------- Grammar (Ellipsis省略)教师版
I简单句中的省略 比较下列两组句子,把不同的地方画出来并总结你的发现
1. Haven’t seen you for a long time.
2. Some more tea?
3. Sounds like a good idea.
4. Doesn’t matter.
5. Sorry to hear that.
6. Pity you couldn’t come
7. This way, please.
8. Joining us for a drink?
9. ---Do you know the boy?
--- No. I don’t know.
10. ---Are you Mr. Black?
---- Yes. I am.
发现:1. 第一组有省略
1. I haven’t seen you for a long time.
2. Would you like some more tea?
3. That/It sounds like a good idea.
4. It doesn’t matter.
5. I’m sorry to hear that.
6. It’s/ What a pity you couldn’t come
7. Step this way, please.
8. Are you joining us for a drink?
9. ---Do you know the boy?
--- No. I don’t know the boy
10. ---Are you Mr. Black?
---- Yes. I am Mr. Black
2. 简单句中可省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语
II并列句中的省略: 省略相同的词或词组
1. He majors in English and I in French.
He majors in English and I major in French.
2. His mother is a teacher and his father a writer.
His mother is a teacher and his father is a writer.
3. His advice made me happy, but Jim angry.
His advice made me happy, but his advice made Jim angry.
4. I was born in 1988 and Bob in 19.
I was born in 1988 and Bob was born in 19.
5. Jack must have been playing football and Mary doing her homework.
Jack must have been playing football and Mary must have been doing her homework.
III状语从句中的省略: 省略 主语 和 be动词
Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.
Work hard when (you are) young ,or you’ll regret.
While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
He opened his mouth as if (he were) to speak.
Remove clothing using scissors if (it is ) necessary.
She likes reading better than (she likes) going to parties.
状语从句中省略的两个条件:
1. 看主语:从句主语和主句主语 一致 或者是 it
2. 看谓语:从句谓语中含有 be
简化下列句子:
While he was doing so, he trembled(发抖) a little.
Unless I am invited, I will not attend the meeting.
Because I was exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
Speak English when it is possible and use Chinese when it is necessary.
注意:有些 if 构成的省略结构,已属固定短语,如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so等。—He may be busy.
—If so, I'll call later. If not, can I see him now?
Correct the mistakes in the passage if any
. 定语从句中的省略 省略 关系代词
条件为 关系代词在从句中作宾语;the way 后面的定语从句可省略that/in which
The man(that/who/whom) I saw is called Tom.
Where is the pen (that/which)I bought this morning?
I don't like the way(that/in which) you speak to your mother.
动词不定式的省略,只保留to的情况
1. --You should have thanked her before you left.
--I mean to , but when I was leaving I could't find her anywhere.
读一读:I’d like to, I ‘d love to, I mean to, I want to, I plan to, I hope to, I intend to, I forgot to, …
2 ---I'll be away on a trip. Will you look after my cat?
-- I'd be glad to.
. 读一读:I’m glad to, I’m happy to, I’m willing to, I’m ready to, I’m eager to,…
3. I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.
读一读:I have to, I need to, I ought to, I’m able to, I used to, I am going to,….
4. I saw him riding his bike in the park and I told him not to.
Don’t touch anything unless your teacher allows you to.
读一读:ask you to, tell you to, advise you to, persuade you to, wish you to, allow you to,….
练习:
-Does your brother intend to study German?
-Yes, he intends to .
-Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?
- I would like to , but I have an exam tomorrow.
I don't want to wait for him, but I have to .
The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to .
★注意, 当省略的内容是作动词用的have或be的任何形式时, to 后面保留 原形have 或 be .
He didn't come, but he ought to have .
Alice used to be a lazy girl, but she is not what she used to be.
比较:He doesn't like fish but he used to .
He is not a doctor now but he used to be .
练习l: -----Are you a doctor?
---- No, but I used to be .
2. -----He has not finished his job yet.
-----Well, he ought to have .
动词不定式符号to 的省略。
1. 主语部分有 do 的任何形式时,表语不定式常省略“to”。前有 do 后没 to
The only thing you have to do is (to) press the button.
What I really want to do is (to) go to the cinema.
2. had better, would rather(宁愿), do nothing but, have nothing to do but, there's nothing to do
but, can't help but, rather than(而不是) 等后的不定式的符号to常省略。
You’d better ask your parents for some advice.
I'd rather look after the baby than wash dishes.
Tom had nothing to do but stay in bed this morning.
so或not的替代现象
so或not代替上文内容,与动词believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,speak,suppose,think及 I’m afraid 等连用。
注意: 1. 只用I hope not不能用I don’t hope so。2. I don't think so比I think not更常用
1. He can’t do it, nor can I,nor can you, nor can anybody.
2. ----Is he coming back tonight?
---I think so .
3. ----She must be busy now.
----If _not , she can go with us.
4. ----Is he feeling better today?
----I’m afraid so .
5. ----Do you think he will attend the meeting?
----I guess so/not .
虚拟条件句中 if 的省略:
在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were, had, should时,常可以省略 if 而将
were, had, should置于句首。
如: If I were you, I’d give the child a hug.
Were I you, I’d give the child a hug.
If it should rain tomorrow ,we would have to put off the visit till next week.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit till next week.
If I had followed your advice, I would not have been in trouble then.
Had I followed your advice, I would not have been in trouble then.
Practice makes perfect!
Part1: Finish the exercises on Page 37
Part 2:
1. ________for the rain, the construction work would have been faster.
A. If it were not B. Were it not
C. Had it not been D. If it hasn’t
2. —Mary had a wonderful time at the party.
—_______, and so did I.
A. So she had B. So hd sheC. So she did D. So did she
3. —He probably will give you a ride.
—Really, _______ I don’t need to buy a ticket.
A. if necessary B. if so C. if that D. Fortunately
4. Generally speaking , ___________according to the directions , the drug has no side effect .
A.when taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken
5. What surprised me was not what he said but_______he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
6. -- You haven't lost the ticket, have you?
-- _________. I know it's not easy to get another one at the moment.
A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so
7. When_______help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you”.
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
8. -- I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.
-- _______good.
A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds
9. __________ fired, your health care(医保) and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
10. ----Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
----- Yes, _______, I’m going to visit some homes for the old (养老院)in the city.
A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible
11. ---Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework?
-----I am doing these exercises now so that I won’t have _____ on Sunday.
A. it B. them C. for D. To
12. ---- Aren’t you the manager?
---- No, and I______
A. don’t want to B. don’t want to be C. don’t want be D. don’t want
13. ---I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
---Not at all. ______.
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be glad to