 产生,发生,出现。Raise, 升起,举起。Steal, 偷盗。
8. The story in today's newspaper is told from different points of .
A.way
B.view
C.thought
D.mind
答案:B
Point of view, 观点,看法。固定用法。Way, 方法。View, 观点,看法。Think, 想,认为。Mind, 心思,心智,智力,神志。
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9.Though he was dressed in working clothes, I him at once.
A.realized
B.spotted
C.understood
D.considered
答案:B
句子的意思是,尽管他穿着工作服,我还是一眼就认出了他。动词 spot 有“从众多的数目中间辨别出,辨认出”的意思。Realize, 实现。Understand, 理解。Consider, 思考,考虑。
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10.This town is for its beautiful buildings.
A.famous
B.unknown
C.innocent
D.different
答案:A
句子的意思是,这座城市以其众多漂亮的建筑而闻名。Be famous for 以……而出名。 Unknown, 未知的,不详的;不出名的,不熟悉的。Innocent, 无辜的;清白的;无恶意的;头脑简单的。Different, 不同的。
11.What children read in books and see on TV their thinking and behaviors.
A.combines
B.raises
C.heightens
D.influences
答案:D
句子的意思是,孩子们从书本里阅读到的和从电视上收看到的内容会影响他们的思想和行为。Combine, 联合,组合。Raise, 升起,举起。Heighten, 加剧,加强。Influence, 影响。
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12. I have seen all his films, the last.
A.containing
B.combining
C.including
D.having
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答案:C
如果这个句子不给任何选项,空格里仅有的几个可能就是“包括”或者“除了,不包括”等概念。Contain, 包含。Combine, 联合,组合。Include, 包括。Have, 有。
13. I have heard two of the accident, which are different from yours.
A.versions
B.translations
C.directions
D.techniques
答案:A
这句话的语言背景可能是某地发生了一个事故,大家众说纷纭。句子的意思是,这件事情我已经听到两个不同的说法(版本)了,都跟你说的不一样。Version, 版本。Translation, 翻译。Direction, 方向。Technique, 技巧。
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14.The young man lives in a world of and refuses the real facts.
A.appearance
B.fantasy
C.mind
D.exhibit
答案:B
句子的意思是,这个年轻人生活在虚幻的世界里,拒绝接受真实的世界。Appearance,外貌,外表。Fantasy, 幻想,幻觉。Mind, 心思,心智,智力,神志。Exhibit, 展览。
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15. ,I like his literary works, but many people do not.
A.Generally
B.Publicly
C.Personally
D.Considerably
答案:C
这个句子中用了but, 前后明显有转折的含义。句子的意思是,我个人很喜欢他的文学作品,不过很多人不喜欢。Generally, 一般来说。Publicly, 大庭广众地。Personally, 就个人而言。Considerably, 明显地,显著地。
16. There was a in the shop when a fire started.
A.fantasy
B.sound
C.excitement
D.panic
答案:D
句子的意思是,商店里着火后引起了很大的恐慌。Fantasy, 幻想,幻觉。Sound, 声音。Excitement, 刺激,激动,兴奋。Panic, 慌乱,恐慌。
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17. Buying so big a house will a fortune.
A.take
B.spend
C.make
D.cost
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答案:D
短语 cost a fortune, 意思相当于 very expensive, 非常昂贵的。Make a fortune, 发大财。其他两个词一般不跟 a fortune 搭配。
18. David has a new for cooking delicious meat and fish.
A.technique
B.agent
C.influence
D.experience
答案:A
句子的意思是,David学会了一种新的技巧来做香喷喷的肉和鱼。Technique, 相当于 skill, 技巧,技术。Agent, 代理。Influence, 影响。Experience, 经验。
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19.They waited in to hear the end of the story.
A.realism
B.suspense
C.dream
D.trouble
答案:B
这个句子的语言背景可能是,有人正在讲故事,还没有到结尾,人们都焦急地等待着故事的结尾。In suspense, 处在悬念中。Realism, 现实主义。Dream, 梦,梦境;做梦。Trouble, 麻烦,困境。
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20.Can you provide any evidence that he was of the crime?
A.typical
B.possible
C.innocent
D.probable
答案:C
句子的意思是,你能否提供他无辜的任何证据?Innocent of sth, 无辜,无罪,没有犯某罪或做某事。Typical, 典型的。Possible 和 probable 都有“可能的”意思,不过前者比后者的可能性要小一些。
2.Grammar:
Choose the best answer for each of the following items. 请选择题型 Vocabulary Grammar Dialogue Reading
1. It is better to ask him he should refuse.
A.even though
B.if
C.in case
D.until
答案:A
从前后两个分句的内容来看,空格处应该是表示让步关系的连词。Even though, 即使。If, 如果。In case, (以防)万一。Until, 直到。
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2. He mentioned the film, the title is memorable for all of us.
A.of it
B.of which
C.which
D.whose
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答案:B
定语从句由关系代词 which 引导时,其前一般用逗号与主句隔开。而且可以用 sth of which 这样的格式来表示这个sth 是属于被修饰的先行词的。
3. When , the TV set will be immediately sent to your house.
A.buying
B.to buy
C.bought
D.buy
答案:C
这句话的意思是,如果买了以后,电视会被很快送到你家。When bought 相当于 When it is bought。这里只用了buy 的过去分词形式,省略了其他部分。
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4.Not his phone number, they couldn't get in touch with him.
A.known
B.knew
C.to know
D.knowing
答案:D
做这个题目时的关键是要搞清楚,是谁不知道他的电话号码?是他们,即整个句子的主语,所以“不知道”这个概念是主动形式的,只能选knowing.
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5.I the Picasso exhibit yet. How about you?
A.didn't visit
B.wasn't visiting
C.hadn't visited
D.haven't visited
答案:D
现在完成时表示说话之前做过某事,重点在做过的概念上,强调与现在的关系或对现在的影响。现在完成时的句子中经常用 yet, already 等词。
6. I wrote down his telephone number, so that I remember it.
A.need
B.had to
C.might
D.must
答案:C
情态动词might 表示可能。也许说话人经常记不住别人的电话号码,这次虽然写下了也未必就一定能记住。其他几个情态动词的意思是不一样的:Need, 需要,必需。Had to, 不得不。Must, 一定,必须。
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7. My friends in Boston invited me them.
A.visiting
B.to visit
C.visit
D.visited
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答案:B
动词invite 后常常跟不定式,请求某人做某事。
8. Is there any good film Channel 8 tonight?
A.on
B.in
C.by
D.for
答案:A
在某一广播或电视频道上,一般用介词 on.
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9.The film soon became known the world.
A.between
B.among
C.during
D.throughout
答案:D
Throughout the world, 遍及全世界,世界范围内。
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10.It is a wonderful show based traditional Mexican dances.
A.on
B.by
C.with
D.at
答案:A
Base sth on sth else, 以……为根据、依据。
3.Dialogue:
Choose the best answer for each of the following items. 请选择题型 Vocabulary Grammar Dialogue Reading
1.—Have a good time on your holiday!
— .
A.Thank you, and you too.
B.That's all right.
C.Good. Why not?
答案:A
在实际交流中,当听到对自己的祝贺、赞美、恭维等话语时,一般要首先对对方表示感谢。
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2.—I've always wanted to swim in that lake.
— .
A.What do you think of the coach?
B.Really? Could you tell me why?
C.The weather forecast says it is going to rain soon.
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答案:B
首句:我一直想在那个湖里游泳。A句:你认为那个教练怎么样?B句:是吗?你能告诉我为什么吗?C句:天气预报说,很快要下雨了。A句和C句前言不搭后语。
3.—I hear you've got a new house.
— .
A.No news is good news.
B.Please tell me where it is.
C.Yes. I just bought it last month.
答案:C
首句:我听说你买了新房子。A句:没有消息就是好消息。B句:请告诉我在什么地方。C句:是的,我上个月买的。A句前后没关联。B句应该是出自第一个说话人的口的话。只有C 句符合语境。
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4.—Hi, Peter! How was your tour?
— .
A.Why didn't you come with me?
B.It took me a whole week.
C.Oh, it was really a lot of fun.
答案:C
首句询问“旅游情况怎么样?”A 句:你为什么不跟一起去呢?B:句:我用了一整个星期。C句:确实很好玩。C句内容最恰当。
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5.—Let me help you open that bottle.
— .
A.Never mind. I have no idea about it.
B.Thanks. I really appreciate it.
C.Thank you for telling me about it.
答案:B
首句:我来帮你打开瓶子吧。A句:没关系,我一点主意也没有。B句:谢谢,真的很感谢。C句:谢谢你告诉我。B句符合语境。
4.Reading:
Read the following passages and choose the best answer for each of the following questions. 请选择题型 Vocabulary Grammar Dialogue Reading
Passage 1
Manners
Learning the language of a country isn't enough. If you know the manners of your foreign friends, you will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own.
A visitor to India should remember it is impolite there to use the left hand for passing food at the table. The left hand is for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man shaking his head at another to show that he is disagreeing. But in many parts of India a side-to-side movement of the head is to show agreement. In Bulgaria you shake your head to show "yes"—a nod shows "no".
In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs while sitting and talking to someone, even at an important meeting. But doing this could cause offence to a Thailander. Touching the head of a grown-up is also not done in Thailand.
Knowing about manners is useful when you are traveling, and you also need to know the language used to express the customs.
1. If you are staying in India, you'd better .
A.not use your left hand to pass food at the table.
B.use your left hand to pass food at the table.
C.not use your left hand to wash yourself.
D.use your left hand at all times.
答案:A
短文第二自然段谈到了印度人利用左手的习惯。 原文
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2. To shake your head means “Yes” .
A.in India
B.in Europe
C.in Bulgaria
D.in Thailand
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答案:C
见短文第二自然段最后一句 In Bulgaria you shake your head to show "yes"—a nod shows "no". 原文
3. You can easily make a Thailander angry by .
A.touching his head
B.crossing your legs while talking to him
C.shaking your head
D.nodding your head
答案:B
见短文第三自然段。根据短文,在泰国触摸成年人的头是不礼貌的。 原文
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4.The writer thinks that to know about a country well one must .
A.know the language of the country
B.know the manners of the country
C.know the manners better than the language
D.know both the language and the manners
答案:D
短文最后一个自然段既强调了manners 的重要性,也说明了 language 的重要性。 原文
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5.We can learn from the passage that .
A.different countries have different manners.
B.the manners in Thailand are the same as those in India.
C.one should be careful not to cross legs in Europe.
D.one should not touch a grown-up's head in India.
答案:A
根据短文,选项A是正确的。不同的国家行为方式不同,礼节不同。
Passage 2
Cooperation means working together for the benefit of all. Without cooperation modem society could not exist. Cooperation has been at its best among the farmers in the dry areas of certain parts of Australia and Africa. The fields have been watered in these areas. Crops can not be grown without water. For this purpose, canals and reservoirs have been built. The canals have been cut through the fields of not only one farmer. Those who live higher up the valley than the others have permitted canals to be built through their land in order to carry water to the fields of farmers lower down. When there is a long period without rain, all share the water. Instead of taking all the water for themselves, the farmers in the higher land leave enough water for their neighbors down the valley. Farming in the dry areas has been made possible by such cooperation. By cooperation farmers have learned to make even the desert produce crops.
1. Cooperation means .
A.working together for the benefit of some people
B.working together for the benefit of some people
C.working together for the interests of all
D.working for others
答案:C
短文第一句话点出了主题。 原文
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2. A reservoir is used .
A.to keep the fields wet
B.to store water
C.to prevent farmers from getting water
D.to join canals
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答案:B
从 reservoir 这个单词的词义可以得出选项 B 是正确答案。
3. In dry weather the farmers who live higher up the valley .
A.share the water with their neighbors
B.keep all the water for themselves
C.build canals across the fields of other farmers
D.work hard to store water
答案:A
从短文中间的部分可以得知,生活在高处的农场往往跟生活在低处的农场共享水资源。
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4.Crops can be produced in desert .
A.by cooperation
B.without being watered
C.by building canals
D.both A and B
答案:A
本段文字的核心就是介绍cooperation 的重要性。短文最后两句话提及沙漠变良田的可能。Farming in the dry areas has been made possible by such cooperation. By cooperation farmers have learned to make even the desert produce crops.
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5. Farmers have dug the canals through .
A.the fields of more than one farmer
B.the field of only one farmer
C.the desert
D.the valley
答案:A
农场之间经常合作共同挖掘运河,运河往往经过不只一家农场的土地。
Passage 3
There are some surprises in the recent happiness research findings. Women are likely to feel happier at work and less happy at home, according to studies by Mike Carson, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. For men it was the opposite.
In fact, the happiness lines on charts for men and women cross at about 5 p.m. when people go home. But by 8 p.m., women's happiness comes back after they have finished cooking and doing whatever they have to do, Carson says.
"For women, going to work is like an escape. Women think that nothing bad can happen at work. For the husband, work is where his identity is on the line and home is like play," Carson says.
What leads to happiness? Part of it is handed down from birth. But a significant part of happiness involves factors that you can influence: how much control you have over your life, if you have enough money to live on, if you have close personal relationships, if you are doing something that challenges your mind and your skills.
Activities that make people happy are love or being loved, spare time activities and eating, according to Carson.
Busy people are often eager to have some free time. But free time alone won't make you happy.
"Generally when people have nothing to do, they don't feel happy. Free time is less happy-making than work. You have to invest energy into making yourself happy. You have to make it happen. It doesn't happen on its own."
1. According to Carson's research, when people men are as happy as women.
A.are free
B.go home
C.are at work
D.go to work
答案:B
尽管男人和女人在家里和在工作时幸福的感觉是相反的,the happiness lines on charts for men and women cross at about 5 p.m. when people go home. 说明下午下班回家的时候男人和女人幸福的感觉程度基本是一致的。
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2. In Carson's opinion, going to work .
A.means a lot of duties for women
B.is great fun for men
C.means freedom from the boring housework for women
D.brings satisfaction to men
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答案:C
For women, going to work is like an escape.从这句话可以看出,女性认为去上班是对家务劳动的一种解脱。 原文
3. We can learn from this passage that .
A.happiness can be got from some control over others
B.the source of happiness is changing
C.sometimes wealth might result in tragedy
D.doing a difficult job can lead to happiness
答案:D
短文中提到类似A项的内容时指how much control you have over your life,而不是some control over others;并没有提到B、C两个选项中提到的内容。D项的内容跟something that challenges your mind and your skills 相类似。
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4.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
A.Love is the most important factor of happiness.
B.Some people are born to be happier than others.
C.People who have more free time are happier than those who are busy.
D.All work and no play is a dangerous thing.
答案:B
从第四自然段里的第一句话 What leads to happiness? Part of it is handed down from birth.可以看出,能不能体验到幸福的感觉,有些是与生俱来的。 原文
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5.According to the passage, free time won't make you happy if .
A.you are in bad health
B.you have too much of it
C.you don't do anything with it
D.you don't have that feeling
答案:C
短文最后一个自然段谈到了过于无所事事的时候,人们往往不会感到幸福的。