
I.Introduction
Business reports are required in disciplines such as accounting, finance, management, marketing and commerce. The difference between short and long reports depends in the subject matter, the purpose, the format and writing style, and the readers' needs (expectations of the audiences for formal reports). In a formal report, the audience expects a methodical presentation of the subject that includes summaries of important points as well as appendices on tangential and secondary points. Note that the readers for a formal report are often two or more distinct audiences. These distinct audiences for example could include professionals specializing in the report's subject matter, professionals not specializing in the report's subject matter, and managers overseeing the report's subject matter.
Generally speaking, business reports can be classified into formal reports and informal reports. Informal business reports can take the forms of letter, memo and simplified reports.
A simplified report usually includes the following parts:
(a) The title----needs to state briefly and precisely what the report is about and should preferably be underlined.
(b) The terms of reference ---explain the purpose of the report, what exactly has been requested, whom the report is intended for and when it is to be handed in. If no specific date is mentioned in the question, then any reasonable date is acceptable, often it will be 'as soon as possible'.
(c) The proceedings----list and explain how the information was gathered.
(d) The findings--- -point out discoveries made during the course of the report investigation. Under 'Findings' there should be no opinions given on what has been found.
(e) The conclusions--- provide logical conclusions based on the findings.
(f) The recommendations -----state actions that the writer of the report feels need to be taken based on the findings and conclusions. The recommendations section can be missed out unless they have been asked for specifically but normally they are needed.
(g) The signature---usually is placed at the end of a report.
(h) The date-----on which the report is written also goes at the end.
II.Sample study
Sample 1 A report on company’s benefits package
Staff’s comments on current benefits package
Terms of Reference
Margaret Anderson, Director of Personnel has requested this report on employee benefits satisfaction. The report was to be submitted to her by 28 June.
Procedure
1.A representative selection of 15% of all employees were interviewed in the period between April 1st and April 15th concerning:
2.Overall satisfaction with our current benefits package
3.Problems encountered when dealing with the personnel department
4.Suggestions for the improvement of communication policies
5.Problems encountered when dealing with our HMO
Findings
1.Employees were generally satisfied with the current benefits package.
2.Some problems were encountered when requesting vacation due to what is perceived as long approval waiting periods.
3.Older employees repeatedly had problems with HMO prescription drugs procedures.
4.Employees between the ages of 22 and 30 report few problems with HMO.
5.Most employees complain about the lack of dental insurance in our benefits package.
6.The most common suggestion for improvement was for the ability to process benefits requests online.
Conclusions
1.Older employees, those over 50, are having serious problems with our HMO's ability to provide prescription drugs.
2.Our benefits request system needs to be revised as most complaints concerning in-house processing.
3.Improvements need to take place in personnel department response time.
4.Information technology improvements should be considered as employees become more technologically savvy.
Recommendations
1.Meet with HMO representatives to discuss the serious nature of complaints concerning prescription drug benefits for older employees.
2.Give priority to vacation request response time as employees need faster approval in order to be able to plan their vacations.
3.Take no special actions for the benefits package of younger employees.
4.Discuss the possibility of adding an online benefits requests system to our company Intranet.
T
Office Manager
From: Christine Fellows
Personal Assistant
Ref:CF/AB
D9
REPORT ON THE PREVENTION OF WASTEFUL USE OP STATIONERY AND REPROGRAPHIC SERVICES
1. Introduction
On Tuesday, 28, July you asked me to investigate the current wasteful use of stationery in the department and to suggest ways in which it might be more economically used in the future. My report was to be submitted to you by Friday, 14 August, 2009.
2. Findings
(1) Stationery Use Investigated
The range of the departmental stationery investigated comprised: headed letter and memoranda notepaper, fanfold, tractor-fed printer paper, cut-sheet printer and photocopying paper, fax paper and the range of envelopes in use.
(2) Stationery Associated with Correspondence/Internal Mail
I he suspccled increase in wasteful practices was confirmed upon investigation. I spoke to executive staff who confirmed that, despite our extensive use of WP drafting, a significant proportion of ostensible final copies were being returned because of errors still present.
Observation and discussion with secretarial staff confirmed that clerical and executive staff in particular is using printed stationery and unused envelopes on occasion as message pads.
Regarding envelopes, white ones are being used where manila(吕宋纸) would serve, and much more confidential internal mail is being sent in sealed envelopes. No member of staff" appears to be reusing envelopes. Also, despite the introduction of the LAN, staff are still distributing paper-based memoranda and attached copy files when multiple distribution could be achieved through the network with commensurate cost-saving on photocopying.
(3) Photocopying Practices
The departmental copier is in need of servicing and staffs are wasting extensive amounts of copy paper as a result of a fault which creases paper.
Furthermore, departmental staff continues to use our three single-sheet copiers for batch copying instead of the much cheaper departmental and company systems copiers, despite regular requests not to do so.
(4) Increase in Stationery Costs
1 analyzed the cost of departmental stationery, comparing this year's second quarter with the first, and this year's consumption to date against last year's.
The stationery bill for the second quarter of this year is 30% higher for the first quarter (Jan-March $621. 50; April-June $807. 95). Allowing for increase in price, the department's stationery bill for this year to date against an equivalent period last year is some 18% higher — $ 1731.01 compared with $ 1419.42 last year. This increase does not appear to be justified by an equivalent increase in the output of the department. Moreover, the rate of increase is rising.
3. Conclusions and Recommendations
The investigations 1 have made do justify the concern expressed about excessive waste of office stationery and reprographic services and its impact on departmental running costs.
The increase in careless use of stationery is not confined to one section but is to be found, in different forms throughout the department. If action is not taken immediately the department is unlikely to keep within its administration budget.
I should therefore like to recommend the following for your consideration:
(1) A meeting with senior secretarial staff should be called to discuss the gravity of the problem and to obtain their co-operation in improving both managerial and secretarial performance. A refresher course could be mounted by the training department.
(2) Control of stationery issues should be tightened; sections should be required to account quarterly for stationery if this proves practical in principle.
(3) Consideration should be given to centralizing all reprographic work carried out in the department so as to ensure that cost-effective approaches are optimized.
| (4) Departmental policy on LAN e-mailing procedures and message routing should be revised and all staff notified. |
Financial Report
Purpose
To present the Board with a brief update on progress with the final accounts for 2003/04 and seek approval for the budget for 2004/05.
I Financial Outturn 2003/04
The final accounts process is ongoing, with a targeted deadline of 14 May 2004.
This process included a full inter-NHS agreement of balances. The process is proceeding to plan to date, although the timetable remains tight and there remains much to do in the time available.
At the April Board a forecast underspend of £582,000 was reported. AGW StHA has agreed with the PCT for these funds to be made available within the BNSSG Community—specifically NBT—to assist overall breakeven. Consequently, this underspend has been spent.
As part of the arrangement outlined above, the PCT anticipates a return of £257 000 of revenue resource and £128,500 of capital resource in 2004/05.
At the time of this report further underspends have been identified totalling £300,000. £165,000 in respect of Free Nursing Care and £140,000 in Primary Care slippage on PMS schemes.
The PCT therefore continues to forecast to meet its duty to remain within its revenue resource limit. Similarly, the PCT will be well within its capital re¬source limit due to underspends on LIFT resources.
2 Recovery Plan
The Board has received a draft Recovery Plan which remains substantially the same. It has been updated for the LDP changes identified above and a revised plan is attached in Appendix 4.
It should he appreciated that the PCT remains with a target of unidentified savings¬ of £2.2m. The LDP assumes that these will he delivered recurringly and on this basis the PCT reaches recurring balance in 2005/06.
3 Budget
Attached in Appendix 1 is a detailed budget for approval by the Board. This is prepared in line with previously submitted papers to the Board, including the BNSSG Financial Framework, the LDP and the Recovery Plan. The risks associated with the budget have been separately identified to the Board.
Attached in Appendix 2 is another presentation of the budget for approval, which provides some analysis of the proposed budget for 2004/05.
4 Recommendations
The Board is asked to:
Note that the forecast outturn for 2003/04 is that the PCT will meet all its statutory duties.
Note the changes in the LDP for 2004/05.
Approve the budget, including the associated Recovery Plan.
Approve the capital budget for 2004/05.
| Mary Hutton 26 April 2004 |
• Consider the purpose of your report: who it is for, why he/she wants it, how he/she will use it?
• State the aim and emphasis of the report briefly.
• Decide what information is important and what is irrelevant.
• Gather information for the report through research, interviews, and your personal knowledge about the topic.
• Select an appropriate format for the report. Decide whether the report will be oral or written or both. Decide whether to use a printed form, a memorandum, a letter, or a conventional report format.
• Arrange the points of information in a logical sequence and in order of importance.
• Decide where you might need illustrations or diagrams.
• Reports should be concise and factual. Opinions are given in the "conclusions" section. However, these opinions should be based on facts presented in the "findings".
• Use simple tenses (usually the present simple) to express facts.
• Summarize the results of your research in a reader-friendly way in the findings.
• Use the imperative form (Discuss the possibility ..., Give priority ..., etc.) in the "recommendations" section as these apply to the company as a whole.
IV.Useful expressions
1. The purpose of this report is to investigate / evaluate / study... 本报告的目的是为了调查/ 评估/研究......
2. The objective of this report is to recommend / analyze / ... 本报告的目标是为了推荐/分析......
3. Enclosed is a report about...随函附上的是关于......的报告。
4. A sample of workers was individually asked for their opinions.抽出参加调查的工人都是单独询问意见的。
5. A questionnaire was completed by those who were surveyed in this project.
问卷调查表已由本项目中被调查的人完成。
6. The findings of the investigation indicate that. . . 调查结果显示......
7. It was found /discovered that... 结果发现.....
8. Most people thought / suggested that...大部分人认为/建议.....
9. According to the findings above, it can be concluded that...根据以上调查结果,可以得出以下结论......
10. On the basis of results, I have the following recommendations…根据调查结果,我提出如下建议:
V.Language practice
Practice 1 Complete the following reports with the words given in the boxes.
A.Investigation Report
| Separate revealed proposal favoured available solutions raised forbidding |
Terms of reference
The Management Committee has asked for a report with the aim of sounding staff 1)__________ on forbidding smoking in the factory and the offices. The report is wanted as soon as possible.
Proceedings
Interviews took place with all 50 members of staff who were asked whether they favoured:
1. a complete 2)__________ on smoking everywhere at Chickwanaa Industries
2. restricting smoking to one room which would be 3)__________ at break-times.
Findings
The interviews 4)__________:
• 40% in favour of complete ban
• 34% against a complete ban
• 72% in favour of having a room available for smoking at break-times
• 16% 5)__________ having a room available for smoking at break-times. The staff raised several supplementary considerations including:
• how the restrictions will be 6)__________
• what 7)__________ will be permitted.
Conclusions
• There is not a substantial 8)__________ in favour of or against a full ban on smoking.
• There is strong 9)__________ for a separate room to be made available to smokers.
• The details of the proposal are not fully clear.
Recommendations
1 Reconsider the proposal. A complete ban would not be universally 10)_________.
2 Ask the Staff Committee to liaise with its members and to suggest solutions.
| Robert Liang September 5, 2009 |
co-operate decline solutions findings performance incentives
| flow contact supply up-to-date appoint advanced |
Your Ref. : Steven/W-20412
October 31- 2009
Dear Sir,
Sales Performance of the Manchester Branch Office
You expressed concern and dissatisfaction at the poor sales 1)__________ of the Manchester Office, Chamberlain Street, Manchester NL2 5QR. You instructed me to examine the causes of the 2)__________ in sales, and to recommend possible3)__________.
I visited the branch office and most of their major customers in the area, and the following are my 4)__________:
(1) Some of our major customers in Manchester have closed down, and some have moved to other areas.
(2) Other customers are thinking of moving to new towns, such as Skelmersdale. There are quite generous government 5)__________ for movement to these and other development areas.
(3) The Manchester Branch has not kept an 6)__________ mailing list for sending circulars to existing customers who have moved, or to potential customers new to the area.
(4) The customers I visited were interested in more 7)__________ mobile phones instead of the present old models we supply them with.
With the 8)__________ of our customers to other areas, the sales became poorer and poorer, and the sales in the following months will be even poorer.
I therefore recommend that the Manchester Branch Office should 9)__________ a traveling salesman, whose job will be to cover the North West of England. He should 10)__________ our old customers at their new addresses, and should help in keeping the mailing list up-to-date. He should 11)__________ with the Sales Department in the Manchester Branch to find new customers in the Northwest
Area.
Finally, I recommend that we begin to 12)__________ our customers with the latest models of our products, as demand for them is certainly growing fast.
Yours sincerely,
| Joan Sung |
2002 Market Segmentation; Soft Drinks in Beijing
( 1 ) Bottled water has the second biggest market share at 28. 9%. This sector has been picking up fast, partly due to in¬tensified water pollution in recent years, when people prefer bottled natural water to tap water. Nongfu Spring, Wahaha, and Robust are the top three in this group.
( 2 ) The carbonic acid drink category is so far the most important of all soft drinks in the marketplace. This group of drink brands takes up nearly half of the market share pie chart.
( 3 ) Next come the tea beverages, which -take 12. 4% of the total soft market. From a restrained base this sector has ¬developed quickly for their health and taste features to the-liking of the Chinese. A typical brand is perhaps Xurisheng.
( 4 ) This report attempts to represent the market shares in Beijing of five soft drinks for the early summer period of the year 2004.
( 5 ) The remaining market go to the dairy drinks, fruit juice and vegetable extracts, what people call the "future drinks" . These now take only between 8. 4% and 6. 5% of the total, but they promise a bright future.
( 6 ) Within the carbonic class, Coca and. Pepsi Colas are the major players, netting 22. 6% of the soft market in a duo, and nearly half of the carbonic acid total in Beijing. The rest of the market is shared out to such indigenous brands as Future Cola and Jianlibao.
| Source: Based on student work. |
Mrs. Diana Hayes,
Chairman of the Board University
Inn 683 Arnold Road
Urbana-Champaign, IL 500
Dear Mrs. Hayes,
This is the report on my visit to the hotel in Tianjin, May 28. 1) _________________
__________(大体来说,我发现情况运转正常、有效。). The staff seemed hard working and courteous. For example, as soon as I checked in, even though I was not identified as an inspector, a very polite porter was right there to take my luggage and escort me to my room. In addition, 2)________________________(设备和服务总体是好的), especially those connected with the front desk, the lobby, and the dinning room.
However, I must report a few concerns. First, the elevator service was slow. This is not surprising, in tact, when you consider that 3)_______________________(一个16层的旅馆却只有两个电梯).
Seocod, 4) ___________ ___________(我房间的空调很难以调到舒适的水平). When I asked for help, an engineer adjusted it for me. Because, tools were needed to make the adjustment, finally 1 was unable to change the air temperature after that. 5) ________________________(我发现其他的房间有同样的问题), though not in all.
Finally, 6) ________________________ (主台阶的地毯已经退色、破旧). For aesthetic reasons as well as for reasons of safety, it should be replaced.
I do not wish to give the impression that the hotel is operating improperly even though that it is in very poor condition. 7)__________________________(相反,服务、员工和设备在总体上来说是好的。)If the problems mentioned in this report are corrected, the hotel will merit an excellent quality rating.
Sincerely,
Tom Ryan
| Director of the General Manager's Office |
All customers are contacted by telephone or letter one month after Tracer Ltd has installed a security system for them. They are asked their opinions on the installation. Mrs Pearce asks you to write o report based on the previous 4 weeks’ comments for her to present to the next Board of Directors. She says, 'I shall be interested especially in any adverse comments about our goods. We have set high standards and must keep to them.' Here is a breakdown of the comments made by customers on the equipment supplied by Tracer Ltd in the past 4 weeks.
Comment Burglar Smoke Security Closed circuit All
alarms alarms lights TV installations
Excellent 1327 324 298 42 1991
Good 105 268 379
Satisfactory 51 151 2 1 205
Unsatisfactory 2 43 0 0 45
No response 15 16 11 0 42
| Total 1500 802 48 2662 |
Burglar alarms
• Too sensitive ...'
• 'I know they have got to be heard but the sound is deafening.'
Smoke alarms
• 'It is set off by the slightest amount of smoke ...' (MANY SIMILAR COMPLAINTS!)
• 'It looks ugly.'
• 'It is too noticeable.'
• 'I don't like its appearance.'
| • 'Very poor quality ... it looks cheap.' |
