
| 学年学期 | 20 13~ 20 14学年第 2学期 | 考核方式 | 闭卷 | |||||
| 课程名称 | 普通生态学 | A/B卷 | ( A )卷 | |||||
| 课程号 | 1302504 | 学分 | 3 | 学时 | 48 | |||
| 题号 | 一 | 二 | 总分 | |||||
| 分数 | ||||||||
| 阅卷人 | ||||||||
本人郑重承诺:
本人已阅读并且透彻地理解了“上海海洋大学学生考场规则”和“上海海洋大学学生违反校纪校规处理规定”,承诺在考试中自觉遵守,如有违反,按有关条款接受处理。个人收集整理 勿做商业用途
承诺人签名:
日 期:
姓名: 学号: 专业班名:
一、Please explain the following terms (3 points each, 21 points totally). [名词解释, 每个3分,共21分]个人收集整理 勿做商业用途
1、Liebig’s law of minimum
2、Shelford’s law of tolerance
3、law of effective temperature
4、innate capacity of increase (or intrinsic rate of increase)个人收集整理 勿做商业用途
5、ecological strategy
6、Climax
7、edge effect
二、Put the appropriate ecological terms into the Blank in order to make the sentence meaningful (one point each blank, 10 points totally). [填空题, 每空1分,共10分]个人收集整理 勿做商业用途
1、According to the shape of age pyramid, it can be classified into three types, that is, 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途
, , and .
2、The inter-specific relationship between lion and deer is . The interaction between penicillin and bacterium is . Walnut quinone secreted by walnut can inhibit the growth of its surrounding plants, so the relationship between walnut and its surrounding plants belongs to .个人收集整理 勿做商业用途
3、, , and are the three functional groups that consist of ecosystem.文档来自于网络搜索
4、The types of natural selection include stabilizing selection, directional selection, .文档来自于网络搜索
三、True or false (two points each, 16 points totally). [是非题,每小题2分,共16分]文档来自于网络搜索
1、( ) Organisms in the Tropical Zone(热带)are able to tolerate(耐受) much higher temperature than those in Temperate Zone(温带)and Frigid Zone(寒带), so organisms in Tropical Zone are eurytherms (广温生物) while organisms in Temperate Zone are stenotherms (狭温生物).文档来自于网络搜索
2、( ) The inter-specific relationship between black carp (鳙鱼) and silver carp (鲢鱼) is mutualism.文档来自于网络搜索
3、(物种多样性) in Tropical Zone (热带地区) is lower than in Temperate Zone (温带地区).文档来自于网络搜索
4、(文档来自于网络搜索
5、(皆伐) , there will occur secondary succession. 文档来自于网络搜索
6、(文档来自于网络搜索
7、(构件生物).文档来自于网络搜索
8、( ) The interaction between termite and flagellate (鞭毛虫) in its intestine is commensalisms.文档来自于网络搜索
四、To make the right choice ( 11points totally) [选择题,第6、7、8小题各2分其余每小题1分,共11分]文档来自于网络搜索
1、36.( ) is/are not the decomposer of the ecosystem文档来自于网络搜索
A. earthworm (蚯蚓) B. bacteria (细菌) C. fungus (真菌) D. green alga (绿藻)文档来自于网络搜索
2、T文档来自于网络搜索
A. parasitoidism(拟寄生) B. parasitism (寄生)
C. amensalism (偏害作用) D. commensalisms (偏利作用)
3、( ) belong(s) to r-strategist.
A. locust (蝗虫) B. giant panda (大熊猫) C. white whale (白鲨) D. Chinese river dolphin (白暨豚)文档来自于网络搜索
4、( ) don’t belong to positive interaction among the four inter-specific relationships followed.文档来自于网络搜索
A. competition B. amensalism C. predation D. Mutualism文档来自于网络搜索
5、When there are short of calcium (钙) in the environment, strontium (锶) can substitutes for calcium (Ca.) in the growth and development of mollusk. We can term this effect as ( ).文档来自于网络搜索
A. Combined effect (综合作用) B. complementary effect (互补作用) 文档来自于网络搜索
C. Non-substitutable (不可替代作用) D. Definitiveness (限定性作用或阶段性作用)文档来自于网络搜索
6、 The main characteristics of r-selector include(s)( ).文档来自于网络搜索
A. small body B. large body C. high reproduction rate D. low reproduction rate文档来自于网络搜索
7、When Tribolium castaneum (杂拟谷盗) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (锯谷盗) are cultured together, they compete for food and eat each other’s eggs. The interaction between the two animals belong(s) to ( ). 文档来自于网络搜索
A. exploitation competition B. interference competition文档来自于网络搜索
C. Apparent competition (似然竞争) D. Amensalism
8、 文档来自于网络搜索
A. population ecology B. community ecology C. ecosystem ecology D. landscape ecology文档来自于网络搜索
五、Please answer the questions below in brief (36 points totally). [简答题共36分]文档来自于网络搜索
1、Please list the types of survivorship curve, the characteristics and one representative species of each curve. [存活曲线有哪几种?每种存活曲线有哪些特征?各种曲线列出1个物种]。(6分)文档来自于网络搜索
2、What are the four fundamental components of the ecosystem? and what functions the composer, consumer, and producer play in the ecosystem ? [生态系统有哪些主要组成成分?生产者、消费者和分解者在生态系统中各起什么功能?](6分)文档来自于网络搜索
3、Please briefly describe the morphological, physiological, and behavioral differences between r-selector and K-selector. [简述r- 选择者和K-选择者在形态、生理、行为特征方面的主要区别有哪些?]文档来自于网络搜索
4、Please briefly describe the reason why the number of trophic levels is less than six? [简要说明为什么不能超过6个营养级](6分)文档来自于网络搜索
5、简述对于建立自然保护区是建立一个大保护区好还是建立若干个小保护区好?在自然保护区架设“廊道”的生态学意义。建议尽量使用岛屿种群论阐述(12分)文档来自于网络搜索
六、计算题(共6分)
1、一个学生估算一块木头下面鼠妇的种群数量。她在木头左端一区域用捕虫网捉了80只鼠妇,将它们标记后放回,并与该种群中的其他个体混合在一起。24h后,她又在木头左端用同一个捕虫网捉了160只鼠妇,在新捉的鼠妇中,只有32只是有标记的。已知在24h内,鼠妇无死亡,没有受伤害,无迁入与迁出。请估算该块木头下鼠妇的种群数量。文档来自于网络搜索
2、有A、B两个群落都有100个个体,其中A群落有2个物种,各有50个个体;而B群落有10个种,每种有10个个体,请问哪一个群落的生物多样性大?文档来自于网络搜索
解:DA=1-[(1/2)2+ 1/2)2]=0.5
DB= 1-[10*(1/10) 2]=0.9
DB > DA 即,B群落的多样性大于A群落
