
P43-1.1(1)
当取A(6/5,1/5)或B(3/2,0)时,z取最小值3。所以该问题有无穷多最优解,所有线段AB上的点都是最优解。
P43-1.2(1)
令,
P43-1.4(1)
图解法:
A(0,9/4),Z1=45/4;B(1,3/2),Z2=35/2;C(8/5,0),Z3=16。
单纯形法:
| 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Cb | Xb | b | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | θ |
| 0 | x3 | 9 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 0 | x4 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 8/5 |
| δ | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 0 | x3 | 21/5 | 0 | 14/5 | 1 | -3/5 | 3/2 |
| 10 | x1 | 8/5 | 1 | 2/5 | 0 | 1/5 | 4 |
| δ | 0 | 1 | 0 | -2 | |||
| 5 | x2 | 3/2 | 0 | 1 | 5/14 | -3/14 | |
| 10 | x1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | -1/7 | 2/7 | |
| δ | 0 | 0 | -5/14 | -25/14 | |||
P44-1.7(1)
大M法:
| 2 | -1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -M | -M | -M | ||||
| Cb | Xb | b | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 | θ |
| -M | x7 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| -M | x8 | 2 | -2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - |
| -M | x9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| δ | -M+2 | 3M-1 | M+2 | -M | -M | -M | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| -M | x7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 3/2 | -1 | 0 | 1/2 | 1 | 0 | -1/2 | 4 |
| -M | x8 | 2 | -2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| -1 | x2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1/2 | 0 | 0 | -1/2 | 0 | 0 | 1/2 | |
| δ | -M+ | 0 | 2.5M+ | -M | -M | 0.5M- | 0 | 0 | -1.5M+ | |||
| -M | x7 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 3/2 | 1/2 | 1 | -3/2 | -1/2 | |
| 2 | x3 | 2 | -2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| -1 | x2 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -1/2 | -1/2 | 0 | 1/2 | 1/2 | |
| δ | 4M+5 | 0 | 0 | -M | 1.5M+ | 0.5M- | 0 | -2.5M- | -1.5M+ | |||
| 2 | x1 | 3/4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -1/4 | 3/8 | 1/8 | 1/4 | -3/8 | -1/8 | |
| 2 | x3 | 7/2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1/2 | -1/4 | 1/4 | 1/2 | 1/4 | -1/4 | |
| -1 | x2 | 7/4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1/4 | -1/8 | -3/8 | 1/4 | 1/8 | 3/8 | |
| δ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5/4 | -3/8 | -9/8 | -M- | -M+ | -M+ | |||
两阶段法:
阶段一:
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | ||||
| Cb | Xb | b | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 | θ |
| -1 | x7 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| -1 | x8 | 2 | -2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - |
| -1 | x9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| δ | -1 | 3 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| -1 | x7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 3/2 | -1 | 0 | 1/2 | 1 | 0 | -1/2 | 4 |
| -1 | x8 | 2 | -2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 0 | x2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1/2 | 0 | 0 | -1/2 | 0 | 0 | 1/2 | |
| δ | -1 | 0 | 5/2 | -1 | -1 | 1/2 | 0 | 0 | -3/2 | |||
| -1 | x7 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 3/2 | 1/2 | 1 | -3/2 | -1/2 | |
| 0 | x3 | 2 | -2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| 0 | x2 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -1/2 | -1/2 | 0 | 1/2 | 1/2 | |
| δ | 4 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 3/2 | 1/2 | 0 | -5/2 | -3/2 | |||
| 0 | x1 | 3/4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -1/4 | 3/8 | 1/8 | 1/4 | -3/8 | -1/8 | |
| 0 | x3 | 7/2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1/2 | -1/4 | 1/4 | 1/2 | 1/4 | -1/4 | |
| 0 | x2 | 7/4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1/4 | -1/8 | -3/8 | 1/4 | 1/8 | 3/8 | |
| δ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | |||
| 2 | -1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Cb | Xb | b | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | θ |
| 2 | x1 | 3/4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -1/4 | 3/8 | 1/8 | |
| 2 | x3 | 7/2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1/2 | -1/4 | 1/4 | |
| -1 | x2 | 7/4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1/4 | -1/8 | -3/8 | |
| δ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5/4 | -3/8 | -9/8 | |||
P45-1.10
证明:CX(0)>=CX*,C*X*>=C*X(0) CX(0)-CX*+C*X*-C*X(0)>=0,即(C*-C)(X*-X(0))>=0。
P45-1.13
设饲料i使用xi (kg),则
s
第二章
P74-2.1(1)
P75-2.4
(1)
(2) (8/5,1/5)
(3) 无穷多最优解。
P75-2.5
(1)
(2)(0,1,0)是对偶问题一个可行解,对应w=1。所以z<=1。
P75-2.6
对偶问题:
由于,则必不能满足,所以对偶问题无解,原问题无可行解或者有无界解。而(0,1,1)显然是原问题的解,即原问题有可行解,所以原问题有无界解。
P76-2.9
| -4 | -12 | -18 | 0 | 0 | |||
| x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | |||
| -18 | x3 | 1 | 1/3 | 0 | 1 | -1/3 | 0 |
| -12 | x2 | 3/2 | -1/3 | 1 | 0 | 1/3 | -1/2 |
| δ | -2 | 0 | 0 | -2 | -6 | ||
| 2 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
| x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | |||
| 2 | x1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | x5 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| δ | 0 | -3 | -1 | -2 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
| x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | |||
| 2 | x1 | 8/3 | 1 | 0 | 2/3 | 2/3 | -1/3 |
| 3 | x2 | 10/3 | 0 | 1 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1/3 |
| δ | 0 | 0 | -4/3 | -7/3 | -1/3 | ||
| 2 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
| x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | |||
| 2 | x1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | x5 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| δ | 0 | -3 | -1 | -2 | 0 | ||
| 2 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | |||
| 2 | x1 | 10/3 | 1 | 2/3 | 0 | 2/3 | 0 | 1/3 |
| 0 | x5 | 22/3 | 0 | 8/3 | 0 | 2/3 | 1 | 1/3 |
| 1 | x3 | 8/3 | 0 | 1/3 | 1 | 1/3 | 0 | -1/3 |
| δ | 0 | -8/3 | 0 | -5/3 | 0 | -1/3 | ||
P104-3.7
| 最小元素 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | 产量 |
| A1 | 5 | 3 | 8 | ||
| A2 | 5 | 3 | 8 | ||
| A3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||
| 销量 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 3 |
| 西北角 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | 产量 |
| A1 | 6 | 2 | 8 | ||
| A2 | 3 | 5 | 8 | ||
| A3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||
| 销量 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 3 |
| 沃格尔 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | 产量 |
| A1 | 5 | 3 | 8 | ||
| A2 | 6 | 2 | 8 | ||
| A3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | ||
| 销量 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 最优 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5(虚拟列) | 生产量 | |
| 1 | 12 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 25 |
| 2 | M | 11 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 35 |
| 3 | M | M | 11.5 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 30 |
| 4 | M | M | M | 12.5 | 12.6 | 20 |
| 交货量 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 20 | 30 |
(1)
| b1 | b2 | b3 | b4 | ||
| a1 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 0 |
| a2 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| a3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| b1 | b2 | b3 | b4 | |
| a1 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 6 |
| a2 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| a3 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 |
| 1 | 1' | 2 | 3 | 3' | ||
| Ⅰ | 15 | 15 | 18 | 22 | 22 | 400 |
| Ⅱ | 21 | 21 | 25 | 16 | 16 | 450 |
| Ⅲ | M | 0 | M | M | 0 | 70 |
| 290 | 30 | 250 | 270 | 80 |
P120-4.2(1) X=(55,40)
P120-4.3(1)
| 0 | 0 | P1 | P1 | P2 | 3P4 | P3 | 5P4 | |||
| x1 | x2 | d1- | d1+ | d2- | d2+ | d3- | d3+ | |||
| 0 | x2 | 300 | 0 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -0.2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | x1 | 500 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| P3 | d3- | 500 | 0 | 0 | -3 | 3 | 0.6 | -0.6 | 1 | -1 |
| P1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| P2 | 1 | |||||||||
| P3 | 3 | -3 | -0.6 | 0.6 | 1 | |||||
| P4 | 3 | 5 |
第五章
P148-5.4
设x1~x8表示队员1~8是否被选中,“1”为选中,“0”为未选中。
P149-5.6(1)
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Cb | Xb | b | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 |
| 1 | x1 | 5/3 | 1 | 0 | 5/6 | -1/6 |
| 1 | x2 | 8/3 | 0 | 1 | -2/3 | 1/3 |
| Delta | 0 | 0 | -1/6 | -1/6 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Cb | Xb | b | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 |
| 1 | x1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 1 |
| 1 | x2 | 16/5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | -4/5 |
| 0 | x3 | 4/5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | -6/5 |
| Delta | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1/5 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Cb | Xb | b | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 |
| 1 | x1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 5/4 |
| 1 | x2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1 |
| 0 | x3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | -3/2 |
| 0 | x5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -5/4 |
| Delta | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1/4 | ||
P149-5.7(1)
再以x1<=3和x1>=4分支。x1>=4无可行解;x1<=3得X=(3,1),z=7为最优解。
P149-5.8(2)
| x1 | x2 | x3 | z | a | b | c | d | 过滤 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | T | T | T | T | z>=0 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | -1 | |||||
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | F | ||||
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | F | ||||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | T | T | T | T | z>=2 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | F | ||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | F |
P150-5.12
| 1.3 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 |
| 0 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0 |
| 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 | 0 |
| 0 | 1.05 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.4 |
| 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0 | 1.1 |
| 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.4 |
| 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.4 |
| 0.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 1.4 |
| 1.4 | 0.35 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0 |
| 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 0.3 |
| 0 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.4 |
| 1.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.4 |
| 0.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0 | 1.3 |
| 1.3 | 0.15 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 1 | 0 |
第七章
P227-7.1
A—B3—C3—D1—E,最短距离为11。
P230-7.9(3)
阶段:k
状态变量:sk+1表示阶段1-k的总投入
决策变量:xk表示k阶段投入
状态转移:sk=sk+1-akxk
阶段指标:g1(x1)=4x1;g2(x2)=9x2;g3(x3)=2x32
边界:f0(s1)=0;s4=10
最优指标:fk(sk+1)=max{gk(xk)+fk-1(sk)}
k=1,
f1(s2)=max{4x1}(0=<2x1<=s2),当x1=s2/2时,f1(s2)=2s2;
k=2,
f2(s3)=max{9x2+2s2}(0=<4x2<=s3)=max{x2+2s3},当x2=s3/4时,f2(s3)=9s3/4;
k=3,
f3(10)=max{2x32+9s3/4}(0=<3x3<=10)=max{2x32-27x3/4+45/2},当x3=0时,f3(10)=45/2。
P230-7.11
k=1,f1(s2)=max{80x1}(0=<2x1<=s2)=80[s2/2]
| s2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| f1(s2) | 0 | 0 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 160 | 240 |
| x1* | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| s3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
| x2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| c2+f2 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 80 | 130 | 160 | 130 | 160 | 210 | 240 | 210 | 260 |
| f2(s3) | 0 | 0 | 80 | 130 | 160 | 210 | 260 | |||||
| x2* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |||||
P231-7.15
k=4,
f4(s4)=max{r4(s4)-u4(s4), r4(0)-u4(0)-c4(s4)},s4可取1,2,3。则:
f4(1)=15.5,K;f4(2)=13.5,KR;f4(3)=13,R。
k=3,
f3(s3)=max{r3(s3)-u3(s3)+f4(s3+1), r3(0)-u3(0)-c3(s3)+f4(1)},s3可取1,2。则:
f3(1)=29.5,R;f3(2)=29,R。
k=2,
f2(s2)=max{r2(s2)-u2(s2)+f3(s2+1), r2(0)-u2(0)-c2(s2)+f3(1)},s2只能取1。则:
f2(1)=44.5,K。
k=1,
f1(s1)=max{r1(s1)-u1(s1)+f2(s1+1), r1(0)-u1(0)-c1(s1)+f2(1)},s1只能取0。则:
f1(0)=62.5,K。
所以4年分别保留、保留、更新、保留,最终盈利62.5。
