1字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,
2音标：词的语音形式。
3音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素，分为元音音素和辅音音素两大类。其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
元音：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称作元音。元音发音响亮，口腔中气流不受阻碍，是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。
辅音：不论声带振动与否，发声时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定阻碍，这样的语音称为辅音。辅音发音不响亮，口腔中气流受到阻碍，不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音。（其中包括[ts]、[dz]、[tr]、[dr]） 。
4音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand
5开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name， bike ; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi
6闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, , sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it
7重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
二、元音字母在音节中的读音
| 元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | |
| a | 在重读开音节中 | [ei] | name plane Jane baby cake |
| 在重读闭音节中 | [æ] | bag dad hat map black back | |
| 在非重读音节中 | [] | China another woman breakfast | |
| a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 | [α:] | after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father | |
| a在[w]音后面 | [] | want what watch wash quality | |
| e | 在重开音节中 | [i:] | he these me chinese |
| 在重闭音节中 | [e] | bed let pen desk yes egg | |
| 非重读音节中 | [i] | decide decay腐朽 delay延迟 beget招致 jacket | |
| i | 在重读开音节中 | [ai] | bike fly drive time nice kite |
| 在重读闭音节中 | [i] | fish big drink sit milk swim | |
| 非重读音节中 | []/[i] | holiday beautiful family animal | |
| o | 在重开音节中 | [ou] | those close go hoe home no |
| 在重闭音节中 | [] | clock not box shop sock | |
| 非重读音节中 | [] | second tonight somebody welcome police | |
u | 在重开音节中 | [ju:] | student excuse duty tuesday |
| 在重闭音节中 | [] | bus cup jump much lunch | |
| 辅音字母j s l r后面时 | [u:] | June blue ruler issue 问题 | |
| y | 在重开音节中 | [ai] | my fly type |
| 在重闭音节中 | [i] | Gym rhythm lyrics歌词 | |
| 非重读音节中 | [i] [ai] | city party lily family typical 典型的 simplify使变简单 amplify使变大purify 使变干净 satisfy | |
| 做辅音音素时 | [j] | yes yard yellow young | |
| w | 做辅音音素时 | [w] | week win wake sweet wait |
| [/] | answer two who whole write wrestle摔跤 wrist 手腕 | ||
| aw | [:] | law straw稻草，吸管 paw爪子 | |
| ew | [ju:] | few new knew dew 露珠 hew砍 | |
| ow | [au] | flower down黎明 powder粉 flower | |
| [ou] | know row throw sparrow麻雀 |
| 辅字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 |
| b | [b] | bike bus bag |
| [/] | bomb tomb坟墓 comb梳子 climb lamb羊羔 | |
| c c在e前或在i/y前 | [k] | cake picture coat music |
| [s] | face decide cinema | |
| ch | [] | much chick rich teacher |
| [k] | school headache 头痛chemistry化学 | |
| [] | machine 机器 Chicago芝加哥 chef厨师 | |
| -ck | [k] | cock pocket black knock敲门 |
| -dge | [] | bridge fridge judge法官 knowledge知识 |
| g g在e i/y前 | [] | bag gardon go |
| [] | orange large German giraffe geography gym | |
| gh | [f] | cough enough |
| [/] | light daughter high | |
| gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 | [] | guess league dialogue |
| [w] | language anguish | |
| h | [h] | hot head house hand |
| [/] | hour honest ghost幽灵 ghetto犹太人居住区 rhyme韵文 | |
| j | [] | jeep jar joke join July |
| kn- | [n] | knife know knock |
| -mn | [m] | autumn column solemn |
| ph | [f] | elephant photo telephone |
| q | [k] | Iraq伊拉克 |
| qu- | [kw] | quality quite |
| s在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前 | [s] | sit sleep desk |
| [z] | music husband | |
| sc- | [sk] | scarlet鲜红的 school scold责备scorn蔑视 |
| [s] | muscle science | |
| sh | [] | she fish shirt wash |
| t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 | [t] | ten letter meet |
| [] | patient nation | |
| tch | [] | watch |
| th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 | [θ] | thin thirty method |
| [] | the these with than | |
| [] | clothe father weather | |
| tr- | [tr] | tree train country truck |
| v | [v] | very voice love leave |
| w | [w] | week win wake sweet wait |
| [/] | answer two | |
| wh- wh-在字母o前 | [w] | what when white why |
| [h] | who whose whole |
| 在重读元音前 | [ks] | box text exercise |
| [gz] | examle exist exact | |
| wr- | [r] | Write |
| y- | [j] | yes yard yellow young |
| z | [z] | puzzle zero zoo |
| 元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| ar ar在[w]音后面 | [α:] | car farm dark sharpener | 4-01 |
| [:] | warm quarter towards | 4-02 | |
| or or在[w]音后面 | [:] | forty morning short | 4-03 |
| [:] | word worker worse | 4-04 | |
| er ir ur | [:] | certainly bird Thursday | 4-05 |
| 辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry | 4-06 | ||
| -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday | 4-07 | ||
| 元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| are | [ε] | care dare hare | 5-01 |
| ere | [i] | here mere | 5-02 |
| ire | [ai] | fire hire wire | 5-03 |
| ore | [:] | more score before | 5-04 |
| ure | [ju] | pure cure | 5-05 |
| are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picture pleasure | 5-06 | ||
| 重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring | 5-07 | ||
| 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。 例如：orange very American paragraph | 5-08 | ||
| 元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| ai/ay | [ei] | afraid rain wait day play | 6-01 |
| air | [ε] | air hair chair pair repair | 6-02 |
| al al在f m前 | [] | small ball talk wall all | 6-03 |
| [:l] | always also salt almost | 6-04 | |
| [α:] | half calm | 6-05 | |
| au/aw | [:] | autumn daughter draw | 6-06 |
| ea | [i:] | teach easy cheap please | 6-07 |
| [e] | heavy bread sweater weather | 6-08 | |
| [ei] | break great | 6-09 | |
| ear | [i] | hear dear near clear year | 6-10 |
| [ε] | bear pear wear swear | 6-11 | |
| [:] | earth learn early | 6-12 | |
| ee | [i:] | jeep week green three | 6-13 |
| eer | [i] | pioneer deer beer | 6-14 |
| ei/ey | [ei] | eight neighbour they | 6-15 |
| [i:] | c:\\iknow\\docshare\\data\\cur_work\\Documents and Settingslhg桌面英语单词拼读规则表sprew"either key | 6-16 | |
| eu/ew在 j l r s后 | [ju:] | new few newspaper | 6-17 |
| [u:] | flew brew jewelry | 6-18 | |
| ie/ei[s]音之后 | [i:] | piece field receive | 6-19 |
| oa | [ou] | coat Joan boat goal | 6-20 |
| oar/oor | [:] | roar board door floor | 6-21 |
| oi/oy | [i] | noise point boy toilet | 6-22 |
| oo | [u:] | broom food tooth school | 6-23 |
| [u] | book look cook foot good | 6-24 | |
| ou/ow | [au] | flower house count down | 6-25 |
| [ou] | know row throw though | 6-26 | |
| [] | young country enough | 6-27 | |
| [u:] | group you soup | 6-28 | |
| our | [:] | course your four | 6-29 |
| [au] | our hour ours | 6-30 | |
| [:] | journey | 6-31 | |
| ui 在j l r s后 | [ju:i] | fluid suicide tuition | 6-32 |
| [u:] | juice fruit suit | 6-33 |
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