
1. get by: manage; survive.
How can he get by on such low wages?
It is a little bit difficult for the old to get by on such a small pension.
2. make it:
1) to be successful in one’s career.
He’s never really made it as an actor.
2) to succeed in reaching a place after difficulty, effort, etc
It was a terrible journey but we finally made it.
3) to attend sth.
I am afraid I won’t be able to make it to your party next week.
3. haul:
1) transport, as with a truck, cart, etc.
The farmers haul vegetables to the market on a truck every day.
The rescue team hauled medical supplies and food to the flooded village.
2) pull or drag sth. with effort or force
I got stuck in the mud and the others had to haul me out.
Rescue workers hauled passengers out the bombed train.
4. improvement:
the act or an instance of improving or being improved.
Internet service providers should develop security improvement services for their customers.
The government’s priorities will go to local transport improvement projects
5. supplement: to add to or complete with sth else.
My doctor suggested a diet supplemented with vitamin tablets.
He works in the evenings to supplement his student grant.
6. indoor: situated or used inside a building.
Indoor pollution has been found to be as much as five to ten times higher inside some skyscrapers than outside.
The Mall of America, the biggest mall in USA includes the world’s largest indoor amusement park.
7. spray: force out liquid in small drops upon
The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.
8. pursue: to strive to gain or accomplish
pursue lofty political goals / pleasure / one's studies
Public evening classes allow people to earn a living during the day and pursue vocational and intellectual interests in their spare time.
After graduation Martin chose to pursue the same career as his father as a minister.
n. pursuit: the pursuit of higher education
9. stack: make into a pile
• After she did the dishes, Mon started stacking them on the draining-board.
• Before being processed into lumber, the wood must be carefully stacked to prevent warping.
10. wicked: evil or bad
In the story, she has a wicked step-mother, who makes her life a misery.
We are born good, but can be taught to be wicked.
wicked can also mean slightly immortal or bad for you, but in an attactive way
顽皮的,恶作剧的
a wicked grin/ a wicked sense of humor
11. get through: come successfully to the end.
The local government has taken some measures to ensure that all the people will get through the winter.
She got through the entrance examination, and was accepted by the college.
12. on balance: with all things considered.
Their suggestion has, on balance, proved practicable.
On balance, it’s probably not advisable to change the company’s name.
13. illustrate: provide with visual feature; clarify by use of examples, etc.
The editor has illustrated the book with black-and-white photographs.
His story illustrates her true generosity very clearly.
Sports Illustrated: a popular US sports magazine published each week by Time Inc, part of Time Warner. It first appeared in 1954, and is read mainly by men.
14. generate: bring into being; give rise to
generate heat / power / employment / enthusiasm
The widespread use of English in France has generated a public as well as an academic debate over language in the country.
15. pick up: be ready to pay
If he loses the case, Michael will have to pick up the bill for legal costs.
The customers will be forced to pick up the bill for this ridiculous sheme.
When a man and a woman are dining together, our waiters are cautioned not to assume that the man is picking up the bill.
16. minor: smaller, less serious or less important than others
minor repairs / operations / injuries / role in a play
17. cut back: reduce in size or amount
If we don’t sell more goods, we’ll have to cut back (on) production.
The government decided to cut back military spending to ensure more on infrastructure.
18. dine out: eat a meal away from home ( usu. in a restaurant)
More people have accepted the growing trend of dining out on weekend.
As more working mother appear, many families have to dine out.
19. patronize: go to as a customer.
The restaurant featuring French dishes is patronized by a lot of politicians and journalists.
When he was a student, Mark often patronized the little shop near the college due to its inexpensive goods
20. suspect: believe to be true, likely or probable; to think or believe someone to be guilty of a crime or to have done something wrong;feel doubt about ( used in the patterns: suspect sb./ sth. of sth.; suspect that )
USA banned domestic poultry imported from China, suspecting that they might have been infected with bird flu.
The police suspected him of carrying out two bomb attacks.
It was perfectly all right, Henry said, because the police had not suspected him of anything.
21. budget: 1)A systematic plan for the expenditure of a usually fixed resource, such as money or time, during a given period
2 )v. 预算,安排
A new car will not be part of our budget this year.
Libraries are finding it increasingly difficult to remain within their budget.
I must budget my wages carefully between rent, food and clothing.
我得好好安排用于租房,买食品和衣服的工资。
22. requirement: sth. needed or asked for
academic / admission / design / fund requirement
23. scale: a relative level or degree ( usu. used in the phrase: on a … scale)
judging students' performances on a scale of 1 to 10;
a family that ranks high on the social scale
My parents used to entertain friends on a large/small scale.
24. resist: keep from giving in to or enjoying
I was unable to resist laughing at the sight of the funny clown.
Keep away from KFC. You know I can’t resist delicious fast food which has made me so plump.
25. temptation: the feeling of being tempted to do sth. that you know might be wrong or harmful; the thing you want to have.
To her, the temptation to steal is greater than ever before----especially in large shopping malls.
The temptation of big cities is so huge that many migrant workers would rather stay there despite all the difficulties.
26. device: a piece of equipment designed to serve a special purpose.
Due to the widespread use of mobile digital devices, the semiconductor industry is gathering attention these days.
27. profit: an advantageous gain or return.
This new invention will bring you great profits like a goldmine.
The students do hope to profit by / from the teacher's comments on their compositions.
28. primarily: mainly
Teachers in our department are primarily concerned with improving the students’ studying environment.
She gained such a great success primarily due to her diligence
Unit3
•resort to 诉诸;求助于
to do sth. extreme or unpleasant to solve a problem
eg. 我认为我们可以不诉诸法律就能解决这个问题。
I think we can solve the problem without ~ing to legal action.
• resort
a place that many people go to for a holiday
a ski/seaside/mountain ~ 滑雪/海滨/山区度假地
1.on the latch
( of a door ) closed but not locked
eg. Let yourself in ; the door is ~~.
如果我回来之前你要睡了的话,把门掩上就行了。
If you go to bed before I come back, please just
leave the door ~~.
2. close up
shut ( sth. ) esp. temporarily
eg. I’m thinking about closing up my store and going
on vacation.
除夕夜时所有的商店都关门了。
On the New Year’s Eve all the stores were closed up .
close-up n. 特写
2.rural
adj. of, in or suggesting the countryside
eg. In ~~ areas, crimes, especially robberies, occur
quite often.
(com.) rustic adj.
① = rural 乡村的,有乡村特色的
② 粗俗的,乡土气的
(antonym) urban adj. of, situated in or living in a city or town 城市的,都市的
ruralize v. live in the country ruralization n.
3.vulnerable
adj. exposed to danger or attack; unprotected
(地点,事物)有弱点的,易受攻击的
(人,情绪)脆弱的,敏感的
eg. She looked so ~~ that everyone wanted to
protect her.
•vulnerable ~ to
weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally
It is on economic policy that the government is most ~.
be ~ to abuse/attack/illness 易受辱骂/攻击;容易得病
6. statistics
n. collection of information expressed in numbers
eg. The ~~ on unemployment given by the central
government show that economy has been
recovering all over the country.
statistic n. 单个的统计数值
statistician n. 统计学家
statistical adj. 统计(学)的 statistically adv.
7. tranquil
adj. calm, quite and undisturbed
eg. Visitors like to stay in this hotel for its ~~
surroundings.
8. era
n. a period of history or a long period of time
eg. 我们生活在电脑时代。
We’re living in the computer ~~.
9. electronic
adj. of or relating to electronics or devices and
systems developed through electronics 电子的
eg. Use of the Internet is replacing other forms of
~~ communication.
~~ mail is so convenient that we can
communicate with friends at the other side of
the world in a few seconds.
electronics n. 电子学 electron n. 电子
( com. ) electronic , electric , electrical
① electronic 电子的,电子仪器的
② electric 发电的,电力产生的,电动的
③ electrical 与电有关的,用电的
②与③的区别
靠电力操作或发电的东西用electric , 否则用electrical ( 与电有关的),它表示与电的关系不太密切。用在 a. 人或其工作上 b. 也用在与电的关系较普遍的语句上。
electronic ~~ surveillance/equipment
electric ~~ generator, ~~power
~~light bulb, ~~ clock / blanket / fire / fence / current
electrical ~~ engineer, ~~ apparatus,
10. hook up to
connect or attach (sth.) to (sth. else) with or as if with a hook
eg.The alarm system in the banks are hooked up to
the local police station.
我们能在露营地上用上电吗?
Can we hook up to the electricity at the campsite?
11. build in / into
make (sth.) as part of the structure 固定在某物
上使成为其一部分
eg. Our bookshelves are built into the wall.
旅馆的一边倚石而建。
The hotel was built into the side of the rock.(part of the hotel was inside the rock)
phrases relating to ‘build’
build on 加建,扩建
eg. This new house is built on that old school.
build on / upon 根据,依靠
eg. He built his decision on thorough investigation.
build up 建立,加强
eg.Tension is building up between the two countries.
(pass.) 盖满房子
eg. The area has been built up.
赞扬, 捧( 某人或某物)
For weeks the media has been building up the national basketball team.
eg. The singer has been built up into a great success
12. pry
v. force sth. Open or away from a surface
eg. They used a knife to ~~ the can open.
那辆小车的行李箱被撬开了,她所有的设备都没有了。
The car trunk had been pried open and all her equipment was gone.
pry into(disapproving) to try to obtain private fact about a person
As a reporter, I was paid to pry into other people's lives.
作为一个记者,我拿了人家的钱去窥探他人的生活。
13. premises
n. ① (pl) all the buildings and land that an
institution occupies on one site 企业及其机构使用的房屋及周围的土地,生产场所,经营场址
•eg. The company is looking for new ~~.
•他在伯明翰的旧经营场址被毁后,他只得在六英里外重新开张。
•When his old premises in Birmingham were demolished, he had to relocate his business six miles away.
② sth. that you accept as true and use as a basis for
another idea or way of thinking
from / on the ~~ + that… 前提
eg. The program started from / on the ~~ that men
and women should take on equal rights.
14.feature
n. a typical or noticeable part of quality 特色,特征
eg. Thick fog is a ~~ of the weather in Chongqing.
features:面貌,相貌
She has very regular features.(even and attractive)
她五官端正漂亮。
feature 专题特写 专题节目
v. give a prominent part to (sb. / sth.) 以…为特色
eg. Fish ~~s in the food of these islanders.
They had a traditional Thanksgiving dinner
~~ing roast turkey.
本周特别播放有关家庭暴力的受害者的报道。
This week's broadcast features a report on victims of domestic violence.
15. put up
build or erect
eg. He ~~ a new fence around his house.
Most of the old buildings were pulled down so
that blocks of apartments could be ~~.
16. barrier
n. thing that prevents progress or movement栅栏,屏障
eg. The police ~~ is used to prevent people from getting into the crime scene.
山脉成为阻止疾病流行的天然屏障。
The mountains acted as a natural barrier to the spread of the disease.
尽管存在语言障碍,他们还是很快成为好朋友。
Despite the language barrier, they soon became good friends.
17. barricade n. a barrier of large objects, used to stop an enemy
barricades are often put up during a street fighting街垒,路障
They refused to man the barricades during the uprising.
他们拒绝在期间把守街垒。
v. block with a barricade
eg. The protestors ~~d the streets with piles of tyres.
Terrified villagers have barricaded themselves into their houses.
受惊的村民将自己堵在房子里。
18. or otherwise
① or sth. else , or sth. like that 或用其他方法, 或
其他
eg. If the coffee tastes bitter, you can try cream,
cheese ~~. They may help.
② or the opposite 或相反的,或不是
eg. I am not concerned with its accuracy or
otherwise.
19. take off
(aircraft, bird or insect) move from the ground and begin to fly
eg. There are hundreds of airplanes landing and
taking off at Shuangliu International Airport
20. hold / keep (sb.) at bay
prevent (an enemy) from coming near
eg. Eating oranges keeps colds at bay.
She left the light on at night to keep thieves at bay.
NOT hold / keep sb. at the bay
21. without so much as
with not even
eg. He left her without so much as a single word.
他连水都没喝就跟他们去了。
He went out with them without so much as a
glass of water.
22. sideways
adj. adv. to, towards or from the side
eg. If you would move ~~ to the left, I can get everyone on the picture.
23. be bathed in
cover or envelop as if with liquid
eg. She bathed her feet in warm water.
The fields was bathed in a golden light at sunrise.
He returned home bathed in the glory of his success.
他沉浸在成功的喜悦里回到家。
24. analyze
v. examine sth. in detail in order to understand it,
esp. by considering separately all the elements it
consists of
eg. We’ll ~~ the result tonight and give the report
tomorrow morning.
analysis n. (pl.) analyses 分析,分析结果
analyst n. 分析家 analytic adj.分解的,分析的
25. with / by a small / large margin
小 / 大幅度地
eg. People’s demand for air-conditioners has
increased by a large margin.
With a small margin of difference, the two sides
reach an agreement soon.
26. error
n. mistake
eg. 犯错不是件可耻的事情。
It’s not a shame to make errors.
27. civilize
v. cause to improve from a primitive stage of human
society to a more developed one
eg. Some anthropologists think that it’s neither wise
nor necessary to ~~ those jungle tribes.
Terrorism is unacceptable in the ~~d world.
civilized adj. 开化的,文明的 educated adj.受过教育的
civilization n. 文明
28. reflection
n.
① a thing bringing discredit or criticism ~~ on sb./sth. 有损声誉或受指责的事
eg. Parents often regard their children’s errors as a
~~ on them.
② deep and careful thinking 思考
eg. He told us his ~~ on that issue.
I am sorry that I spoke too quickly and without ~~.
③ a clear indication or the result of 反映
eg. His unhappiness is a ~~ of his mistaken marriage
reflect v. 反射,表达/反映,仔细思考
reflective adj. (人或其思想) 沉思的,熟虑的
29. puzzle
v. cause (sb.) to feel confused and slightly worried because they cannot understand
eg. It ~~s me why she gave up the chance of
studying abroad.
The police are ~~ing about the cause of the accident.
n. (usu. sing.) sth. that one cannot understand
eg. No one can explain the ~~ of how life began.
puzzling adj. 费解的 puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的
35. look back on
think about (sth.) in one’s past
eg. When you ~~ your childhood, what would you
have in your memory first?
…, it is the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods,…
•It is / was … that / who … 强调句型
•Tom’s sister brought him a rabbit as his
•birthday present.
•① It was Tom’s sister who brought Tom ….
•② It was Tom who his sister brought a rabbit ….
•③ It was a rabbit that Tom’s sister brought him….
•④ It was as his birthday present that Tom’s sister….
强调句与定语从句的区别
1.It is this village ___ I spent my childhood.
2.It is in this village ___ I was born.
a. which b. that c. where d. what
key:
强调句去掉该结构可以还原为一个完整的句子。而含定语从句的句子无法还原成完整的句子。
…; it does not occur to us to ask ourselves: Why has this happened?
It occurs / does not occur to sb. to do sth. / that…
表示 某人想到(做)什么, 相当于 think about, come into one’s mind或 come up with an idea that….
1) It never occurred to me to ask him what was …
2) It suddenly occurred to me that the names of…
3) When he heard her say so, it occurred to him that for convenience…
4) Has it never occurred to you that the problems…
..., chances are that you don’t just wander in and out of work.
意义相当于 it is likely that…, 很有可能 …
1) If they don’t agree to work extra hours for no extra pay, chances are that they will be dismissed.
2) Research is …. Chances are that there will be a cure within the next ten years.
3) If you are …, chances are that you’ll put on several pounds in a matter of weeks.
4) He left…. Chances are that he’s got stuck in a traffic jam.
