
1, The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning.
1) late:可用作形容词和副词。
<1>、形容词 “迟的,晚的”
Yon are late again,don’t be late next time.你又迟到了,下次别这样。
The train was ten minutes late because of the bad weather.因为天气不好,火车晚点了10钟。
The accident happened in the late afternoon.这事故发生在傍晚(下午五、六点钟)。
late作形容词时还有“前⋯⋯、已故的⋯⋯、最近的、最新的”之意。如:
The film is about the late Premier Zhou Enlai.这部影片是写已故总理周恩来的。
Some late news of the war has just come in.一些最近的战争消息刚到。
这时,late的意思和latest的意思相同。
<2>.用作副词,意为“晚、到很晚”。例如:
The workers in the south often go to work early and leave off late.南下打工仔经常是早上工,晚下班。
work late / far / deep into the night 工作至深夜
adj. 侦探的n. 侦探
<1>. The company hired a detective to investigate the accident.公司雇佣了一名侦探来调查这次事故。
<2>. I could now see what the detective was driving at: he was trying to establish my whereabouts on the night of the crime. 我现在能够明白侦探的意思了:他那时正试图确定案发那天夜晚我的行踪。
<3>. The detective was trying to ascertain exactly who was at the party.
这个侦探试图查明都有谁参加了聚会。
<4>. The detective laid great stress on details.侦探特别强调细节。
<5>. The detective thought the stick was relative to the murder case.
侦探认为这根木棒和谋杀案有牵连。
<6>. The detective tried to reason out how the thief had escaped.
这个侦探反复琢磨想弄明白那个窃贼是怎样逃跑的。
<7>. The detective posed as a mourner at the victim's funeral.
那侦探佯装成吊唁者参加了受害人的葬礼.
<8>. Sherlock Holmes has nothing on you you're a real detective.
福尔摩斯也没有你本事大--你是真的侦探.
3) all
<1>. all修饰名词主语时,可放在主语和行为动词之前,但要放在be动词之后(但是若be动词是句子中的最后一个词时,all要放在be动词之前)。如:
孩子们都学习得很好。
They are all steel workers. 他们都是钢铁工人。
—Are you Young Pioneers? 你们是少先队员吗?
—Yes, we all are. 是的,我们都是少先队员。
<2>. all指“三个(以上)的数目”,反义词是none;
both指“两个数目”,反义词是neither。如:
I我有三个哥哥,他们都是大学生。
He has two sisters. Both of them major in English. 他有两个姐姐,她们都主修英语。
<3>. 不能说“all + 代词”,要说“代词+ all”或“all of + 代词”。如:
误:All they like her.
正:They all like her. /All of them like her.他们都喜欢她。
<4>. “all + 冠词(指示代词或物主代词)”=“冠词(指示代词或物主代词)+ whole”。如:
all the world = the whole world全世界 我的一生
注:all可修饰不可数名词或复数名词,the whole不可直接修饰不可数名词或复数名词,应用the whole of。如:
全上海 所有墨水
他所有的书
<5>. all用于否定句时通常表示部分否定,要表示全部否定可用no,none等。如:
并非我所有的朋友都会游泳。
None of my friends can swim.我所有的朋友都不会游泳。 I don”t know any of them. 他们我都不认识。
<6>. all不能与what连用,可把what改为that。例如:
误:This is all what I want to say.
正:This is all that I want to say. / This is what I want to say. 这就是我要说的全部。
<7>. “all +地名”,表示“全……的人”;“the whole of +地名”表示“全……的地方”。如:
月4日全美国(人民)庆祝纪念日
He has traveled the whole of America.他已经游遍了全美国。
<8>. “all +抽象名词”=“very +形容词”,前者语气更强。如:
Little Amy is all attention. = Little Amy is very attentive. 小埃米非常专心。
He is all kindness to us all. = He is very kind to us all. 他对我们大家非常亲切。
<9>. at all作“完全;根本”解时,多用于否定句;用于条件句时表示“既然;即使”;用于疑问句时,作“到底;在任何程度上”解。如:
If it were not for the sun, we could not live at all. 如果没有太阳,我们根本不能生存。
Have you read any of the article at all? 那篇文章你到底有没有读过一点
2, They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa.
1) expect: <1>. 表示“期待”“期望”,通常为及物动词,不要受汉语影响在其后误加介词for。如:
我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。
误:We should not expect for success overnight. 正:We should not expect success overnight.
<2>. 后接动词时要用不定式,不用动名词。如:
I didn’t expect to find you here. 我没料到在这里碰到你。
若语义需要,其后还可接不定式的复合结构。如:
He expected her to go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。
<3>. 不要认为 expect 只表示“期待”“期望”,它还可表示“预计”“预料”等。如:
I expect a storm. 我预计会有场暴风雨来。
I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。
有时可用于不好的方面。如:
He expects to fail the exam. 他预料无法通过考试。
另外,注意expect a baby这一惯用表达,其意为“怀孕”。如:
It’s public knowledge she’s expecting a baby. 大家都知道她已怀孕了。
<4>. 其后可接 that 从句,若从句谓语为否定,注意否定的转移。如:
I don’t expect that he has done such a thing. 我预料他不会干出这种事来。
在口语中有可表示“想”或“揣想”。如:
I expect you’re tired. 我想你是累了吧。
其后可接 that 从句,但不接疑问词引导的从句,若遇有疑问词,则要使用“疑问词+do you expect…”这样的句式。如:
你想什么时候离开?
误:Do you expect when you will leave?
误:Do you expect when to leave?
正:When do you expect to leave?
<5>. 表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算,通常用过去完成时,但在一定的上下文当中,只要意思清楚,也可只用一般过去时。如:
I had expected to come early, but I missed the early bus. 我本来想早点来的,但未赶上早班车。
We expected him to arrive yesterday. 我们原以为他昨天就会到的。
有时在其后接不定式的完成式,如上面第一句也可改成:
I expected to have come early, but I missed the early bus.
<6>. 有时用于“It+be+过去分词+从句”结构,表示“预计……”。如:
It’s expected that the war would end soon. 预计战争不久即可结束。
It is expected that the report will suggest some major reforms. 预计这个报告会提出一些重大的改革。
2) valuable
valuable只能用来形容物,而不能用来形容人和事,你可以使用以下用法。
be valuable of sth. 什么有价值 值得做什么 值得
3, A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds.
1)过去完成时
<1>:过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense):表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果,用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中,"时"指动作发生的时间,"态"指动作的样子和状态。 它表示动作发生的时间是"过去的过去",侧重事情的结果。
<2>过去完成时常用的时间状语有:
1. by the end of last+时间段. By the end of last term, we had learned 5000 new words.
2. By the time sb. +动词过去式如:The bus had already left by the time I got there.
3.By (the time of) last year ,we had built two bridges
结构:主语+had+动词过去分词
①肯定句:主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.
②否定句:主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他.
③疑问句:Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had. 否定回答:No,主语+hadn't.
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他?
⑤被动语态:主语+had(not) +been+动词过去分词+其他
基本用法
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即"过去的过去"。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。
By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。
如:Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I didn't know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.
我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。
(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
例如:I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。
(5)过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
例如:He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
(6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 如:when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的复合句。
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
如:After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。
(7)动词think, ,hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。
语法区别
与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以now的时间为基点,但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调"过去的过去",只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。
比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English words till the到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
- I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。
- Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。
与一般过去时的区别
1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调"过去的过去";而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2.过去完成时表示过去的过去,不单独使用,一般和一般过去式一起使用。
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
<6>语法判定
由时间状语来判定
一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 昨晚九点我已看完这本小说了。
( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
到上学期末我们已经学了二千多个英语单词。
( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 在上星期三之前,他们已经种了六百棵树了。
由"过去的过去"来判定
过去完成时表示"过去的过去",是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:
( 1 )宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如:
She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她已经看过这部电影了。
( 2 )状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完作业后,他上床睡觉了。
注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如:
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.他关上了门,离开了教室。
(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.我们原本希望你来,但你没有来。
(4)根据上、下文来判定
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing. 我昨天在街上遇见了王滔。自从他去北京,我们都没有见过面。
2) try名词n,动词v.
做名词常用词组: have a try,“试一试”.
做动词的用法有两个:
、try doing sth.尝试做某事(过程不难,强调结果)
eg. Nobody answers the front door. Let's try knocking the back door.
没人应前门,我们试试敲后门.(强调看房子里有没有人这一结果)
、try to do sth.努力尝试做某事(强调努力尝试的过程,成功与否不知)
eg. Let's try to work out this maths problem.
让我们试试解开这道数学题.(强调努力解题这个过程)
3) steal vt.偷; 悄悄地做,悄悄地走; 潜行; 不正当的获得. 可跟双宾语.:
你该给我偷些珠宝或劳力士手表。
其他的:
那个男的说他要从银行那里偷钱。
2.steal sb's sth steal somebody's heart
to make somebody fall in love with you是----爱上某人
4,When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.
1)while
1、while作名词用,表示“一会儿”“一段时间”
She likes to lie down for a while after lunch.
她喜欢午饭后躺一会儿.
2、While作连词
(1)引导时间状语
We must strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁.
While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.
她听着收音机睡着了.
(2)引起让步状语从句,意思是“虽然…但是….”、“尽管…但是…”(多放于句首)1.While he loves his students, he is very strict with them..
虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对他们很严格.
(3)引起条件状语,意思是“只要”
there is life there is hope.只要生命存在,就有希望.
While there is a way there is away.有志者事竟成.
3、While作并列连词用,意思为“而,然而”,表对比.而but表转折.注意用心比较体会while与but的句中用意
Some people waste food while others haven't enough. 有些人很费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱.
The son was having a good meal at home, while the parents were working in the fields.
儿子在家吃好饭而父母却在田里辛勤劳作.
Honey is sweet, but the bee s蜂蜜很甜,但蜜蜂有刺蜇人.
2) main adj.主要的; 最重要的
T这就是我到这儿来的主要目的.
This guidebook points out the main facts of early American history.
这本导游手册讲述了美洲早期的重要史实.
3) arrive为不及物动词,即:不能直接跟宾语,如果需要有宾语,得和at 或 in搭配使用。Has he arrived? 他到了吗?(没有宾语)
He arrived in Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到北京的。
I arrived at the airport very early. 我很早就到了机场。至于arrive后面跟at和in的区别,可以这样记忆:
in 表示到达的地方比较大,如:国家、省、市、镇等
at表示较小的地方,如:村庄、市内的某个地方(机场、商店、广场等)
4) others首先:others可以用other+复数名词来解释.
其次:others后不能够再加名词(这点很重要)
还有一个固定词组:some……others……意思是:一些……另一些…… 如:There are many people on the beach, some are having fun, others are swimming in the ocean
(翻译:有许多人在沙滩上,一些正玩得开心,另一些正在海里游泳)
再告诉你一个词组one…the other…意思是:一个……另一个……
如:I have two pens, one is blue, the other is white(翻译:我有两支钢笔,一支是蓝色的,另一支是白色的)
5, Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.
1) keep guard站岗的意思
2) off:<1>:可用作介词或副词,基本义为“离开”“脱落”“中止”等。如:
I’m afraid I must be off now. 恐怕现在我得走了。
Take off your hat in the house. 在室内请脱帽。
We are off for [to] Paris. 我们要动身去巴黎。He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。
Is the radio on or off? 收音机是开着的还是关着的?
<2>:用来指时间或距离有多远,与 away 同义,有时可换用。如:
The exam is only two weeks off [away]. 考试只两周了。
The school is about two miles off [away]. 学校离这里大约两英里。
<3>:表示休假或不工作,若用作副词,放在名词之后;若用作介词,放在名词之前。如:
I’ll have four days off. 我要休4天假。I’ll take the afternoon off. 我今天下午休息。
Mr Smith is off duty today. 史密斯先生今天不上班。
He practised playing the piano in his off hours. 他在业余时间练习弹钢琴。
6,To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!
1) surprise
<1>、in surprise与to one's surprise的区别
意为“惊奇地”常位于动词之后作状语,表示方式。如:
. 约翰转过身来,惊奇地望着我。
“A farmer?” said the Frenchman in surprise. “农夫?”那个法国人惊奇地说道。
.他吃惊地看着我。
<2>to one's surprise或to the surprise of sb.意为“使某人吃惊的是”、“出乎意料地”,常位于句首,作状语,表示行为的结果。类似的结构有:
to one's joy/delight/pleasure使某人高兴的是 使某人悲伤的是
to one's satisfaction使人满意的是
有时为了强调产生某种情感的程度,可在to后面的名词前加
great, deep等形容词或在to前加副词much。如:
To the surprise of the young couple, they found the necklace missing.
使这对年轻夫妇惊奇的是,他们发现项链不见了。
To their great joy, the sailors saw land at last.水手们终于见到陆地了,他们兴奋不已。
Much to my surprise, she failed in the examination.
使我非常奇怪的是,她考试没及格。
To my surprise, the door was unlocked.使我吃惊的是,门没有锁。
to my surprise = to the surprise of me = much to my surprise
2、take…by surprise的含义
短语动词take…by surprise意为使……吃惊,使……出其不意,对……进行突然袭击等。如:
I took him by surprise and he had no time to think of an excuse.
我(的询问)使他出乎意料,他没有时间想出借口。
She was so taken by surprise at his rudeness that she burst into tears.
她对他的粗鲁行为毫无思想准备,以至突然哭了起来。
The enemy took the town by surprise. 敌军对该城实行突然攻击。
He took her by surprise.She hadn't expected him.他使她大吃一惊,她没有想到他会来。
Their visit took me by surprise.他们的造访使我大吃一惊。
3、be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
表示某种情绪、心情的起因时,常用at…这一介词短语,表示“听到…”或“看到…”而…
We were surprised at his arrival(到达).
The child was frightened at the noise .
The teacher was glad at our progress.
I am surprised at you . 我对你的举动感到诧异。(系表结构)4、be surprised to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶 She was surprised to find her handbag missing.
5、a bit surprised有点吃惊
They were very much surprised at our arrival.
看到我们来了,他们感到非常吃惊。
6、be surprised that + 从句
I was surprised that these houses stay up for such a long time.
7、a surprise attack 奇袭
8、be a great surprise 是件使人惊喜的事,来得突然 The hurricane(飓风) last night had been a great surprise. It was a great surprise to me when I heard the news.
9、a surprising look 一个令人吃惊的表情 一个吃惊的表情
2)precious adj.
<1>. 贵重的,宝贵的,珍贵的
He has sent me most precious gifts.他送给我极为珍贵的礼物。
Time is precious.时间是宝贵的。
<2>. 可爱的,珍爱的,宝贝的
His children are very precious to him.他极疼爱自己的孩子
