51单片机、数字钟、LCD显示年月日、闹钟、纪念日功能完整测试成功版

   基于内部定时器的走时、调时、整点报时（蜂鸣器、LED）、3个闹钟设置，LCD显示时、分、秒、年、月、日、5个按键操作,添加纪念日功能。

     题    目：    单片机电子钟        

     院 （系）：        

     专    业：              

     学    号：               

     姓    名：                  

                                  2011年  11 月  11 日

摘  要

...

关键词：单片机    ATC51   1602液晶显示器 

2.实验内容

2.1电子钟的仿真及原理图

原理图如下：

2.2电子钟的PCB封装图

2.3 ATC51的工作原理

     ATC51是美国ATMEL公司生产的低电压，高性能CMOS8位单片机，片内含4k bytes的可反复擦写的只读程序存

储器（PEROM）和128 bytes的随机存取数据存储器（RAM），器件采用ATMEL公司的高密度、非易失性存储技术生产，

兼容标准MCS-51指令系统，片内置通用8位处理器（CPU）和Flash存储单元，功能强大ATC51单片机可为您提

供许多高性价比的应用场合，可灵活应用于各种控制领域。

3、功能特性概述：

ATC51 提供以下标准功能：4k 字节Flash 闪速存储器，128字节内部RAM，32 个I／O 口线，两个16位定时／计

数器，一个5向量两级中断结构，一个全双工串行通信口，片内振荡器及时钟电路。同时，ATC51可降至0Hz的静态逻

辑操作，并支持两种软件可选的节电工作模式。空闲方式停止CPU的工作，但允许RAM，定时／计数器，串行通信口及

中断系统继续工作。掉电方式保存RAM中的内容，但振荡器停止工作并禁止其它所有部件工作直到下一个硬件复位。

  3.1 主要性能参数：

·与MCS-51产品指令系统完全兼容

·4k字节可重擦写Flash闪速存储器

·1000次擦写周期

·全静态操作：0Hz－24MHz

·三级加密程序存储器

·128×8字节内部RAM

·32个可编程I／O口线

·2个16位定时／计数器

·6个中断源

·可编程串行UART通道

·低功耗空闲和掉电模式

4、电子钟工作原理：

利用51单片机内部定时计数器功能产生1S的计时，通过设定好的变量及函数分别按一定进制累加到时、分、秒、日、月、年上，通过按键扫描完成时间修改及闹钟设置，最后通过LCD1602显示时间，通过蜂鸣器及LED进行整点报时和闹钟报时。

5、通用1602液晶介绍：

6、电子钟源程序程序

/*********************************************************************

使用说明：

K1键为菜单选项：单击→进入位选择修改；双击：修改；

K2键为上调键；K3键为下调键；K4键为退出修改；

K5键为闹钟时间设置键；按一次：闹钟一；两次：闹钟二；三次：闹钟三；四次：重置 五次：纪念日

**********************************************************************/

#include

/********************************************************************

            位定义

*********************************************************************/

sbit RS=P2^0;        //功能数据选择位

sbit RW=P2^1;        //读写选择位

sbit E=P2^2;         //使能位          0

sbit busy=P0^7;      //lcd忙标位

sbit menu=P1^0;      //菜单及确定

sbit inc=P1^1;       //增一

sbit dec=P1^2;       //减一

sbit quit=P1^3;      //退出

sbit sound=P1^4;     //闹钟控制

/*********************************************************************

          全局变量

**********************************************************************/

unsigned char data sec20,sec,min,hour,amin1,ahour1,amin2,ahour2,amin3,ahour3,temp,year1,year2,month,day,amonth,aday;       //计秒，秒，分，时

unsigned char data timebuf[]={0,0,0x3a,0,0,0x3a,0,0,0,0,0,0,0x2d,0,0,0x2d,0,0};   //存放时间

unsigned char key;           //按键标志

unsigned char time=0;       //记录按menu键的次数

unsigned char place=0x84;   //记录光标的位置

unsigned char signal=0;     //光标与时间值增减标志位        //0光标        1时间值

/*********************************************************************

         函数申明

**********************************************************************/

void delay(unsigned char ms);                 //延时函数

void cbusy();                  //测试lcd忙碌状态函数

void wrcom(unsigned char cmd);     //写指令函数

void wrdat(unsigned char dat);  //写数据函数

void lcdinit();                //lcd初始化函数

void protime();                 //时间处理函数

void display();                 //时间显示函数

unsigned char scankey();                 //按键扫描

void keywork();                     // 按键功能处理函数

void naoling1();

void naoling2();

void naoling3();

/*********************************************************************

         延时函数

**********************************************************************/

void delay(unsigned char ms)

{

  unsigned char i;

  unsigned char m=4;

  while(ms--)

     {

for(i=0;i<20;i++)

          {

             do

               {}while(m--);

          }

     }

}

/*********************************************************************

         测试lcd忙碌状态函数

**********************************************************************/

void cbusy()

{

   do

     { P0=0xff;

       RS=0;

       RW=1;

       E=0;

       E=0;

       busy=P0&0x80;

       E=1;

     }while(busy!=0);

}

/*********************************************************************

         写指令函数

**********************************************************************/

void wrcom(unsigned char cmd)

{

  P0=cmd;

  RS=0;

  RW=0;

  E=0;

  cbusy();

  E=1;

}

/*********************************************************************

         写数据函数

**********************************************************************/

void wrdat(unsigned char dat)

{

  P0=dat;

  RS=1;

  RW=0;

  E=0;

  cbusy();

  E=1;

}

/*********************************************************************

         lcd初始化函数

**********************************************************************/

void lcdinit()

{

  wrcom(0x01);   //清屏

  wrcom(0x38);   //8位总线，5*7点阵

  wrcom(0x14);   //文字不动光标自动右移

  wrcom(0x0c);   //开显示光标不显不闪

}

/*********************************************************************

        定时器0中断产生秒

**********************************************************************/

void time0() interrupt 1              /*定时中断0*/

{

  TL0=0xb0;      //定时50ms

  TH0=0x3c;    

  sec20++;       //计数到一秒 

  protime();

}

/*********************************************************************

         闹铃函数

**********************************************************************/

void naoling1()

{

    amin1=min;

    ahour1=hour;

}

void naoling2()

{

    amin2=min;

    ahour2=hour;

}

void naoling3()

{

    amin3=min;

    ahour3=hour;

}

/*********************************************************************

        时间处理函数

**********************************************************************/

void protime()

{

if(sec20>19) //一秒到

     {

        sec20=0;

        sec++;

     }

if(sec>59)

         {

           sec=0;

           min++;

         }

if(min>59)

             {

               min=0;

               hour++;

             }

if(hour>23)

                 {

                   hour=0;

                      day++;

                  }

             if(day>31)

                  { 

                    day=0;

                    month++;

                  }

             if(month>12)

               { month=0;

                year2++;}

   timebuf[0]=sec%10+48;            //时间数据更新

   timebuf[1]=sec/10+48;

   timebuf[3]=min%10+48;

   timebuf[4]=min/10+48;

   timebuf[6]=hour%10+48;

   timebuf[7]=hour/10+48;

   timebuf[8]=year1/10+48;            //时间数据更新

   timebuf[9]=year1%10+48;

   timebuf[10]=year2/10+48;            //时间数据更新

   timebuf[11]=year2%10+48;

   timebuf[13]=month/10+48;

   timebuf[14]=month%10+48;

   timebuf[16]=day/10+48;

   timebuf[17]=day%10+48;

   display();

 /*  if(min==0&&sec==0){sound=0;delay(1);sound=1;delay(1);

   sound=0;delay(1);sound=1;delay(1);sound=0;delay(1);sound=1;delay(1);    

   }   */

   if(min==0&&sec==0||amin1==min&&ahour1==hour&&sec==0||amin2==min&&ahour2==hour&&sec==0||amin3==min&&ahour3==hour&&sec==0||aday==day&&amonth==month&&min==0&&sec==0&&hour==0)

   {sound=0;}    

if(sec>5) { sound=1;}

}

/*********************************************************************

       时间显示函数

**********************************************************************/

void display()

{

  unsigned char t;

  //wrcom(0x80);

  //wrdat(0xfb);

  wrcom(0x84);

for(t=8;t>=1;t--)

     {

       wrdat(timebuf[t-1]);

     }

     wrcom(0xc3);     

for(t=7;t<=16;t++)

     {

       wrdat(timebuf[t+1]); 

     }      

   if(amin1!=61)

   {   wrcom(0xc1); 

          wrdat(0x41);

   }

}

/*********************************************************************

       按键扫描

**********************************************************************/

unsigned char scankey()

{

  if(P1!=0xff)           //判断是否有键按下

     {

       delay(2);         //延时消抖

       if(P1!=0xff)

          {

            switch(P1)

              {

                case 0xfe:{P1=0xff; while(P1!=0xff); return(1);}break;      //判断所按键值并等

                case 0xfd:{P1=0xff; while(P1!=0xff); return(2);}break;      //  等待按键松开，再

                case 0xfb:{P1=0xff; while(P1!=0xff); return(3);}break;      //   返回键值

                case 0xf7:{P1=0xff; while(P1!=0xff); return(4);}break;

                case 0x7f:{P1=0xff; while(P1!=0xff); return(5);}break;

              }

          }

     }

    else

       return(0);

}

/*********************************************************************

      按键功能处理函数

**********************************************************************/

void keywork()

{

  key=scankey();

  switch(key)

   {

     case 1:                  //按下menu键

         {    

            time++;           //menu键按下次数

            EA=0;             //关中断停止计时产生秒

            if((time%2)==0)   //判断按下是否为修改时间的状态

              {

               wrcom(place);

               wrcom(0x0f);   //光标显、闪

               signal=1;      //修改时间模式

               }

            else

              {

                wrcom(place);

                wrcom(0x0e);  //光标显，不闪

                signal=0;     //选择修改位模式

              }

          } break;

     case 2:                          //按下inc键

          {

             if(signal==0)          //修改位模式下

               {

                 place++;           //显示位置循环移动

                 wrcom(place);

                 if(place==0x8c)

                   place=0xc2;

             if(place>=0xcd)

                  place=0x83;

                }

            else

         switch(place)                     //修改时间值模式下

           {

             case 0x84:{

                        wrcom(0x84);      //保证光标闪烁位置和当前位置一至

                        wrcom(0x0f);

                        timebuf[7]++;

if(timebuf[7]>50)

                           timebuf[7]=48;

                         display();

                         wrcom(0x84);

                         } break;

             case 0x85:{

                        wrcom(0x85);

                        wrcom(0x0f);

                        timebuf[6]++;

if(timebuf[7]<50)

                          {

if(timebuf[6]>57)

                               timebuf[6]=48;

                           }

                        else

                             {

if(timebuf[6]>51)

                               timebuf[6]=48;

                              }     

                           display();

                           wrcom(0x85);

                        } break;

             case 0x86:break;

             case 0x87:{

                        wrcom(0x87);

                        wrcom(0x0f);

                        timebuf[4]++;

if(timebuf[4]>53)

                           timebuf[4]=48;

                           display();

                           wrcom(0x87);

                        }break;

             case 0x88:{

                        wrcom(0x88);

                        wrcom(0x0f);

                        timebuf[3]++;

if(timebuf[3]>57)

                           timebuf[3]=48;

                           display();

                           wrcom(0x88);

                        }break;

             case 0x:break;

             case 0x8a:{

                        wrcom(0x8a);

                        wrcom(0x0f);

                        timebuf[1]++;

if(timebuf[1]>53)

                           timebuf[1]=48;

                           display();

                           wrcom(0x8a);

                        }break;

             case 0x8b:{

                        wrcom(0x8b);

                        wrcom(0x0f);

                        timebuf[0]++;

if(timebuf[0]>57)

                           timebuf[0]=48;

                           display();

                           wrcom(0x8b);

                        }break;

            case 0xcc:{

                        wrcom(0xcc);

                        wrcom(0x0f);

                        timebuf[17]++;

if(timebuf[17]>57)

                           timebuf[17]=48;

                           display();

                           wrcom(0xcc);

                        }break;

            case 0xcb:{

                        wrcom(0xcb);

                        wrcom(0x0f);

                        timebuf[16]++;

if(timebuf[16]>51)

                           timebuf[16]=48;

                           display();

                           wrcom(0xcb);

                        }break;

            case 0xc9:{

                        wrcom(0xc9);

                        wrcom(0x0f);

                        timebuf[14]++;

if(timebuf[14]>57)

                           timebuf[14]=48;

                           display();

                           wrcom(0xc9);

                        }break;

                case 0xc8:{

                        wrcom(0xc8);

                        wrcom(0x0f);

                        timebuf[13]++;

if(timebuf[13]>49)

                           timebuf[13]=48;

                           display();

                           wrcom(0xc8);

                        }break;

           }

       }break;

     case 3:                              //按下dec键

         {

           if(signal==0)

             {

                place--;

                wrcom(place);

                wrcom(0x0e);

                if(place==0xc2)

                   place=0x8c;

                   if(place==0x83)

                   place=0xcd;

             if(place>=0xcd)

                  place=0x83;

             }

           else

              switch(place)

                   {

                      case 0x84:{

                                  wrcom(0x84);

                                  wrcom(0x0f);

                                  timebuf[7]--;

if(timebuf[7]<48)

                                  timebuf[7]=50;

                                  display();

                                  wrcom(0x84);

                                  } break;

                       case 0x85:{

                                   wrcom(0x85);

                                   wrcom(0x0f);

                                   timebuf[6]--;

if(timebuf[7]<50)

                                     {

if(timebuf[6]<48)

                                         timebuf[6]=57;

                                      }

                                    else

                                      {

if(timebuf[6]<48)

                                         timebuf[6]=51;

                                       }     

                                   display();

                                   wrcom(0x85);

                                   } break;

                       case 0x86:break;

                       case 0x87:{

                                    wrcom(0x87);

                                    wrcom(0x0f);

                                    timebuf[4]--;

if(timebuf[4]<48)

                                        timebuf[4]=53;

                                     display();

                                     wrcom(0x87);

                                  }break;

                        case 0x88:{

                                     wrcom(0x88);

                                     wrcom(0x0f);

                                     timebuf[3]--;

if(timebuf[3]<48)

                                        timebuf[3]=57;

                                     display();

                                     wrcom(0x88);

                                   }break;

                       case 0x:break;

                       case 0x8a:{

                                    wrcom(0x8a);

                                    wrcom(0x0f);

                                    timebuf[1]--;

if(timebuf[1]<48)

                                    timebuf[1]=53;

                                    display();

                                    wrcom(0x8a);

                                   }break;

                        case 0x8b:{

                                    wrcom(0x8b);

                                    wrcom(0x0f);

                                    timebuf[0]--;

if(timebuf[0]<48)

                                       timebuf[0]=57;

                                    display();

                                    wrcom(0x8b);

                                   }break;

                        case 0xcc:{

                                     wrcom(0xcc);

                                      wrcom(0x0f);

                                     timebuf[17]--;

if(timebuf[17]<48)

                                      timebuf[17]=57;

                                      display();

                                      wrcom(0xcc);

                                  }break;

                       case 0xcb:{

                                      wrcom(0xcb);

                                      wrcom(0x0f);

                                     timebuf[16]--;

if(timebuf[16]<48)

                                     timebuf[16]=51;

                                      display();

                                      wrcom(0xcb);

                                      }break;

                      case 0xc9:{

                                      wrcom(0xc9);

                                      wrcom(0x0f);

                                      timebuf[14]--;

if(timebuf[14]<48)

                                      timebuf[14]=57;

                                      display();

                                      wrcom(0xc9);

                                       }break;

                        case 0xc8:{

                                      wrcom(0xc8);

                                      wrcom(0x0f);

                                      timebuf[13]--;

if(timebuf[13]<48)

                                      timebuf[13]=49;

                                      display();

                                      wrcom(0xc8);

                                      }break;

                     }

           } break;

      case 4:                       //按quit键保存修改并退出调时状态

           { 

             sec=timebuf[0]-48+(timebuf[1]-48)*10;

             min=timebuf[3]-48+(timebuf[4]-48)*10;

             hour=timebuf[6]-48+(timebuf[7]-48)*10;

             year1=timebuf[9]-48+(timebuf[8]-48)*10;

             year2=timebuf[11]-48+(timebuf[10]-48)*10;

             month=timebuf[14]-48+(timebuf[13]-48)*10;

             day=timebuf[17]-48+(timebuf[16]-48)*10;

             EA=1;

             wrcom(0x0c);

             time=0;

             place=0x83;

           }break;  //按quit键保存修改并退出调时状态

           case 5:

        {          

           temp++;

           if(temp==1)

                naoling1();

            if(temp==2)

                naoling2();    

            if(temp==3)

                naoling3();

            if(temp==4)

               {  amin1=61;

                 ahour1=0;

                 amin2=61;

                 ahour2=0;

                 amin3=61;                                                                                                            

                 ahour3=0;

                 amonth=13;

                 aday=32; 

                 wrcom(0x01);}

                 if(temp==5)

                  {amonth=month;

                 aday=day;

                 temp=0;

                }

        }break;

   }

}

/*********************************************************************

       主函数

**********************************************************************/

void main()

{ P1=0xff;

  sec20=0;

  hour=0;

  min=0;

  sec=1;

  year1=20;

  year2=11;

  month=12;

  day=31;

  amonth=13;

  aday=32;

  TMOD=0x01;

  TL0=0xb0;

  TH0=0x3c;

  TR0=1;

  ET0=1;

  EA=1;

  amin1=61;

  ahour1=0;

  amin2=61;

  ahour2=0;

  amin3=61;                                                                                                            

  ahour3=0;

  temp=0;

  lcdinit();

   delay(15);

   while(1)

    {keywork();}

}

7.实现功能

   基于内部定时器的走时、调时、整点报时（蜂鸣器、LED）、3个闹钟设置，LCD显示时、分、秒、年、月、日、5个按键操作,添加纪念日功能。

8.系统调试

（1）焊接电路板后，用万用表检测线路连接是否正常，工作电压是否正常，及各引脚信号。

（2）LCD与c51的初始化时间不同，会造成短暂的LCD显示异常，在main函数中加入延时程序。

（3）LCD的对比度通过滑动变阻控制LCD工作电压来调节。

（4）若LCD显示为黑色方块，证明软件或硬件有错误，须认真检查修改。

9.总结：

改进功能展望：

  闹铃数量可由函数任意设定，可设定夜间模式，原理图外引出的排针引脚可连接温度检测模块和音乐报时模块，通过单片机处理统一显示在LCD上。

10.参考文献

   1.《例说51单片机》 张义和著 

   2.LCD1602中文资料

   3.百度网站 www.baidu.com