
| 明石海峡大桥 |
明石海峡大桥具有以下特点:
1) 大桥主跨1991米,全长3991米(跨径中1米的余数是由于阪神大地震所引起的)。采用这样的跨径是为了适应通航要求、桥位处地形地质条件以及两岸的用地状况等。
2)两个主墩建在水深、潮急的设置沉箱基础之上,而两岸庞大的锚碇基础则分别使用了不同的新技术。全部基础均采用最新的抗震设计理论精心设计,以抵抗该地区经常发生的强裂地震。另外,施工中还大量使用了新型低热水泥,以及掺和各种混合料的混凝土。
3)钢结构的桥塔矗立于海面以上297米,结构采取了良好的制风振措施。
4)主缆采用预制平行丝股法架设而成。钢丝束使用了最新的高强镀锌钢丝,其抗拉极限强度高达1800MPa。
5)大桥加劲梁为桁架式,架设时没有干扰桥下日通行量达1400艘的船舶交通。加劲梁已通过风洞试验表明具有足够的抗风强度。
Akashi Kaikyo Bridge
The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge(AKB) is a three-span, two-hinged stiffening girder system suspension bridge with main span of 1991 m and a total length of 3911 m. It spans the Akashi Strait between Kobe City and Awajishima Island. The original plan for the AKB, which contained railway lines as well, was at one point cancelled by the government ; in 1985 the decision was made to restrict it to highway use only. In April of the following year, the commencement ceremony was conducted ; after various investigations and procedures, actual construction began in May 1988, and took a total of ten years. The AKB become the longest suspension bridges in the world, surpassing the Humber Bridge (England, 1,410 meter center span) by 581 meters. After the real work at the site for the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge in May 1988, the work continued while overcoming many difficulty including an encounter with the Great Hanshin Earthquake in January 17, 1995. Although in primary design the AKB was 3,910 meters long overall, with a center span of 1,990 meters, it was extended 1 meter by the Earthquake. It is also noteworthy that no fatal accident was recorded in approximate 10 year's construction work.
The Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge has the following characteristics.
1) The bridge has a main span length of 1991 m and a total length of 3991 m (fraction in each length was due to the Kobe Earthquake) to meet such conditions as the waterway for navigation, the topography and geology at the straits, the land usage at both shores and so on.
2) Two main piers were constructed as spread foundations by Laying-down caisson method at positions with great sea depth and strong tidal current. Also, big and deep foundations for the anchorages were constructed on reclaimed lands with various new technology. All foundations were well designed against severe earthquake with a newly investigated seismic design method. In addition, newly developed low heat type cement and concretes with various mix were used in actual construction.
3) The main towers made of steel reached 297 m above the sea level and were erected with high accuracy while oscillation by the wind was carefully suppressed.
4) The main cables, which were erected by Prefabricated Parallel Wires Strand method, were made of newly developed high strength galvanized wires, whose breaking strength was improved to 1800 N/mm2.
5) The suspended structure was designed to be truss stiffened, and its erection was carried out without disturbing heavy sea traffic reaching about 1400 ships per day. And, its aerodynamic stability was carefully checked in a newly constructed boundary layer large wind tunnel facility.
