All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.
A. Yale B. Harvard C. Oxford D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.
A. early settlers B. Puritans C. native Indians D. black slaves
Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.
A. gold mines B. silver mines C. coal mines D. copper mines
The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.
A. James Madison B. Thomes Jefferson C. Alexander Hamilton D. George Washington
On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.
A. the First Continental Congress
B. the Second Continental Congress
C. the Third Continental Congress
D. the Constitutional Convention
The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.
A. Saratoga B. Gettysburg C. Trenton D. Yorktown
Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 17 were added to the Constitution. They are known as _____.
A. the Articles of Confederation B. the Bill of Right
C. the Civil Rights D. Federalist Papers
55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.
A. New Mexico B. the Louisiana Territory C. Kansas D. Ohio
During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.
A. Germany, France and Japan B. France, Japan and Britain
C. Germany, Italy and Britain D. German, Italy and Japan
In 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose _______ as their next president who promised a "new deal" to get America out of depression.
A. Theodore Roosevelt B. Franklin D. Roosevelt
C. Woodrow Wilson D. Herbert Hoover
Martin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader A. Boycott B. Civil Rights
C. Segregation D. Integration
The Constitution of the United States provides that _______ shall be President of the Senate.
A. the Secretary of State B. the Chief Justice
C. the President D. the Vice President
_____ was the only American president who was re-elected three times in succession.
A. Theodore Roosevelt B. George Washington
C. Franklin D. Roosevelt D. Thomas Jefferson
Which of the following statements about American education is wrong?
A Elementary and secondary education in America is free and compulsory
B Private schools are financially supported by religious or nonreligious private organizations or individuals.
C There are more public colleges and universities than the private ones
D Credits taken at community colleges are normally applicable to requirement for a four-year bachelor’s degree.
_____ is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment.
A Broadway B Wall Street C The Fifth Avenue D Times Square
____ was an actor before he became the President.
A Ronald Reagan B Abraham Lincoln C Herbert Hoover D Jimmy Carter
New Englanders were originally known as _____, which come to stand for all Americans.
A Hippies B Yankees C Uncle Sam D Brother Jonathan
Which sport is supposed to be America’s national sport and used to be call “American’s favorable pastime”?
A baseball B basketball C football D cricket
Christmas is usually connected to ____
A the reunion of a large family B the eating of Easter eggs
C the resurrection of Christ D the forgiving of other’s sins
The largest of the ethnic minorities in America is ____
A the blacks B the Mexico-Americans
C the Spanish-Americans D the Chinese
____is written by Walt Whitman.
A Representative Men B English Traits C Nature D Leaves of Grass
The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except ___.
A. challenging the authority of the Pope.
B. salvation through faith.
C. salvation through the church.
D. establishing a direct contact with God.
Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?
A. Separation of state and church.
B. Respect of education.
C. Intolerant moralism.
D. A sense of mission.
The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except ____.
A. George Washington.
B. Thomas Jefferson.
C. William Penn
D. Benjamin Franklin
Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?
A. Catholics.
B. Puritans.
C. Quakers
D. Church of England.
“No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of ____.
A. the settlers of Virginia
B. the people of Pennylvania
C. the colonists in New England.
D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.
Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?
A. Virginia B. Rhode Island
C. New York D. Maryland
Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, ____.
A. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.
B. there was no Bill of Rights.
C. the Constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens.
D. a “Bill of Rights” was added to the Constitution was made.
Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?
A. the executive B. the legislative
C. the judicial D. the president
Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?
A. The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.
B. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur.
C. The president can make laws.
D. The president broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.
The Bill of Rights consists of ___.
A. 10 very short paragraphs in an amendment.
B. 10 amendments adopted in 1787.
C. 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791.
D. the amendments concerning freedom of religion, of speech and of the press.
Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights ?
A. The freedom of religion.
B. The freedom of searching a person’s home by police.
C. The freedom of speech and of the press.
D. The right to own weapons if one wishes.
When did President Nixon make a trip to China to improve relations with the People’s Republic of China?
A. In 1972 B. In 1973
C. In 1970 D. In 1971
Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?
A. Mathematics and languages
B. Politics and business education
C. Science and social studies.
D. Music and physical education
The expenditure in American public schools is guided by or decided by___
A. teacher B. students C. headmasters D. boards of education
In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?
A. Elementary school, grammar school
B. Elementary school, junior high school
C. Elementary school, secondary school
D. Junior high school, senior high school
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?
A. Universities and colleges B. Research institutions
C. Technical institutions D. Undergraduate institutions
Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?
A. Large universities offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific research.
B. Large universities provide students with “mainframe”computers
C. Large universities offer scholarships to all students
D, Large universities attract students with modern laboratories
Nearly all students want to get into more desirable institutions because____.
A, they find it easy for them to get jobs after having gradual from one of them
B. they enjoy the high prestige of these institutions
C. they like the teachers and surroundings in these institutions
D. they prefer to have the Scholastic Aptitude Tests
In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that_____.
A. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachers
B. they make good impressions during the interview
C. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude Tests
D. they pass the college entrance examinations
To get a bachelor’s degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except_____
A. attending lectures and complete assignment
B. passing examinations
C. taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy
D. earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college
Powers of the American president: ①The president is the head of the executive branch(行政部门首脑). ②He is also head of state(元首) elected by the whol nation. ③he has some legislative powers(立法权); ④he is responsible for the relations of the United States with foreign nations; ⑤ he signs Bills passed by Congress into law.⑥ he appoints federal officials;⑦he has some judicial powers;⑧commander-in-chief(总司令)⑨he can serve for no more than 2 term
期不超过2届。
总统权利:总统是行政部门首脑;2.国家元首;3.立法权;4.负责美国与其他国家的关系;5.6.委任;7.司法权利;8.总司令;9. 任期不超过2届。
Characteristics of American education:
① formal education in the US consists of elementary, secondary and higher education.②Elementary and secondary education, which forms public education, is free and compulsory③public and private schools: Public schools are created, financially supported and governed by states or communities, and private ones by religious groups, or nonreligious private organizations or individuals.④the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution said education was included among the responsibilities which were “reserved to the states or the people”, This makes it clear that education is a function of the state, not the federal government.⑤diversity and sameness in educational policy and practice. 1.正式教育包括初等、中等、高等教育2.构成公共教育的初、中等教育是免费和义务的;3.公立和私立学校:公立学校由州或社区创建、资助和管理,私立由宗教团体、或非宗教性质的个人或组织来创建;4.《第十修正案》把教育包括在‘只属于州和人民’的职责中,这清晰表明教育是州的职能,并非联邦的;5.教育和教学实践的多样性和类同性
The role of the community college:①they prepare students for transferring to a BA program at a four-year institution. ②they provide vocational training;③they give remedial instruction(补习课) to students. ④they offer recreational, cultural activities for adults. ⑤they absorb students in a four-year program who are not qualified into a lower-status vocational program. 社会学院的作用:1.为学生攻读4年制院校学士学位做准备;2.提供职业培训;3.补习指导;4.为成人提供文化娱乐活动;5.将不适应4年制学习的学生吸收到较低一级的职业培训中。
The American War of Independence and its consequences.美国战争极其影响
①the causes:With the development of economy,the people in the colonies wanted more power to determine their own business.But the policy of the British government was to bring the development under control and collect more taxes from the colonies.原因:随着经济的发展,殖民地人民要求更多的自决权。而英国的是要把经济发展控于股掌,并向殖民地征收更多的税
②the Boston Tea Party(波士顿茶叶事件): In 1773, several dozen Boston residents dressed as Indians boarded the ships of the British East India Company and threw the tea into the harbor. 1773年,几十名波士顿居民化装成印第安人,登上英国东印度公司的船,将茶叶倾入海中。
③the First continental Congress: In September 1774, the First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia which encouraged Americans to refuse to bry British goods. 第一届会议:1774年9月,在费城召开,鼓励美国人抵制英货。
④Lexington and Concord(列克星顿和康克特):The War of Independence began at there in 1775.
⑤The Second Continental Congress(three weeks after the battle at Lexington in 1775 ):founded a Continental Army and Navy under the command of Washington; appointed a committee to draft a formal declaration(Thomas Jefferson was the man who draft it), the Declaration of Independence, And adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.第二次会议(1775年的列克星顿战役三周之后):建立了军和海军,任命华盛顿为总司令;指定了一个委员会负责起草一份正式宣言(托马斯。杰斐逊起草),1776.6.4,通过了宣言。
⑥The Declaration is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke.宣言清晰地解释了指导这场的政治理论,这一理论源于英国哲学家约翰。洛克。
⑦The consequences: IN September,1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed. Britain recognized the independence of the United States; the war was from 1775 to 1781, it shows that, in a just war, a weak nation can defeat a strong one. American people gained independence and capitalism developed in America. It also had great international influence.意
义:1783年9月,《巴黎条约》签署,英国承认美国;战争从1775-1781,表明,在一场正义的战争中,弱者可以战胜强者。美国人民获得了,资本主义得到发展。同时具有深远的国际影响。
Describe the relationship between these traditional American values: Individual freedom and self-reliance, equality of opportunity and competition, material wealth and hard work.
Answer:
Individual freedom & self-reliance: all individuals have the desire and the right to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government or other organized authority. However, a price to be paid for this is self-reliance. Individuals must learn to rely on themselves or risk losing freedom. They must achieve both financial and emotional independence from their patents as early as possible, and they are not admired live on government’s support.
Equally of opportunity & competition: everyone here has a chance to succeed. In other words, everyone have an equal chance to enter the race and win. Because individuals are free from excessive political, religious and social controls. However, a price to be paid for this is competition. If life is seen as a race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed, a person must compete with others, even not everyone will be successful.
Material wealth & hard work: material wealth has been a widely accepted measure of social status in the US, so acquiring and maintaining a large number of material possessions are very important to Americans. However, a price to be paid for this is hard work. Only by hard work could these natural resources be converted into material possessions, allowing a more comfortable standard of living. So Americans see material possessions as the natural reward for their hard work.
How did the Frontier impact and influence traditional American values?
a) The frontier provided many inspiring examples of hard work as forests were turned into towns, and towns into large cities.
b) Individualism, self-reliance, and equality of opportunity have perhaps been the values most closely associated with the frontier heritage of America. Throughout their history, Americans have tended to view the frontier settlers as the model of the free individual because there was less control over the individual on the frontier than anywhere else in the US. There were few laws and few established social or political institutions to confine people living on the frontier.
c) The values were enlarged and made workable.
Define the relationship between self-reliance and rugged individualism.
Closely associated with the frontier ideal of the free individual is the ideal of self-reliance. If the people living on the frontier were free of many of society’s rules, they were also denied many of society’s comforts and conveniences. They had to be self-reliant. The self-reliant frontiersman has been idealized by Americans who have made him the model of the classic American male hero with rugged individualism. They struggled against the wilderness and then defended well against evil.
Rugged individualism - individualism in social and economic affairs; belief not only in personal liberty and self-reliance but also in free competition.
Self-reliance - The capacity to manage ones own affairs, make one's own judgments, and provide for oneself: independence, self-determination, self-sufficiency.
Describe the purpose(s) of education in the USA.
First, Education reflects the nation’s basic values, especially the ideal of equality of opportunity. Americans believe that everyone deserves an equal opportunity to get a good education and individuals may climb an educational ladder as high as they can.
Second, Americans value education for its monetary value. They believe that the more schooling people have the more money they will earn when they leave school.
Third, Education may help people learn not only intellectual, social and interpersonal skills, but also how to study and reach their maximum potential.
What was unusual about the Article of Confederation? What was the struggle at the Constitutional Convention? How was the conflict solved? —— The Article of Confederation was unusual in many ways. First, it provided for no king. The drafters blamed the troubles with Britain on king George III. So they decided not to have a king but to have a republic. This was revolutionary. Second, while the Articles created a central government in the form of a Congress, the emphasis was still on state powers. Third, the Articles of Confederation was a written constitution for the United States. No important country in the world at that time, including Britain, had a written constitution. At the Constitution Convertion the delegates all agreed it was impossible to try to patch up the Articles of Confederation, and decided to ignore them and draw up a new plan of government. Here contradictions emerged between the bigger states and smaller states, between the industrial commercial interests and landed interests, etc. In the end, the conflict was resolved by the “Great Compromise” of July 16, giving each state and equal vote in the Senate but making representation in the House reflect the size of each state’s population.
Why did the Civil War break out? How did the war end? —— In the early 1800s, the Northern states turned from farming to manufacturing. Black slavery soon disappeared in the North. But things were different in the South. The South expanded both its agriculture and its slavery. The problem of slavery became a serous political issue. The abolitionists tried to abolish slavery while the South tried to keep it. When Abraham Lincoln was elected President, the Southern states broke away and formed a new nation. Then Lincoln was determined to maintain the Union and the war broke out on April 12, 1861, Lincoln realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery. So he issued Emancipation Proclamation. Thus England and France stood by the Union’s side. Many black slaves joined the Union Army. After a series of battles, Robert Lee could no longer hold Richmond. He surrendered on April 9, 1865. The Civil War ended.