题型有: 4. Reading Comprehension
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section C
The organization behind the Law School Admission Test reported that the number of tests it administered this year dropped by more than 16 percent, the largest decline in more than a decade.The decline reflects a spreading view that the legal market in the United States is in terrible shape and will have a hard time absorbing the roughly 45 ,000 students who are expected to graduate from law school in each of the next three years. Many lawyers and law professors have argued in recent years that the legal market will either stop developing or shrink as technology allows more low-end legal work to be handled overseas, and as corporations demand more cost-efficient fee arrangements from their firms. That argument, and news that so many new lawyers are struggling with immense debt, is changing the way law school is perceived by undergrads. Word is getting through that law school is no longer a safe place to sit out an economic recession—an article of faith for years—and that strong grades at an above-average school no longer guarantees a six-figure law firm job. “ For a long time there has been this culturally embedded perception that if you go to law school, it will be worth the money,” said Kyle McEntee of Law School Transparency. “The idea that law school is an easy ticket to financial security is finally breaking down. “ Law schools have also suffered through some critical press in the last couple of years. Some blogs, most of them written by unemployed or underemployed graduates, have accused law schools of tempting students with questionable data. Attention has focused on a crucial statistic: the percentage of graduates who are employed nine months after graduation. In recent months, class-action lawsuits have been filed against more than a dozen law schools, charging that students were deceived into enrolling by postgraduate employment figures that were vastly, and falsely, inflated(夸张的). Even if law schools are able to defeat these lawsuits—and many legal scholars anticipate they will—the media attention has been bruising. For some law schools, the gradually diminishing number of test-takers represents a serious long-term challenge. “What I’d anticipate is that you’ll see the biggest falloff in applications in the bottom end of the law school food chain,” said Andrew Morriss of the University of Alabama School of Law. “ Those schools are going to have significant difficulty because they are dependent on tuition to fund themselves and they’ll either have to cut class size to maintain standards, or accept students with lower levels. “ If they take the second course, Mr. Morriss said, it would hurt the school three years later because there is a strong correlation between poor performance on the LSAT and poor performance on the bar exam. If students start failing the bar, then the prestige of the school will drop, which would mean lowering standards even more. “At that point,” Mr. Morriss said, “the school is risking a death spiral. “
1. The decline of test-takers in the Law School Admission Tests reflects that ______.
A.the tests become more difficult
B.the test fee is increased
C.the total number of college students drops
D.it’s difficult for law school graduates to find jobs
正确答案:D
解析:由题干关键词decline和reflects定位到第二段。D)“法学院的毕业生很难找到工作”与第二段中提到的“该就业市场将难以容纳这些毕业生”文意相符,因此为正确答案。 知识模块:篇章阅读
2. The reason for the legal market shrinkage is that______.
A.the technology develops too fast
B.more simple legal work is dealt with abroad
C.companies become more efficient
D.companies cut down the fee arrangements
正确答案:B
解析:由题干关键词legaI market shrinkage定位到第三段。B)“更多简单的法律工作在海外完成”与第三段中提到的“因为技术允许更多的低端法律工作在海外进行处理”陈述相符,因此为正确答案。 知识模块:篇章阅读
3. What did the undergrades think about the law school in the past?
A.Law school was not attractive to students any more.
B.Students graduated from law school would have heavy debts.
C.Graduates of law school could find a job even in the recession.
D.Law school meant a good job in the law firm with high salary.
正确答案:C
解析:由题干关键词undergrades和in the past定位到第四段第二句。由该句可知,法学院不再是躲避经济衰退的避难所,因此C)“法律学院的毕业生甚至在经济衰退期都能找到工作”与定位句陈述一致,故为正确答案。 知识模块:篇章阅读
4. What’s the effect of test-takers’ redaction on the worst law schools?
A.Some law school teachers will lose their jobs.
B.They will have financial problems.
C.The class hours will be shortened.
D.They will have to recruit younger students.
正确答案:B
解析:由题干关键词test-takers’reduction和the worst law schools定位到第九段第一、二句。由该两句可知,这些学校将面临重大困难,因为它们如果依靠学费给自己提供资金的话需要做出一些牺牲,因此B)“它们将会面临财政困难”与定位句陈述一致,因此为正确答案。 知识模块:篇章阅读
5. What’s Andrew Morriss’s attitude towards the second solution of the worst law schools?
A.Negative.
B.Neutral.
C.Uninterested.
D.Supportive.
正确答案:A
解析:由题干关键词Andrew Morriss’s和the second solution定位到最后一段第一句。根据定位句可知,莫里斯先生对表现差的法学院选择走第二条路的态度是否定的,因此A)为正确答案。 知识模块:篇章阅读
The financial climate for charities is worsening, with more than half hit by the economic downturn, a survey reveals today. Over half of those affected report a decline in income triggered by the recession at a time when one fifth of charities are seeing an increase in demand for their services. Despite the success of Comic Relief, which raised £60m for anti-poverty charity projects last weekend, the overall financial picture for the voluntary sector is gloomier than it was six months ago, says the Charity Commission report. Dame Suzi Leather, the Chairwoman of the Charity Commission, said, “ Clearly the impact of the financial downturn on charities is widening and deepening. Some charities still face that double chances of a drop in income as well as an increased demand for services. The research tells us that the number of charities taking steps to reduce the risks that the financial downturn brings has risen since we conducted our first research. However, not all charities are putting measures in place to protect their work and their funds. It is very surprising that more charities are not considering collaboration with others, as this can help them share expertise and costs. “ In September the commission found that 38% of charities had been affected by the downturn, with 16% describing the impact had been “very significant” or “significant”. The latest report shows those proportions have increased, to 58% and 25% respectively. Bigger charities—those with an annual income of more than £1m—were less likely to have been hit by income reductions. But almost two-thirds of that group were concerned that the downturn would affect their work in future. The commission surveyed a random sample of 1,000 charities of varying sizes in England and Wales during January and February. It found the collapse in the value of stocks and shares—for many charities the single most important source of income— has impacted hard on the sector, which is also hurting from a fall-off in corporate donations and private legacies. Charities that delivered services overseas reported they had been badly affected by the fall in the value of sterling. The survey suggests there is little sign that charities overall are preparing to make big cutbacks(削减)in jobs or capital investments. Only a tiny proportion of those surveyed said they were facing problems meeting pension commitments.
6. According to the passage, the proportion of charities suffered from income reduction is______.
A.more than half of all the charities
B.one fifth of all the charities
C.more than half of charities affected by the recession
D.one fifth of charities affected by the recession
正确答案:C
解析:由题干关键词income reduction定位到第一段第二句,由于经济萧条,这些受经济下滑影响的慈善机构一半以上收入下降;与此同时,有五分之一的慈善机构出现了服务需求增加的现象。因此选C)。 知识模块:篇章阅读
7. It can be inferred from the passage that the best solution to fighting financial downturn for charities is______.
A.to raise money from corporation
B.to cooperate with other charities
C.to reduce the number of employees
D.to increase their demand for service
正确答案:B
解析:由题干关键词fighting financial downturn定位到第二段最后一句可知,越来越多的慈善部门不考虑和别人合作,虽然这会帮助他们共享技能和成本。所以通过与其他慈善组织合作可以帮助自己度过由经济危机带来的不利影响。B)中的cooperate和原文中的collaboration同义,因此正确。 知识模块:篇章阅读
8. Which of the following statements about bigger charities is TRUE?
A.Bigger charities are those with an annual income of more than $1 million.
B.Bigger charities are more likely to be affected by income reductions.
C.Most of bigger charities are concerned about their work in future.
D.Many bigger charities are likely to have their employees income increased.
正确答案:C
解析:由题干关键词bigger charities定位到第三段第三、四句可知,那些年收人在100万英镑以上的大一点儿的慈善机构不太可能受到收入下降的打击。但是几乎三分之二的较大慈善机构担心经济下滑将会影响到他们未来的工作,因此C)正确。 知识模块:篇章阅读
9. The most important source of income for many charities is from______.
A.stocks and shares
B.corporate donations
C.private legacies
D.overseas service
正确答案:A
解析:由题干关键词most important source of income for many charities定位到第四段可知,股票和债券是很多慈善组织的最重要收入来源,因此A)正确。 知识模块:篇章阅读
10. It can be concluded from the passage that______.
A.charities are preparing to reduce their jobs and capital investments
B.it is less likely for charities to reduce their jobs and capital investments
C.many charities are facing problems such as paying pensions
D.charities are preparing to expand their demand for service overseas
正确答案:B
解析:由最后一段第二句可知,调查报告暗示几乎没有迹象表明慈善机构整体来说正在准备大幅削减工作岗位或投资。B)是对原文内容的概述,故正确。 知识模块:篇章阅读
Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the pre-modern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the 20th century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 10 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years—lots that could have housed five to six million people. Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation; urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.
11. Effects of mass transportation on city’s lifestyle are______.
A.promoting their inherent instability
B.remarkable growth in city area
C.ever increasing standards of living
D.separation of commercial and residential districts
正确答案:A
解析:由题干关键词effect of mass transportation定位至第一段第二句。定位句提到“它加剧了城市生活固有的不稳定性”,故A)为本题的答案。 知识模块:篇章阅读
12. The author refers to both Boston and Chicago in order to______.
A.contrast their rates of growth with each other
B.show that mass transit changed many cities
C.demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth
D.exemplify cities with and without mass transportation
正确答案:B
解析:作者在第一段第三句中写道:“由于使用公共汽车、公路运输、市郊往返火车以及电车,使居住区离市中心的距离比过去远了2到4倍。”接着用for example举例:波士顿和芝加哥由于公交系统的发展使城区不断向四周扩展。可见,B)“表明公交系统改变了许多城市”反映了论点与论据之间的逻辑关系。 知识模块:篇章阅读
13. The word “sparked”(Line 11, Para. 1)is closest in meaning to______.
A.brought about
B.reckoned with
C.smoothed over
D.wiped out
正确答案:A
解析:由题干提示定位到第一段第六句。由定位句可知,几乎每座大城市的边缘都有大片新土地可用,接着又说到,房地产开发业迅速发展,前后是因果关系,由此判断sparked的词义为“引起”,故应选A)brought about(引起)。 知识模块:篇章阅读
14. Chicago is mentioned in the second paragraph as an example of a city ______.
A.that is famous
B.that is used as a model for land development
C.with an excellent mass transportation system
D.where land development exceeded population growth
正确答案:D
解析:由题干提示定位到第二段。作者在第二段最后两句中明确指出芝加哥就是采用这种做法的典型例子。在那里房地产的开发速度远远超过人口的增长速度。因此,作者提到芝加哥是作为一个土地开发速度超过人口增长速度的例子,所以只有D)正确。 知识模块:篇章阅读
15. The best title for the passage should be______.
A.Instability of Urban Life
B.Types of Mass Transportation
C.Land Use
D.The Effects of Mass Transportation on Urban Expansion
正确答案:D
解析:本文一开始作者就开宗明义地提出公交系统对美国城市的社会和经济结构的巨大影响。接着作者以波士顿和芝加哥为例来说明公交系统对城区扩展的影响。可见,D)阐述了这一主题。 知识模块:篇章阅读
A solid majority of technology experts and stakeholders participating in the fourth future of the Internet survey expect that by 2020 most people will access software applications online and share and access information through the use of remote server networks, rather than depending crucially on tools and information housed on their individual, personal computers. They say that cloud computing will become more dominant than the desktop in the next decade. In other words, most users will perform most computing and communicating activities through connections to servers operated by outside firms. Among the most popular cloud services now are social networking sites(the 500 million people using are being social in the cloud), webmail services like Hotmail and Yahoo mail, microblogging and blogging services such as Twitter and WordPress, video-sharing sites like , picture-sharing sites such as Flickr, document and applications sites like Google Docs, social-bookmarking sites like Delicious, business sites like eBay, and ranking, rating and commenting sites such as Yelp and TripAdvisor. Most of those surveyed noted that cloud computing will continue to expand and come to dominate information transactions because it offers many advantages, allowing users to have easy, instant, and individualized access to tools and information they need wherever they are, locatable from any networked device. Some experts noted that people in technology-rich environments will have access to sophisticated-yet-affordable local networks that allow them to “have the cloud in their homes. “ Many of the people who agreed with the statement that cloud computing will expand as the internet evolves said the desktop will not die out but it will be used in new, improved ways in tandem with(伴随)remote computing. Some survey participants said they expect that a more sophisticated desktop-cloud hybrid(混合物)will be people’s primary interface with information. They predicted the desktop and individual, private networks will be able to provide most of the same conveniences as the cloud but with better functionality, overall efficiency, and speed. Some noted that general-purpose in-home PC servers can do much of the work locally via a connection to the cloud to tap into resources for computing-intensive tasks. Meanwhile,a number of people said cloud computing presents difficult security problems and further exposes private information to governments, corporations, thieves, opportunists, and human and machine error, etc. Survey participants noted that there are also quality of service and compatibility hurdles(障碍)that must be crossed successfully before cloud computing gains more adopters. Among the other limiting factors the expert respondents mentioned were: the lack of broadband spectrum to handle the load if everyone is using the cloud; the variability of cost and access in different parts of the world and the difficulties that lie ahead before they can reach the ideal of affordable access anywhere, anytime; and complex legal issues, including cross-border intellectual property and privacy conflicts.
16. We can learn from the first paragraph that______.
A.cloud computing is a special machine operated by some companies
B.desktops access software applications through stored tools and information
C.computing and communicating cannot be carried out without cloud computing
D.cloud computing will replac e desktops completely in the near future
正确答案:B
解析:由题干提示定位到第一段。B)与第一段第一句”绝大多数人会在线获得应用软件和服务……而不是像现在这样主要依赖个人电脑上的工具和信息”语义一致,因此B)为正确答案。 知识模块:篇章阅读
17. According to the passage, microblogging and blogging such as Twitter belong to______.
A.cloud services
B.talking applications
C.picture-sharing sites
D.community networking sites
正确答案:A
解析:由题干关键词Twitter定位到第二段前半部分。该段列举了目前最流行的几种云服务,其中微博和博客服务就是一种,而Twitter是一种微博服务网站,由此可知,A)为正确答案。 知识模块:篇章阅读
18. What is the future of the desktop with the development of cloud services?
A.Desktops will not die out but only be used by a small group.
B.Desktops will disappear slowly with cloud service spreading.
C.Desktops will be connected with network and offer new services.
D.Desktops will not die out but only be improved to offer cloud services.
正确答案:C
解析:由题干关键词desktop和the expansion of cloud services定位到第四段。根据第一句“桌面电脑不会消失,而会与远程服务器连接,以一种新的、改善过的方式提供服务”可知,C)“台式电脑将和网络连接在一起,提供新的服务”符合语义,故为正确答案。 知识模块:篇章阅读
19. What problems must cloud computing solve if it wants to expand its service?
A.The lack of broadband spectrum and errors.
B.Exposing private information and errors.
C.The variability of cost and access and human errors.
D.The lack of broadband spectrum and compatibility.
正确答案:D
解析:由题干关键词problems和expand its service可定位到最后一段。第一句就指出“云计算要获得更多的用户,还需要成功跨越服务质量和兼容性两大难题”,而第二句紧接着提到云计算发展的其他制约因素。D)“缺乏足够的宽带频谱和兼容性”符合题意,为正确答案。 知识模块:篇章阅读
20. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A.To announce the ending of the desktop time.
B.To indicate the problems of cloud computing.
C.To point out the future of desktop application.
D.To state the coming of the cloud computing era.
正确答案:D
解析:本文的主题显然是云计算,虽然本文作者在文章的最后指出了云计算和进一步发展仍有需要解决的问题,但主要还是强调云计算将主导信息交流领域。因此D)“指出云计算时代的到来”为正确答案。 知识模块:篇章阅读