(一) 规则变化
名词单数变复数,直接+ 占多数;
s, x, z, ch, sh 来结尾,直接+es;
词尾是 f 或 fe,+s 之前先变 ve;
辅母 y 在词尾,把 y 变 i 再+es;
词尾字母若是 o,常用三个已足够,
要+es 请记好,hero, mango, potato,tomato
(二) 不规则变化
男人女人 a 变 e,鹅足牙 oo 变 ee;
老鼠虱婆也好记,ous 变 ic;
孩子加上 ren,鱼鹿绵羊不用变。
This---these(这些) that -- those(那些)
名词由单数变复数:
1.直接+s,读音变化
①以t结尾 +s 发/ts/: cat → cats, rabbits, vests
②以d结尾+s 发/dz/ :bird→ birds, hands, friends
e不发音以 /s/ /z/ e+s发/iz/ :houses horses
2.以 -s, -z, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾,+es:
如:bus → buses, buzz →buzzes, box →boxes, watch →watches, brush →brushes
3. 以y结尾:
①以元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)+y 结尾,直接+s:如:day→ days, boy →boys,donkeys
②以辅音字母 + y 结尾,改 y 变 ies:
如:baby →babies, country→countries, family→families,butterfly--butterflies, story--stories
4. 以 -o 结尾+s:如:radio → radios, piano → pianos, kangaroo → kangaroos;
特殊:+es,口诀:黑人英雄爱吃芒果、土豆、西红柿。
即:Negro →Negroes, hero →heroes, mango →mangoes ,potato → potatoes, tomato → tomatoes;
5. 以f或fe 结尾,改f或fe为ves:
①口诀:我的妻子用一把小刀和一片树叶杀死了一头狼
如:wife (妻子),knife (刀子),leaf (树叶,叶子),wolf (狼),half (一半),self (自已), shelf (架子), thief (窃贼,强盗) 和 life (生命);
②特殊直接+s:一只长颈鹿围着一条围巾站在屋顶上
如:giraffe—giraffes, scarf—scarfs, roof—roofs;
.6.不规则a→e:如:man → men, woman → women, policeman→policemen, postman→postmen, policewoman→policewomen, snowman→snowmen ,milkman→milkmen;
特殊:walkman→walkmans(随声听)
7.oo→ee:goose → geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth,
8. 不变、单复数同形:
3动物:fish → fish, deer (鹿) → deer, sheep → sheep;
3人:people →people , Chinese → Chinese, Japanese → Japanese,
9.特变:ox→oxen, mouse → mice, child → children, louse (虱子) → lice,