英语四级试卷4

Paper One

Part I Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear several statements. Each statement will be read only once. Then there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have just heard. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

1. A) Ann likes neither cold weather nor hot weather.

B) Ann likes hot weather better than cold weather.

C) Ann likes hot weather just as much as cold weather.

D) Ann likes cold weather better than hot weather.

2. A) The storm came on Saturday.

B) The storm came on Monday.

C) The storm came on Wednesday.

D) The storm came on Friday.

3. A) Sit where you like.

B) Don’t be nervous.

C) Build a house for yourself.

D) Behave yourself.

4. A) I’m learning only a little bit of English.

B) I bit my tongue while speaking English.

C) The best way to learn English is to progress in little bits.

D) My English is gradually improving.

5. A) How thin are you?

B) Have you ever been any heavier?

C) Isn’t Ben thin?

D) Is it always made out of thin?

6. A) I rushed into the restaurant with an old friend.

B) I met an old friend by chance at the restaurant.

C) My friend ran into the restaurant to meet me.

D) My friend and I ran into the restaurant together.

7. A) The flight leaves at 8:20.

B) The flight leaves on the 20th at 8 o’clock.

C) The flight leaves at 8:18 in the evening.

D) Flight 818 departs on the 18th.

8. A) The sports meet is delayed because of rain.

B) There will be no sports meet if it rains.

C) There will be a sports meet regardless of the weather.

D) It rains every time there is a sports meet.

9. A) I called him.

B) I forgot to call him.

C) I didn’t call him.D) I should have called him.

10. A) She has few friends.

B) It is hard for her to have friends.

C) She tries hard to have friends.

D) She has many friends.

11. A) The phone number is 2579402.

B) The phone number is 2597402.

C) The phone number is 2569482.

D) The phone number is 2957842.

12. A) The program won’t go beyond ten.

B) There won’t be more than ten people at the program.

C) It will continue beyond the tent.

D) The program will end after ten o’clock.

13. A) The first fifty problems are assigned.

B) Your homework assignment can be found on page sixty.

C) The problems on page sixteen are assigned.

D) Page fifteen is your first assignment.

14. A) John always tells secrets.

B) John never tells a secret.

C) John is meant to tell secrets.

D) John keeps secrets.

15. A) Although she has a scholarship, Ellen cannot attend the university.

B) If Ellen gets a scholarship, she can attend the university.

C) Ellen attends the university on a scholarship.

D) Ellen cannot get a scholarship until the university accepts her.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

16. A) Caller and operator.

B) Customer and shop assistant.

C) A woman looking for the place and a passer-by.

D) A woman looking for the place and a taxi-driver.

17. A) She plans to go to graduate school.

B) She will drop out of school.

C) She will stop working and concentrate on her studies.

D) She will take a part-time job.

18. A) He may be going to the meeting.

B) He may take her to a movie.

C) Seeing his girlfriend.

D) He may be driving at 3:00.

19. A) The exam was easier than the previous one.B) Joe is sure that he will do better in the next exam.

C) Joe probably failed in the exam.

D) The oral part of the exam was easier than the written part.

20. A) A shop assistant.

B) A telephone operator.

C) A waitress.

D) A clerk.

21. A) George doesn’t think Sam will win.

B) Sam isn’t a strong runner.

C) George looks as strong as ever.

D) Sam is going to win the race.

22. A) To spend less time at the office.

B) To keep his trousers on.

C) To come home earlier.

D) To hang up his trousers.

23. A) $15.

B) $30.

C) $50.

D) $19.

24. A) $160.

B) $120.

C) $150.

D) $100.

25. A) 555-9822.

B) 555-8292.

C) 555-22.

D) 555-9282.

26. A) They will eat lunch at a restaurant.

B) They will eat their lunch in the park.

C) They will go home for lunch.

D) They have not decided yet.

27. A) The man went to a wrong check-in counter.

B) The man has just missed his flight.

C) The plane will leave at 9:14.

D) The plane’s departure time r emains unknown.

28. A) Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers.

B) She does not agree with the man.

C) Drunk drivers are not guilty.

D) People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk driving.

29. A) The man is planning a trip to Austin.

B) The man has not been to Austin before.

C) The man doesn’t like Austin.

D) The man has been to Austin before.

30. A) He played his part quite well.

B) He was not dramatic enough.C) He performed better than the secretary.

D) He exaggerated his part.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 31 to 33 are based on the following passage:

31. A) South American Indians.

B) The Spanish.

C) English people.

D) Londoners.

32. A) Spain.

B) The New World.

C) England.

D) None of the above.

33. A) Coffee travelled from South America to the Old World.

B) Coffee travelled from Europe to Ethiopia.

C) Brazil produces the greatest amount of coffee.

D) Ethiopia produces the greatest amount of coffee.

Passage Two

Questions 34 to 36 are based on the following passage:

34. A) It works faster than the human brain.

B) It seldom makes errors.

C) It can solve complicated problems.

D) It can “think” without information fed into it.

35. A) Its vacuum tubes.

B) Its electronic circuits.

C) Computer programs.

D) All of the above.

36. A) the advantages and disadvantages of computers

B) the future of the computer

C) the main features of the computer

D) the scientific principles of the computer

Passage Three

Questions 37 to 39 are based on the following passage:

37. A) To prevent car accidents.

B) To monitor the driver’s health.

C) To drive the car automatically.

D) To measure the driver’s pulse.

38. A) It sends out signals for help.

B) It takes over the driving immediately.C) It stops the car automatically.

D) It sounds an alarm to warn the driver.

39. A) It can measure the driver’s alcohol level in the blood.

B) It bases its analysis on the driver’s heartbeat.

C) It can quicken the driver’s response to emergencies.

D) It monitors the signals transmitted from the driver’s brain. Passage Four

Questions 40 to 44 are based on the following passage:

40. A) 150 years ago.

B) In the year 1553.

C) 3,000 years ago.

D) In the 18th century.

41. A) To preserve fish.

B) To help heal wounds.

C) To punish criminals.

D) To preserve dead bodies.

42. A) For stealing salt.

B) For selling salt without permission.

C) For taking salt from the king’s table.

D) For making salted fish.

43. A) He would lose his life.

B) He would lose one ear.

C) He would lose all his salt.

D) He would be heavily fined.

44. A) In front of important guests.

B) In front of less important guests.

C) In front of the king.

D) In the middle of the table.

Passage Five

Questions 45 to 47 are based on the following passage:

45. A) jump more than a few feet into the air

B) jump only a few feet into the air

C) jump in a curve for a few feet

D) jump in a curve for more than a few feet

46. A) in a straight line

B) in a curved line

C) a long distance before it fell back to the ground

D) a short distance before it fell back to the ground

47. A) he has no rocket engine in his hand

B) he could not throw it fast enough

C) he could not make the ball small enough

D) he could not throw the ball in a straight linePaper Two

Part I Listening Comprehension

Section D

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact word(s) you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Increasingly, over the past ten years, people -- especially young people -- have (48) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly convenience foods, is not good for the health. (49) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have (50) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , widely used in farming today.

Natural foods, for example, are (51) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ which (52) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that is rich in organic matter.

Natural foods (53) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ which have been allowed to (54) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in healthy pastures.

There are (55) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ which are now receiving (56) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually (57) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ !

Section E

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

The “ (58) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ “ sport of skin diving is (59) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as old as swimming. (60) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , skin diving was “natural” diving; that is, no breathing (61) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ was used. Pearl and sponge divers have been diving like this for (62) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . But during World War II, SCUBA was (63) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the sport. SCUBA () _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for “self-contained (65) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ breathing apparatus”.

The air tank strapped to the diver’s back adds some of the benefits of deep-water diving to the freedom of skin diving. The diver is able to stay under longer. Even so, this has not eliminated conventional diving. (66) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . But where mobility is a major consideration, or where the terrain is too rough for an air hose, SCUBA diving is the answer.

In addition to the usual air tank, which releases a stream of bubbles into the water when the diver exhales, there is a “closed circuit” SCUBA that is used by the military. (67) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . Most amateur skin diving today is done, however, for the sake of adventure and the beauty of the underwater scene.

Name:_____________ Class:_____________

Student No.:_____________ Score:_____________

Answer Sheet

Part I Listening Comprehension

Section A

1._____

2._____

3._____

4._____

5._____

6._____

7._____

8._____

9._____10._____

11._____12._____13._____14._____15._____

Section B

16._____17._____18._____19._____20._____

21._____22._____23._____24._____25._____

26._____27._____28._____29._____30._____

Section C

31._____32._____33._____34._____35._____

36._____37._____38._____39._____40._____

41._____42._____43._____44._____45._____

46._____47._____试卷4 ( 参)

Key

Paper One

Part I Listening Comprehension

Section A

1.D

2.C

3.A

4.D

5.B

6.B

7.D

8.C

9.A10.A

11.A12.D13.C14.A15.B

Section B

16.D17.C18.A19.C20.C

21.D22.D23.D24.C25.C

26.B27.D28.D29.B30.D

Section C

31.B32.B33.C34.D35.D

36.C37.A38.D39.B40.C

41.D42.A43.B44.C45.B

46.A47.BPaper Two

Part I Listening Comprehension

Section D

48. become aware of the need to change

49. Consequently, there has been a growing interest

50. not been affected by chemical fertilizers

51. vegetables, fruits and grains

52. have been grown in soil

53. also include animals

54. feed and move freely

55. other aspects of healthy eating

56. increasing attention from experts on diet

57. a non-essential food

Section E

58. modern

59. probably

60. Originally

61. equipment

62. centuries

63. introduced

. stands

65. underwater

66. Those who make the longer-lasting deep dives (below 130 feet) still need the protection of a heavier suit and unlimited air

67. This tank releases bubbles only during ascent so that the diver can work undetected试卷4 ( 听力文字稿)

Script of Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear several statements. Each statement will be read only once. Then there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have just heard. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

1.Ann prefers cold weather to hot weather.

2.The storm was supposed to come on Monday, but it’s two days late.

3.Make yourself at home.

4.Bit by bit my English is progressing.

5.Have you always been so thin?

6.I ran into an old friend at the restaurant.

7.Flight 818 departs on the 18th at twenty of eight in the evening.

8.The sports meet will be held, rain or shine.

9.I don’t remember calling him.

10.She has hardly any friends.

11.Please call me tomorrow. My telephone number is 2579402.

12.The program will go beyond ten.

13.Turn to page sixteen in your textbooks, and do the first fifteen problems.

14.Although John never means to tell, he just can’t keep a secret.

15.Ellen can’t go to the university unless she gets a scholarship.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 16.W: I am going to the Lincoln Park Apartments. They are on the 44th street.

M: I know where they are. Get in.

Q: What’s the probable relationship between th e two speakers?

17.M: Are you going to return to your present job after the vacation?

W: No, I plan to graduate next semester. That means I’ll have to be a full-time student.

Q: What will the woman do?

18.M: I can’t decide what to do about the meeting today.

W: Dick, you don’t have to go if you don’t want to. But if you should decide to go, I’ll be glad to drive you over about 3:00 o’clock.

Q: What will Dick be doing tonight?

19.W: Listen to me, Joe, the exam is already a thing of the past. Just forget about it.

M: That’s easier said than done.

Q: What can we infer from the conversation?

20.M: How about the food I ordered? I’ve been waiting for twenty minutes already.

W: I’m very sorry, sir. I’ll be back with your order in a minute.

Q: What’s the woman’s job?

21.W: Both Sam and George are very strong runners.

M: I’ve got a feeling that Sam’s going to finish first.

Q: What does the man mean?

22.W: Alex, how many times have I asked you to hang up your trousers when you take them off?M: After spending 12 hours at the office, I’m just too tired.

Q: What does the woman want her husband to do?

23.M: Operator, I’d like to make a call to Vancouver, Canada.

W: $5 for the first three minutes and $2 for each additional minute.

Q: How much would a ten-minute call cost?

24.M: Do you rent rooms by the week? You see, I’m not sure whether I’ll stay for a

whole month.

W: Yes. The rates are higher though. It’s $50 a week, but only $160 a month.

Q: How much will the man pay if he rents the room for three weeks?

25.M: Hello, is that 555-22? I’d like to speak to Mr. Johnson.

W: I’m sorry. You must have the wrong number. This is 555-9822.

Q: What telephone number did the man want to call?

26.W: I have brought lunch. What about eating our lunch in the park?

M: Good idea. That’s a lot more fun than eating in a restaurant.

Q: Where are they going to eat their lunch?

27.M: Is this the check-in counter for Flight 914 to Los Angeles?

W: Yes, but I’m sorry the flight is delayed because of a minor mechanical problem. Please wait for further notice.

Q: What do we learn from this conversation?

28.M: I think it’s high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving now.

W: I can’t agree with you better. You see, countless innocent people are killed by drunk

drivers each year.

Q: What does the woman mean?

29.W: I’m thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think it’s worth seeing?

M: Well, I wish I had been there.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

30.M: How did you like yesterday’s play?

W: Generally speaking, it was quite good. The part of the secretary was played wonderfully, but I think the man who played the boss was too dramatic to be realistic.

Q: How does the woman feel about the man’s acting in the play?

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One

In the last 500 years, nothing about people --- not their clothes, ideas, or languages --- has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of a certain kind of tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became popular. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.

The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people died from hunger when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine” of 1845-1846.

There are many other foods that have travelled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in many other countries of South America. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made int o a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.

31. Who made chocolate popular all over the world?

32. Where is the origin of the potato?33. Which of the following is TRUE?

Passage Two

A computer is a machine designed to perform work mathematically and to store and select information that has been fed into it. It is run by either mechanical or electronic means. These machines can do a great deal of complicated work in a very short time. A large computer, for example, can add or subtract nine thousand times a second, multiply a thousand times a second, or divide five hundred times a second. Its percentage of error is about one in a billion digits. It has been estimated that human beings making calculations average about one mistake per two hundred digits.

The heart of an electronic computer lies in its vacuum tubes, or transistors. Its electronic circuits work a thousand times faster than the nerve cells in the human brain. A problem that might take a human being two years to solve can be solved by a computer in one minute, but in order to do properly, a computer must be given instruction --- it must be programmed.

Computers can be designed for many specialized purposes --- they can be used to prepare payrolls, guide

airplane flights, direct traffic, even to play chess. Computers play an essential role in modern automation in

many places and factories throughout the world.

34. What is NOT the advantage of the computer?

35. Which of the following is important to the functions of a computer?

36. The passage is mainly concerned with ________.

Passage Three

When a sleepy driver has trouble with keeping his eyes on the road and gets too close to another car, an alarm sound will warn the driver. If nothing is done, the car will automatically come to a stop and in this way prevent an accident. This is a new device which will soon be tested in an experimental car in Japan. The computer warning system keeps track of a driver’s condition by monitoring his heartbeat with signals transmitted from a band around his wrist. The wrist band records the driver’s pulse which measures the heartbeat. Each pulse in the wrist sends a signal to the computer. By analyzing the pulse rate, the computer can determine whether a driver is drunk, sleeping or ill. Devices in other parts of the car can also tell the computer if the car is too close to another vehicle or is moving dangerously. The computer will sound the alarm when a problem arises, and will automatically stop the car if the driver ignores the warning.

37. Why is a computer system installed in an experimental car?

38. What does the computer system do first when a problem arises?

39. What is special about the new computer system?

Passage Four

We do not know when man first began to use salt, but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout history. Historical evidence shows, for example, that people who lived over 3,000 years ago ate salted fish. Thousands of years ago in Egypt, salt was used to keep the dead from decaying. Stealing salt was considered as a major crime during some periods of history. In the 18th century, for instance, if a person was caught stealing salt, he would be put in jail. Historical records show that ten thousand people were put in jail during that century for

s tealing salt. About 150 years before, in the year 1553, taking more than one’s share of salt was punishable as a crime. The offender’s ear would be cut off.

Salt was an important item on the table of a king. It was traditionally placed in front of the king when he sat down to eat. Important guests at the king’s table were seated near the salt. Less important guests were given seats further away from it.

40. When did evidence show people begin to eat salted fish?

41. How was salt used in Egypt thousands of years ago?

42. Why were ten thousand people put in jail during the 18th century?

43. In the 16th century, what would happen to a person who took more than his share of salt?

44. Traditionally, where was salt put on a king’s table?

Passage Five

Gravi ty holds us close to the Earth’s surface. Nobody can jump more than a few feet into the air without the force of gravity pulling him down. It takes a powerful engine to keep a plane up in the air. If you throw a ball upwards as hard as you can, you will notice that it travels in a curved path before it comes back to the ground. If the Earth had no gravity, the ball, instead of travelling in a curve, would move away in a straight line; in fact, it would never come back to the ground. If the Earth were to lose its pull of gravity, we should all fly off it as it spins round in space. The Earth has a strong pull, but modern rockets going out into space are able to escape from the gravity, because they travel so quickly. With the ball thrown into the air, the height reached by the ball depends upon how hard it is thrown. The greater the starting-speed, the higher the ball will go. If it could be thrown so that it travelled fast enough, the ball would escape into space and never come back. Nobody can throw a ball as fast as this, but powerful rocket engines can send spaceships away from the Earth at such a speed that the Earth’s gravity is not able to pull them back. This is how we can now send rockets to the Moon.

45. Because of gravity, we can ________.

46. Without gravity, a ball thrown into the air would travel ________.

47. Nobody could throw a ball away from the earth because _________.

Section D

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact word(s) you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Increasingly, over the past ten years, people -- especially young people -- have (48) become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly convenience foods, is not good for the health. (49) Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have (50) not been affected by chemical fertilizers , widely used in farming today.

Natural foods, for example, are (51) vegetables, fruits and grains which (52) have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter.

Natural foods (53) also include animals which have been allowed to (54) feed and move freely in healthy pastures.

There are (55) other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving (56) increasing attention from experts on diet . Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually (57) a non-essential food !

Section E

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

The “ (58) modern “ sport of skin diving is (59) probably as old as swimming. (60)Originally , skin diving was “natural” diving; that is, no breathing (61) equipment was used. Pearl and sponge divers have been diving like this for (62) centuries . But during World War II, SCUBA was (63) introduced to the sport. SCUBA () stands for “self-contained (65) underwater breathing apparatus”.

The air tank strapped to the diver’s back adds some of the benefits of deep-water diving to the freedom of skin diving. The diver is able to stay under longer. Even so, this has not eliminated conventional diving. (66) Those who make the longer-lasting deep dives (below 130 feet) still need the protection of a heavier suit and unlimited air . But where mobility is a major consideration, or where the terrain is too rough for an air hose, SCUBA diving is the answer.

In addition to the usual air tank, which releases a stream of bubbles into the water when the diver exhales, there is a “closed circuit” SCUB A that is used by the military. (67) This tank releases bubbles only during ascent so that the diver can work undetected . Most amateur skin diving today is done, however, for the sake of adventure and the beauty of the underwater scene.