一、短语集锦
1.be made of由......制作/制造
2.be made in在......制作/制造
3.environmental protection环境保护
4.be made from由......制造/制作
5.be famous for 以......闻名;为人知晓
6.be produced in在......生产
7.be known for以......闻名;为人知晓
8.as far as I know据我所知
9.pick by hand手工采摘
10.send for发送;派人去请
11.all over the world全世界
12.no matter不论;无论
13.even though即使
14.avoid doing sth避免做某事
15.everyday things日常用品
16.find out 查明;弄清
17.go on a vacation去度假
18.paper cutting剪纸
19.such as 例如
20.turn... into把......变成......
21.send out发出;放出;发送
22.be covered with被......覆盖
23.rise into上升到;升入
24.put on 张贴
25.as symbols o作为......的象征f
26.fairy tale 童话故事
27.be used for被用于....
二、被动语态
(一)语态:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如:Many people speak Chinese.
谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
例如:Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。
(二)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken 一般过去时:was/were+spoken
一般将来时:will/shall be+spoken 现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken
过去进行时:was/were being+spoken 现在完成时:have/has been+spoken
过去完成时:had been + spoken
(三)被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道是谁偷的)
This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:
All the people laughed at him. → He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. → The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.
(五)含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成
We can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once. →It should be done at once.
(六)特殊情况
1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
2.Mother never lets me watch TV .→I am never let to watch TV by mother.
3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.
→(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.
→(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.
二、典型例题
( )1.The Olympic Games ___________every four years.
A are held B were held C.are holding D.will ho1d
( )2. In the art show,a lot of enjoyment __to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings.
A. is giving B is given C will give D has given
( )3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _________in. many schools around the world.
A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught
( )4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as "People's Writer".
A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards
( )5. Usually computers _________to search the Internet.
A. use B. are using C. are used D. used
( )6. --Do you often clean your classroom?
--Yes. Our classroom __________every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned
( )7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?
一Yes.In fact,it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around.
A. polluted B was polluted C has polluted D.was po11ute
( )8. --Our environment is getting worse than before.
--You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things to protect the earth since Earth Day.
A. is started B. was started C. has started
( )9. ---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host. ---Congratulations!
A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen
( )10. Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year,and they made our school a beautiful garden.
A.plant B.planted C.have planted D.were planted
( )11.Some famous paintings __________in the hall next week.
A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown
( )12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week .
A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives
( )13.---Great changes have taken place in this city.
---Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days.
A. turned up B. put up C. shown up D. fixed up
( )14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China.
A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed
( )15. —Do you often clean your classroom? —Yes, our classroom ______ every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned
三、单元重点检测与巩固
Ⅰ. 句意填词 根据上下文填入一个适当的词,使句意完整。
1. The shoes with adjustable h______________ can change the style of shoes.
2. Do you know tea was invented by a____________________?
3. When I was six years old, I became a young p_________________.
4. You can store your food, vegetables or fruit in the f__________________________.
5. The world is d __________________into seven continents.
heels, accident, pioneer, fridge, divided
Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Many _______________(hero) died for their countries.
2. Where ________ the phone ________________ (invent)?
3. It’s my __________________(please) to help you out.
4. ___________________(Canada) live in North America.
5. The soup will be ___________(salt) you put another teaspoon of salt.
Ⅲ. 单项选择 从每小题所给的三个选项中,选出一个正确答案。
( ) 1. ____________last week?
A. What happened to her B. What was happened to her C. What was she happened
( ) 2. One third of the earth’s surface _________ water.
A. is covered by B. was covered by C. covers by
( ) 3. Tables were used _________ desks when we were young.
A. by B. as C. to
( ) 4. The boy_______ Tom is made________ without food every day
A. named, work B. called, sing C. named, to dance
( ) 5. Flight MH730 from Malaysia to Beijing disappeared ________ March 8.
A.on B. in C. at
( ) 6. ________ is used for making knives in most of China.
A. Steel B. Bamboo C. wood
( )7. Silver __________ a ring for money.
A. is usually made into B. is usually made of C. is usually made from
( ) 8. This is a __________ story that I will never forget.
A. historical B. history C. historic
( ) 9. I like the dumplings made ________ my mother best.
A. in B. from C. by
( ) 10. _________ are usually put on windows or doors during the Spring Festival.
A. Clays B. Paper cuttings C. Sky lanterns
( )11. People often________ on Lantern Festival.
A. fly sky lanterns B. cut paper C. make clay
( ) 12. Water __________ ice if the weather is below zero
A. will be turned off B. will be turned to C. will be turned into
( ) 13. This ___________ is made of metal and plastic.
A. pair of scissors B. scissors C. piece of scissors
( ) 14. _____________speak ___________ in _______________.
A. Germen, German, Germany B. Germans, Germany, German C. Germans, German, Germany
( ) 15. China ________ the Great Wall in the world.
A. is knew for B. is famous as C. is known for
( ) 16. My mother was angry with me because I____________ last night by her.
A. am seen to play computer games B. was seen to play computer games
C. was seen play computer games
( ) 17. You should do your best ______ you do.
A. no matter what B. what ever C. no matter how
( ) 18. Do you know wine is ____________ grapes?
A. made of B. made from C. made in
( ) 19. My teacher says my spoken English is good, because I speak ________ English ____________.
A. every day, every day B. every day , everyday C. everyday , every day
( ) 20.________ the grass __________a little every day?
A. Does, cut B. Is, cut C. Is, cutting
交际运用
Ⅰ. 完成对话 从方框中选择正确选项。(方框中有一个选项是多余的)
A. Is it made of clay?
B. What’s wrong with you?
C. Where was it made?
D. It was used for making tea.
E. They are an old teapot and some old books.
F. was made a long time ago.
G. You’d better not throw it away. |
B: I argued with my parents.
A: I don’t think it’s polite.
B: I think so, but my parents didn’t allow me to throw some
old things away.
A: What are they?
B: 2. ___________________.
A: A teapot in your house?
B: Yes, and it 3. ________________________, my grandfather used to drink tea with it.
A: 4._____________________?
B: Yes.
A: 5. _______________, it will be more and more valuable in the future.
B: All right, I have no knowledge about old things, many thanks.
A: You are welcome.
Ⅱ. 补全对话 根据对话内容,填写适当的话语,使对话完整、正确。(每空词数不限)
A: What is this?
B: It’s a plike.
A: 1. __________________________________?
B: It’s made of steel and iron.
A: 2. ________________________________________________?
B: It’s used to fly like a plane and ride like a bike.
A: 3.__________________________________________________?
B: I think it’s strange.
A: 4._____________________________________?
B: Yes, I want to try it.
A: OK, ___________________________________.
B: All right..
. 阅读短文,判断正误。
Basketball is still a young game. It is not yet a hundred years old. In the winter of 11, a certain college was having trouble with its boy students. The weather was so terrible that the students had to stay indoors. Since they could not enjoy their sports outside as usual, they were unhappy, and some of them even got into fights from time to time.
Finally, one of the teachers at the college, J. E. Naismith, was asked to invent a new game for the students. It was not an easy job because such a game had to be played indoors, and the court was not over large.
Naismith thought for a few days and invented a kind of ball game. It was a fast, exciting game with much moving and passing of the ball. It was played between two teams. To make a score, the ball had to be thrown into a basket ten feet high above the floor on the walls. At each end of the court there was such a basket. At first, Naismith had planned to have the ball thrown into a box. As he could not find boxes of right size, then he had to use fruit baskets instead. That is how the game got its name.
( )1. Basketball is older than some of the other ball games.
( )2. In fact, it has just a history of less than a century.
( )3. Though it's often played outside today, basketball was invented as an indoor game at first.
( )4. Naismith had thought of using a box in the game, yet he gave up tile idea before long and a fruit basket took the place of the box.
( )5. J. E. Naismith was a doctor according to the passage.
. 根据短文内容填词。(每空词数不限)
It was Women’s Day yesterday, my mother 1.____________________________. Look, this is a ring, 2. it________________________, it is from my father, and it cost my father over two thousand yuan; that is a beautiful sweater, it looks very nice on my mother, it 3._____________
____________________my aunt, it took her one month to finish it; but my mother’s favorite present is a pair of gloves, who are they from? Guess! They are from me, I 4. ____________ last week, and I put them in a flowery box. When my mother received it, she was so happy 5._________ she couldn’t wait to open it, a pair of gloves caught her eyes, she knew her daughter had grown up, she said she would keep them forever-love from her daughter.
基础知识答案:
Ⅰ. 句意填词 根据上下文填入一个适当的词,使句意完整。
1-5: cutting, cotton, mobile, traffic, chopsticks
Ⅱ. 用所给词的上当形式填空。
1.Quarrelling
2.is produced
3.be allowed
4.glass
5.widely
Ⅲ. 单项选择 从每小题所给的三个选项中,选出一个正确答案。
1-5: AABCA
6-10: AAACB
11-15: ACACC
16-20: BABCB
交际运用答案:
Ⅰ. 完成对话 从方框中选择正确选项。(方框中有一个选项是多余的)
1-5:BEFAG
Ⅱ. 补全对话 根据对话内容,填写适当的话语,使对话完整、正确。
1.What is it made of?
2.What’s it used to do?
3.What do you think of it? / How do you like it?
4.Do you want to try it?
5.Let’s buy it at once.
阅读理解答案:
1-5: FTTTF
书面表达:
1. received a lot of presents
2. is made of gold
3. is made by
4. bought them
5. that