Famous Quote
The Constitution only guarantees the American people the right to pursue happiness. You have to catch it yourself.
— Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin (1706 — 1790): One of the Founding Fathers of the United States. As a noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, soldier, and diplomat. He helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists; as a scientist he is remembered particularly for his research in electricity.
Unit Overview
Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Long-term exposure to stress can lead to serious health problems, not only physically but also psychologically. In this unit, students will be introduced to the importance of psychological health and ways to achieve it through listening, watching and reading. Various activities will inspire the students to talk about ways to cope with stress and to be happy by using the words and expressions in this unit. And finally, they will conduct a poll on “Stress on Campus” with their peers.
In this unit, you will
●get to know ways to deal with stress that comes from stressful situations, different life periods and difficult people through listening, watching and reading
●talk about the impact of stress on your physical and especially mental health, and the ways to deal with stress through guided activities
●conduct a poll on “Stress on Campus” with your peers
●pick up useful words and expressions
●learn to reflect on your own learning and comment on that of your peers
●learn to think independently, critically and creatively
Background Information
Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress isn’t always bad. In small doses, it can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best. But when you’re constantly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pay the price.
Stress is a normal physical response to events that make you feel threatened or upset your balance in some way. When you sense danger--- whether it’s real or imagined--- the body’s defenses kick into high gear in a rapid, automatic process known as the “fight-or-flight” reaction, or the stress response.
The stress response is the body’s way of protecting you. When working properly, it helps you stay focused, energetic, and alert. In emergency situations, stress can save your life – giving you extra strength to defend yourself, for example, or spurring you to slam on the brakes to avoid an accident.
The stress response also helps you rise to meet challenges. Stress is what keeps you on your toes during a presentation at work, sharpens your concentration when you’re attempting the game-winning free throw, or drives you to study for an exam when you’d rather be watching TV.
But beyond a certain point, stress stops being helpful and starts causing major damage to your health, your mood, your productivity, your relationships, and your quality of life.
Effects of chronic stress
The body doesn’t distinguish between physical and psychological threats. When you’re stressed over a busy schedule, an argument with a friend, a traffic jam, or a mountain of bills, your body reacts just as strongly as if you were facing a life-or-death situation. If you have a lot of responsibilities and worries, your emergency stress response may be “on” most of the time. The more your body’s stress system is activated, the easier it is to trip and the harder it is to shut off.
Long-term exposure to stress can lead to serious health problems. Chronic stress disrupts nearly every system in your body. It can raise blood pressure, suppress the immune system, increase the risk of heart attack and stroke, contribute to infertility, and speed up the aging process. Long-term stress can even rewire the brain, leaving you more vulnerable to anxiety and depression.
Many health problems are caused or exacerbated by stress, including:
●Pain of any kind
●Heart disease
●Digestive problems
●Sleep problems
●Depression
●Obesity
●Autoimmune diseases
●Skin conditions, such as eczema
Topic Preview
1. Read the passage on Page X and learn useful expressions related to the relationship between healthy mind and healthy body.
2. Log on line and search for information concerning the importance of psychological health and some kinds of psychological health problems.
Lesson One
Lead in
Task 1 Describing the Picture
Teaching Tips
1.This task is designed to prepare students for the topic “stressful situations”.
2.Ask students to describe the picture with their peers.
| 3.Here are some questions for students to discuss: How do the following people look? What may have caused them to look that way? Have you experienced such state of mind? |
Task 2 Reflecting on the Reading
Teaching Tips
1.This task is designed to check students’ understanding of the reading material.
| 2.Ask students to answer the following questions. |
1.How differently did the remaining Bell Labs executives perform according to the study conducted by Dr Salvatore Maddi and his team?
Answer: One group of them developed severe performance problems and health issues over the next few years; the other group remained healthy, enthusiastic and performed well at work.
2．What does the case of Smitha, the airhostess, tell us?
Answer: It is possible to learn these attitudes of dealing with stress.
3.What did the study conducted by Drs Dacher Keltner and LeeAnne Harker reveal?
Answer: A happy disposition is one of the better predictors of health.
4.Why did the author say “In our busy world, we need to make time and demonstrate love and affection to our children”?
Answer: Studies show that children need this to grow happily and healthily.
5.What did Writer William Helmreich deem an important factor in the thousands of Jews’ building a good life after they had survived the German death and torture factories and moved to America?
Answer: To find meaning in their experience and “interpret their survival in a way to give meaning to the rest of their lives.”
Task 3 Expanding Your Vocabulary
Teaching Tips
1.This task is designed to enlarge students’ vocabulary and improve their ability to explain words in English.
| 2.Ask students to match the words with the correct meaning and memorize the English explanations. |
| 1. expert | A. | the degree to which a thing extends |
| 2. active | B. | a person with special knowledge, skill or training in sth. |
| 3. involved | C. | being part of sth. or connected with sth. |
| 4. constantly | D. | unwillingly |
| 5. extent | E. | all the time; repeatedly |
| 6. reluctantly | F. | always busy doing things, especially physical activities |
Audio Studio
Word Bank
1. contagious
2. obscure
3. protective
4. content
5. reveal
6. coronary
| 7. clinical | adj. adj. adj. adj. v. adj. adj. | spreading easily from one person to another 感染的 not easily or clearly seen or understood; indistinct; hidden 不分明的 that protects or is intended to protect保护的 satisfied with what one has; not wanting more; happy 满足的 make (fact, etc.) known 使（事实等）显露出来 of the arteries supplying blood to the heart 冠状动脉的 of or relating to the examination and treatment of patients and their illness 临床的 |
Teaching Tips
1.This task is designed to train students to understand the general idea of the audio clip.
2.Ask students to go over the questions and make their choices quickly.
3.Tell them not to worry about individual words but to focus on understanding the whole passage.
| 4.Play the audio clip and ask students to make the correct choices. |
1.What’s the topic of this audio clip?
A) Symptoms of heart disease
B) A new report from Dr. Davidson
C) Dr. Davidson and her report
2.Which is NOT true about happiness?
A) It may lead to more chance of heart attack.
B) Happiness is contagious.
C) Happiness can keep you healthy..
Task 2 Checking the Facts
Teaching Tips
1.This task is designed to train students to focus on important details and useful sentence structures.
2.Play the audio clip again and ask students to answer the questions.
| 3.Allow students some time to finish this task, and then check their answers. |
1.Who is Dr. Davidson?
Answer: A New York researcher.
2.How long does Dr. Davidson’s research last?
Answer: 10 years.
3.What does her study imply?
Answer: Remaining happy may help prevent heart disease.
Script
It is said that happiness is contagious. The supporting evidence is everywhere: from the streets of Rio during Carnival to more obscure celebrations elsewhere in the world. But long-term happiness may also be healthy. New York researcher Dr.Karina Davidson certainly thinks so.
Dr. Davidson is a lead researcher in a 10-year study of more than 1,700 healthy men and women. The study revealed that people who are happy and content with their lives are 22% less likely than unhappy people to have a heart attack or suffer from symptoms of heart disease.
Maintaining happy is surely protective of your mental health and this observational study is one of the first studies to show it may also protect your physical health. It is the first to show an independent relationship between positive emotions and coronary heart disease. But Dr. Davidson stresses that more work and clinical trials are needed before any treatment recommendations can be made. She says, though, that the study is the first step in providing doctors better insight about how to interact with their patients. The study may eventually shift healthcare providers to thinking about how they can help patients make sure that the things that make them happy stay in their routine.
| Heart disease is the leading killer of men and women in most industrialized countries. Dr. Davidson says she hopes her report will shine a light on a new approach for prevention. |
http://forum.putclub.com/viewthread.php?tid=228119&extra=page%3D1
Video Studio
Word Bank
| 1. | be gaga over | be crazy about 对……着迷 | |
| 2. | be on | be on air 上节目 | |
| 3. | counteract | v. | oppose and mitigate the effects of by contrary actions 消解 |
| 5. | adrenalin | n. | 肾上腺素 |
| 6. | apathetic | adj. | showing little or no emotion or animation 冷淡的 |
| 7. | in knots | nervous, strained 紧张的 | |
| 8. | cumulative | adj. | increasing by successive addition, accumulative 累积的 |
| 9. | sleep in | sleep later than usual or customary, sleep late 睡懒觉 | |
| 10. | beat | adj. | very tired 非常疲惫的 |
| 11. | hamper | v. | prevent the progress or free movement of 防碍 |
| 12. | cortisol | n. | 皮质(甾)醇 |
| 13. | tax | v. | make heavy demands on (sth.), strain 造成(某事物)的重负 |
Teaching Tips
1.This task is designed to train students to identify key information and familiarize them with useful expressions.
2.Allow students some time to complete the statements with the given phrases.
3.Pair up students. Have them discuss the answers and predict the topic of the video clip.
| 4.Play the video clip and check the answers. |
| fight off | pump out | break up |
| lead to | in knots | sleep in |
2.That’s why a lot of people, they want to sleep in on the weekends or on Friday nights.
3.…so everything all your body’s resources are being taken to focus on dealing with the stress instead of fighting off the cold.
4.Yea, I mean when you’re stressed, your body is pumping out more chemicals and hormones like cortisol and…
5.It does. Well, it’s like laughing. It’s something physical that sort of like breaks up the hormones that are going through your body.
Task 2 Bridging the Gap
Teaching Tips
1.This task is designed to train students to take down key information through viewing.
2.Before playing the video clip again, ask students to fill in the blanks from memory.
3.Play the video clip. Ask students to focus on the key information.
| 4.Allow students enough time to take down notes. |
| Example situations | Ways that help to stress less |
| Having to give a presentation to your boss, or walk in and ask for a raise | 1)Take some deep breaths; 2)focus on your heart beating fast; even imagine butterflies flying, and flying in formation. |
| Being stressed for a long time | Act like you have a cold, treat yourself like you are sick; 1)take relaxation seriously; 2)make sure you get enough sleep. |
| When stress is making you physically ill, making you achy | Straighten up, drop the shoulders, breathe deeply and make sure your posture is good. |
| When stressed by heavy traffic | Yelling or screaming helps. |
| When Amy is interviewed in this program | Sit up straight, take deep breaths, laugh. |
Teaching Tips
1.This task is designed to train students to grasp important information.
2.Ask students to read the statements quickly and prepare for the listening.
3.Play the video clip again. Ask students to focus on the key information.
| 4.Allow students enough time to make corrections. |
1. Stress makes people nervous, so all stress is not helpful at all.
Correction: Some stress called EU-stress helps people focus.
2.In stressful situations, people should not pay attention to their heart beating fast.
Correction: In some stressful situations, people can even focus on their heart beating fast.
3.Stress would go away all by itself.
Correction: Stress is cumulative.
4. Drinking helps people to deal with the week-long stress effect on them.
Correction: Drinking actually can worsen the body’s reaction.
5. Amy admits she is stressed at the end of the show.
Correction: Amy claims that she is not stressed and that she feels ok.
Script
How to Stress Less
Hostess: Welcome back to Today’s Woman, and a lesson in how to stress less. Feeling overwhelmed? That’s no surprise when you’ve got bills to pay and mouths to feed, let alone one hundred other little things on your to-do list.
Host, Jason Breezley: But not all stress is bad stress. Amy Brightfield, the health editor for Woman’s Day Magazine is here to explain.
Hostess: We should point out Amy’s a little stressed because she’s all gaga over this one.
Amy Brightfield: I…I …Yes, yes, it’s a … it’s a… stress is a physical response you have to a stressful situation. That can be good stress. This is good stress. (Is there good stress?) I want to be stressed about being on with Jason Breezley….
Jason Breezley: And how would you relieve that stress? You would take some deep breaths?
Amy Brightfield: Take some deep breaths and ’cause that actually counteracts the physical response, and actually laugh like we’re doing. Laughing actually physically counteracts the response you’re having.
Hostess and Jason Breezley: Nice to hear it.
Hostess: But there are some situations, though, that are really stressful. For instance, you have to give a presentation to your boss, you have to, wanna walk in and ask for a raise, you wanna… those kind of things are tough. How do you manage that sort of work stress?
Amy Brightfield: Well, actually, that’s when stress can help you because, they call it EU-stress actually, which is good stress. It means EU-stress and it actually helps you focus, so you would have adrenalin going, it actually helps focus better when you’re gonna make that presentation, so that’s the situation when you take some deep breaths. And before you go in, maybe even focus on your heart beating fast or even imagine the butterflies like, flying like in formation before you go in and make the presentation.
Hostess: You know what is funny? I’m the least stressed when I feel almost apathetic. Like it’s almost like when you are so ... ’cause once when I was looking for a job, one point I got rejected so many times, I didn’t care. And then the last guy hired me, because, you know, when you’re kind of over it, you’re no longer in knots. (right, right) Is stress somewhat cumulative? Like, let’s say, Jason has a stressful day today, which … (the other two laughing) and then tomorrow, does it b…lead into tomorrow, or does it sort of go away?
Amy Brightfield: It is. It is. It is kind of like when you have long term stress, you should act like you have a cold, you should treat yourself like you are sick. Because it is cumulative. Because it’s a physical response. It taxes your body, so you have to take relaxation seriously, you have to make sure you get enough sleep. So it definitely is cumulative. That’s why a lot of people, they want to sleep in on the weekends or on Friday nights. I know my husband is always just beat on Friday night, because it is out of the stress and going and going has caught up with him. And finally you’ve taken a moment to stop and you realize the effect that it’s having on you physically.
Jason Breezley: Is it why people drink so much on the weekends?
Amy Brightfield: Well, actually, that’s probably a bad thing to do because actually drinking can worsen your body’s reaction. Yea, I mean, one drink is ok, but a lot of alcohol really hampers your body’s ability to deal with the stress response that you’re having.
Hostess: ’cause… and you know also stress can make you physically ill, ’cause I have friends, I mean, who, you, they always have colds and are sick, and that can be… it’s a direct …that can be a direct result of stress.
Amy Brightfield: Yea, I mean when you’re stressed, your body is pumping out more chemicals and hormones like cortisol and so everything all your body’s resources are being taken to focus on dealing with the stress instead of fighting off the cold, and also makes you achy, like if you notice, when you get stressed, your shoulders are like this, so a good tip is to sort of straighten up, drop the shoulders, breathe and make sure your posture’s really good.
Hostess: If you are in traffic and you are really stressed ’cause you are supposed to be somewhere, and you scream. Pretend. Ok, or you just yell. Does that really relieve any stress?
Amy Brightfield: It does. Well, it’s like laughing. It’s something physical that sort of like breaks up the hormones that are going through your body.
Hostess: Are you stressed, Amy, now?
Amy Brightfield: No. I feel ok. I’m breathing, I’m sitting up straight. I’m laughing.
Hostess: Amy, thank you.
Jason Breezley: Amy, come over here and give me a hug.
Hostess: Give him a hug. Oh. Isn’t that the cutest thing ever?
Amy Brightfield: Oh my gosh.
| Hostess: She is all red. Now look at her, she is red. Her neck is red. She is all red…. |
http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/3041426/
Speaking Workshop
Teaching Tips
1.This section is designed to draw students’ attention to useful expressions and structures in this lesson.
| 2.Encourage students to use these expressions and structures in the following speaking activities. |
1.be stressed out
2.feel overwhelmed
| 3.in knots | 4.sleep in 5.counteract the effect 6.lead into tomorrow |
Teaching Tips
1.This speaking activity is designed to train students to summarize.
2.Ask students to summarize the audio and video clips.
3.Ask students to work in pairs and allow them some time to prepare an oral presentation with the help of the given tips.
4.Allow students some time to discuss with their peers.
| 5.Select some of the pairs to present their summaries. |
Tips
✧There is one more reason to remain happy:
✧… not all stress is bad stress
✧… to deal with some stressful situations…
✧… help because …
✧… also help to
✧… it is also very important to…
✧… stress is cumulative…
| ✧…make sure that… |
There is one more reason to remain happy: a 10-year observational study shows it may also protect people’s physical health. Modern life can always be very overwhelming, but not all stress is bad stress. There can be good stress which is called EU-stress which helps people to focus.
To deal with some stressful situations, taking deep breaths, laughing, even yelling or screaming helps to relieve some stress because these responses physically counteract the stress by breaking up the hormone. Focusing on the heart beating fast or even imagining butterflies flying in formation also helps to relieve the stress. It is also very important to keep a good posture in a stressful situation.
| Stress is cumulative and long-term stress would make people physically ill, so people experiencing long-term stress should take relaxation seriously and make sure they get enough sleep. Drinking, however, for purpose of relaxation is a wrong choice. |
Teaching Tips
1.This speaking activity is designed to encourage students to think creatively about how to solve real life problems with the knowledge they have acquired in this lesson.
2.Ask students to form groups of four or five and assign them different roles.
3.Encourage students to use as many phrases from the “Expressions & Structures to Use” box as possible in their role play.
| 4.Monitor the process and provide appropriate assistance when necessary. |
Situation
1.Work in groups of four. Suppose the four students are chatting about next week’s work load. One of you is going to have a very stressful week and is very much in knots. He/she turns to the rest of you for effective advice on how to deal with the stressful situations.
2.You have 15 minutes to discuss within your own group.
3.Several groups will be selected to present their role plays. The rest of the class will vote for the one they feel happiest to support in each group’s performance.
Alternative Situation
1.Work in groups of four. Suppose the four students are experts at the National Stress Management Association. You are invited by a big company to give a speech to the staff on the necessity and ways to manage work stress.
2.Allow the groups 15 minutes to produce their leaflets.
| 3.Select two groups to report their speech. The rest of the class will vote for the one they feel happiest to support. |
Work on the following real-life project with your group members and present your report in the next class.
Real-Life Project
Work in a group of six to eight. As a workgroup from the TV program Mental Health Today, you are assigned to present a program on “Stress on Campus”. Design a questionnaire which can gather the information concerning the stress the college students are experiencing and how they react to the stress. Ask students in your university to fill in the questionnaires. Summarize and analyze the answers. Then present in the next class a program which includes the results of the survey and suggestions of effective treatment for stress.
Lesson Two
Lead in
Task 1 Brainstorming
Teaching Tips
1.This task is designed to arouse students’ interest in this lesson.
2.Ask students to work in groups and fill in the table.
| 3.Encourage students to share their opinions and argue with each other when disagreements occur. |
| In career life | In family life |
Teaching Tips
1.This task is designed to enlarge students’ vocabulary and improve their ability to explain words in English.
| 2.Ask students to match the words with the correct meaning and memorize the English explanations. |
| 1. | interact | A. | declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of |
| 2. | preoccupied | B. | act together or towards others or with others |
| 3. | deception | C. | having abnormal and excessive love or admiration for oneself |
| 4. | patronizing | D. | the act of causing someone to believe a false statement |
| 5. | narcissistic | E. | having or showing excessive or compulsive concern with sth. |
| 6. | acknowledge | F. | (of behavior or attitude) characteristic of those who treat others as an inferior |
Audio Studio
Word Bank
| 1. trigger | v. | be the cause of a sudden (often violent reaction; set an action or process in motion) 引发 |
| 2. exclusively | adv. | not including sb./sth. ; not counting sb. 排他的 |
| 3. compliments | n. | praises 赞扬 |
| 4. refrain | v. | keep oneself from doing sth. 克制 |
| 5. obsessive compulsive disorder | 强迫症 |
Teaching Tips
1.This task is designed to train students to understand the general idea of the audio clip.
2.Ask students to go over the questions and make their choices quickly.
3.Tell them not to worry about individual words but to focus on understanding the whole passage.
| 4.Play the audio clip and ask students to make the correct choices. |
1.Which of the following sentences can serve as the summary of the clip?
A) Everyone knows someone who is difficult to be around.
B) Some people could have a personality disorder.
C) There are simple ways to deal with some behaviors.
2.How many kinds of people have been talked about?
A) Three.
B) Four.
C) Five.
Task 2 Bridging the Gap
Teaching Tips
1.This task is designed to train students to focus on key information or useful expressions in the audio clip and lay a solid foundation for note-taking skills in the future.
2.Before playing the audio clip again, ask students to fill in the blanks from memory.
3.Play the audio clip. Ask students to focus on the detailed information.
| 4.Allow students enough time to fill in the blanks. |
1.A person with a paranoid personality is someone who is very much preoccupied with the loyalty of other people.
2.The solution: stick to conversation topics that are safe and not too personal, avoid any signs of criticisms or attack and refrain from using language that is patronizing.
3.A narcissistic person really believes that she is better than you essentially and that “because I’m another person I’m better than you, I’m entitled to expect you to do things for me; I’m entitled to be focused exclusively on my own needs and kind of disregard yours.”
4.So how do you deal with those ego maniacs? Don’t be defensive with this person. It could trigger a fight and try to make you an important part of his or her world in order to keep up the relationship.
5.People with obsessive compulsive disorder can make others jumpy. Try acknowledging their hard work with compliments. Compromise with them when possible and also avoid conflict.
Script
Everyone knows someone who is difficult to be around. It is very difficult to put up with them. The bad news is often times you are forced to interact with these people on a daily basis and they could have a personality disorder but the good news is there are simple ways you can learn to deal with their behaviors.
A person with a paranoid personality is someone who is very much preoccupied with the loyalty of other people. It is a person who constantly scans the environment and other people looking for possible indications or signs of some sort of deception.
The solution: stick to conversation topics that are safe and not too personal, avoid any signs of criticisms or attack and refrain from using language that is patronizing.
A narcissistic person really believes that she is better than you essentially and that “because I’m another person I’m better than you, I’m entitled to expect you to do things for me; I’m entitled to be focused exclusively on my own needs and kind of disregard yours.”
So how do you deal with those people? Don’t be defensive with this person. It could trigger a fight and try to make you an important part of his or her world in order to keep up the relationship.
People with obsessive compulsive disorder can make others jumpy. Try acknowledging their hard work with compliments. Compromise with them when possible and also avoid conflict.
| We all have a little bit of these personalities in ourselves so treat others as you would like to be treated. |
http://forum.putclub.com/viewthread.php?tid=179775&extra=page%3D1
Video Studio
Word Bank
| 1. | ups and downs | alternate good and bad luck 幸运与不幸的交替 | |
| 2. | blues | n. | a state of depression 忧郁的情绪 |
| 3. | combat | v. | fight or struggle against 与 （某人/某物）战斗 |
| 4. | intense | adj. | (of sensation) very great or severe; extreme （感觉）强烈的 |
| 5. | gear up | make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc.增速传动 | |
| 6. | feel-good chemical | chemical that makes you feel good 让人心情变好的元素 | |
| 7. | boost | v. | increase the strength or value of (sth.); help or encourage (sb./sth.) 增强 |
| 8. | PMS | premenstrual syndrome, a syndrome that occurs in many women from 2 to 14 days before the onset of menstruation 经前综合症 | |
| 9. | delegate | v. | choose sb. to carry out (duties, a task, etc.) 委派某人执行（职责、任务等） |
| 10. | serotonin | n. | a neurotransmitter involved in e.g. sleep and depression and memory血清素 |
| 11. | raging | adj. | characterized by violent and forceful activity or movement; very intense非凡的 |
| 12. | elevate | v. | lift sth./sb. up; raise sth./sb. to a higher place or rank 提升 |
| 13. | bloating | n. | being swollen with fat, gas or liquid 肿胀的 |
| 14. | rule of thumb | rough practical method of assessing or measuring sth., usu. based on past experience rather than on exact measurement, etc. (and therefore not completely reliable in every case or in every detail) （对事物）粗略但实用的估计方法（通常指凭经验而不作精确的计量等，故并非时时处处均可靠） | |
| 15. | drag | v. | move slowly and with effort 拖拖拉拉 |
| 16. | spouse | n. | husband or wife 配偶 |
| 17. | prioritize | v. | assign a priority to 优先 |
| 18. | get into a rut | start leading a routine existence 开始过刻板的生活 |
Teaching Tips
1. This task is designed to train students to identify key information and familiarize them with useful expressions.
2. Allow students some time to complete the statements with the given phrases.
3. Pair up students. Have them discuss the answers and predict the topic of the video clip.
| 4. Play the video clip and check the answers. |
| gear up | trigger off | pick out |
| lead to | rule of thumb | ups and downs |
2.Well, that’s a time of intense stress, because a lot of people are really gearing up their careers, so they’re working very hard, …
3.A good rule of thumb is if you actually look forward to it, say yes, but if you’re kind of dragging it, that’s the time to say no, …
4.Women, mothers especially think, “I’m the only one to pick out my kid’s dress.”
5.It is good for sleep problems, because that can also lead to depression as well.
Task 2 Checking Your Comprehension
Teaching Tips
1.This task is designed to train students to grasp important information.
2.Before playing the video clip again, ask students to answer the following questions from memory.
3.Play the video clip. Ask students to focus on the key information.
| 4.Allow students enough time to answer the following questions. |
1.Why are there different ways to combat depression at different ages?
Answer: Because at different stages of life, people are dealing with different stresses.
2.What are the triggers of the depression in the 30s?
Answer: Working very hard and raising young children or getting pregnant.
3.Why is saying yes a default especially of women?
Answer: Because women are trained to be sort of pleasing.
4.What are some of the issues the 40s have to face?
Answer: Being the sandwich generation and their raging hormones level.
5.Why are the 40s called the Sandwich Generation?
Answer: Because they not only have to care for their kids but take care of aging parents.
Task 3 Bridging the Gap
Teaching Tips
1. This task is designed to train students to take down key information through viewing.
2. Before playing the video clip again, ask students to fill in the blanks from memory.
3. Play the video clip. Ask students to focus on the key information.
| 4. Allow students enough time to take down notes. |
| Age | The thing to pay most attention to | Other ways to combat depression |
| 30s | Watch your diet Include one portion of chicken, turkey, salmon, nuts everyday because these foods are a great way to elevate your mood Avoid sugar because it depresses your mood after giving you a rush. | Do exercise |
| Learn to say no: remember that you cannot please every person | ||
| Choose what to do: if you look forward to it, say yes, if you ’re kind of dragging it, say no. | ||
| Delegate: don’t think I’m the only person who can do everything | ||
| Have your spouse do massage to you | ||
| 40s | Do extra activities with your spouse because the relationship with your spouse won’t thrive on its own. | Do cardio exercise at least 20 minutes 3 times a week; it’s very good for sleep problems |
| Take some time to yourself; it could help yourself regroup and recenter yourself. |
Al: This morning in Today’s Health: beating back the blues. Life is of course filled with ups and downs, but before you let a bad mood turn you stressed and depressed, there’re some things you can do everyday to be happy at any age. Doctor Roshini Raj is the medical editor of Health Magazine and is a Today Contributor. Doctor Raj, good to see you again.
Doctor Roshini: Nice to see you, Al.
Al: So, wh.. Now, is it… are there actually different things that trigger off the blues and depression depending on your age?
Doctor Roshini: Sure, because at different ages, we are going through different stages of our life, we’re dealing with different stresses and there’re different ways you can combat it at every age.
Al: Ok. So let’s start with the 30s. Wha…Wha…Wha…What are the triggers that get us going and and,and wha…what.. what can you do to combat that?
Doctor Roshini: Well, that’s a time of intense stress, because a lot of people are really gearing up their careers, so they’re working very hard, you know, women are often raising young children at this time or getting pregnant, and these can be very stressful times. So it can be very overwhelming but there are definitely some things you can do and the first thing to look at is actually your diet. There are actually some foods that have some feel-good chemicals. Tryptophan is one that can boost serotonin in your brain and really raise your mood. So chicken, turkey, salmon, nuts, oh, one portion every day would be a great way to elevate your mood.
Al: Kinda like clean proteins.
Doctor Roshini: Exactly.
Al: Now, are there any foods you should avoid that may trigger problems?
Well, actually, sugars are things you may wanna avoid because it does give you that rush but pretty soon afterwards you got low blood sugar crash, and that can really depress your mood.
Al: and then for PMS. What are some of the things you…
Doctor Roshini: So PMS is one thing where a lot of women suffer a lot during their 30s because that’s when your hormone levels are really cr…raging and there’re definitely things in your diet to avoid there, so salty foods you should avoid, it can lead to a lot of bloating. And you know, exercise is also great for PMS.
Al: Wha…what… what are some of the stresses of building your career and raising a family?
Doctor Roshini: So, we all are, you know, undergoing a lot of stress, men and women in the thirties, but one thing you really have to learn to do is say “no”. You know you can’t always please everyone. As women…
Al: That’s my... that’s my default: no, no.
Doctor Roshini: Exactly, no, really. Because for most women, their default is yes. We are trained to sort of be pleasing. You have to choose what you’re gonna do. A good rule of thumb is if you actually look forward to it, say yes, but if you’re kind of dragging it, that’s the time to say no, and delegate. You’re not the only person who can do everything. Women, mothers especially think, “I’m the only one who can pick out my kid’s dress”. You know what? Your husband can do it. It might not be the perfect dress, but it is a dress.
Al: But as long as you’re clothed, that’s all that matters.
Doctor Roshini: Exactly.
Al: You say get a massage, too.
Doctor Roshini: This is great actually for pregnant women, or women with young children. This is a time when you’re really not pampering yourself and getting a massage, and I even don’t mean going out spending 100 dollars, but have your partner do it. It is a great way to reconnect, have some intimacy which is also often lost in the, you know, having a new born kid phase.
Al: All right, now, let’s move into the 40s. Now, what are some of the issues we’re gonna be facing?
Doctor Roshini: Well, in the 40s again, you are dealing with a lot of problems with stress and, you know, your hormones are raging again. You wanna really exercise, you know, at least 20 minutes 3 times a week, it is very good for your sleep.
Al: Do cardio.
Doctor Roshini: Cardio exercise, exactly. It is good for sleep problems, because that can also lead to depression as well.
Al: And when we hit our 40s, there’re a lot of women and men, but women too, are not only caring for their kids who are moving into their preteens but they’re caring for aging parents.
Doctor Roshini: Right. So we call this the sandwich generation. Because you’re caring for your parents who may not be able to take care of themselves and you’re also dealing with your children. It is very important in this time to take some time to yourself. Some alone time. Even if it means getting up half an hour earlier, taking an extra long shower or going for a walk. It can really help you regroup and re-center yourself.
Al: When you’re in your 40s and, you know, you’ve got issues not only with your kids, you’ve got your parents, but you also have your spouse. Er, what are some of the issues you can deal with there?
| Doctor Roshini: Well, I think it is very important to focus on your relationship. It is very easy at this point, you’re sort of getting into a rut, you do the same old routine. Make a date night, do some extra activities with your spouse and prioritize them, because if you don’t take care of that relationship, it’s not gonna just thrive on its own. |
http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/261841/vp/35707410#35707410
Speaking Workshop
Teaching Tips
1.This section is designed to draw students’ attention to useful expressions and structures in this lesson.
| 2.Encourage students to use these expressions and structures in the following speaking activities. |
1.trigger off
2.deal with
3.watch diet
4.elevate mood
| 5.ups and downs | 6.combat depression 7.sandwich generation 8.do cardio exercise 9.rule of thumb 10.take some time alone |
Teaching tips
1.This speaking activity is designed to train students to summarize.
2.Ask students to summarize the video clip and prepare an oral presentation with the help of the given tips.
3.Allow students some time to discuss with their peers.
| 4.Select some of the pairs to present their summary. |
Tips
✧At different ages, people are facing… However, there are ways …
✧People in their 30s are experiencing a very stressful time because …
✧To combat the possible blues, Dr. Roshini…
✧People in the 40s are called sandwich generation because…
| ✧Dr. Roshini suggests… |
Summary
| At different ages, people are facing different life situations that can trigger off the blues. However, there are ways to combat the stresses and be happy at any age. People in their 30s are experiencing a very stressful time because they have to work very hard and raise young children or get pregnant. To combat the possible blues, Dr. Roshini suggests that they should watch their diet, learn to say no, and do exercise. People in the 40s are called sandwich generation because they not only have to care for their kids but take care of aging parents. Besides, they also have to deal with the relationship with their spouse. Dr. Roshini suggests that they should do some extra activities with their spouse and prioritize them, do cardio exercise and take some alone time. |
Teaching Tips
1.This speaking activity is designed to stimulate students to think independently, critically and creatively.
2.Students need to be informed before class of the motion of the debate, and allocated their roles in the debate, so that they have time to prepare.
3.One student should act as timekeeper and ring a bell if a speaker exceeds 30 seconds.
4.Divide the class into three groups. Group 1 proposes the motion, group 2 opposes it and the remainder act as judges. Each student proposing and opposing the motion has 30 seconds to speak. Each may speak only once.
5.As soon as the first speaker from the proposition has finished, the first student to stand and offer a point from the opposition should speak. As soon as he/she has finished, another student on the proposition side should speak, and so on until all debaters have spoken or the time allowed for this activity is used up.
6.At the end of the activity, the student judges will deliver a judgment on who has won. One representative of the judges should justify their decision.
7.Encourage students to brainstorm some useful arguments before carrying out the debate.
8.Encourage students to use as many useful phrases in the “Expressions and Structures to Use” box as possible.
| 9.Monitor the process and make comments on the whole class’s performance at the end. |
~ Mark Twain
Read through the Pros and Cons of the motion provided in the box, and develop your own arguments. During the debate, you are expected to justify yourself, challenge the opposite view and respond to your opponents properly and skillfully.
| Useful Arguments | |
| Pros: ✓Happiness is contagious. Happiness can always be found in other people’s happiness. ✓Happiness held is the seed; happiness shared is the flower. ~ unknown author ✓Making others happy gives you a sense of achievement which makes you happy. ✓… | Cons: ✓The best way to cheer yourself up is to solve the problem you are having. ✓To be happy you need to take some time for yourself, especially in modern time when life is already too stressful. ✓You can’t please everyone. ✓… |
Teamwork show
Task 1 Team Review
In each group, discuss with each other how you designed and researched your project and reflect on what you have learnt in the process. You should consider the areas of similarities and differences that arose in your group.
| Areas of similarities and differences within the group | |
| Similarities | Differences |
Present your project to the class and hand in your report. Include in your comments to the class reflections on the areas of similarities and differences within your group as established in Task 1 above.
Task 3 Challenging & Defending
After each group’s presentation, other students in the class should raise questions and make suggestions. Members of the group should respond when challenged.
Home Listening
Teaching Tips
1.This section is designed to reinforce students’ understanding of this topic and give them further practice at listening.
| 2.Ask students to finish the Home Listening task after class and check the answers on their own. |
It’s common sense that if you are extremely unhappy in your job, and you come home and dump on your spouse about it every day, it could start to wear on the relationship.
So is the opposite true, then? 1) If you’re happy in your job, can your marriage actually improve? According to long-term research conducted by The Love Doctor Terri Orbuch, the answer is “yes”.
Orbuch, who is author of “5 Simple Steps to Take Your Marriage from Good to Great,” has been following and observing hundreds of married couples for nearly a quarter century in order to find out what makes marriages happy, strong and long lasting. She has found that there is a definite positive spillover 2) from work to marriage.
Here are her four suggestions on putting this into practice:
Suggestion 1: 3) Seek support and help from your spouse. If you’re having a problem at work, solicit advice from your spouse. Research shows that the need for assistance is one of the three basic needs of all people in relationships (intimacy and reassurance of one’s value are the other two). Seeking solutions to work-related problems together strengthens the marital bond and feeling that “we’re in this together.” Moreover, because your spouse knows you so well, he or she is likely to come up with valuable insights and feedback.
Suggestion 2: 4) “Grow” in your job. A recent large-scale study in Harvard Business Review found that the No. 1 factor 5) that keeps employees happy and motivated in their jobs is “making progress.” Workers who are fulfilled and stimulated during the workday tend to be happier individuals, and much of that happiness gets transferred to their spouse at the end of the day.
Suggestion 3: 6) Practice behaviors that relieve stress. Numerous studies have documented a link between workplace stress and poor health. The two most common workplace stressors are 7) feeling as if you haven’t been heard or supported, and 8) negative interpersonal work relationships. Find ways to express your needs, ask for assistance and manage conflicts at your job. Good health is sexy and attractive to a spouse, and so is an upbeat attitude.
Suggestion 4: 9) Share your work life. Orbuch’s study found that the happiest marriages are ones in which partners feel their spouse regularly discloses information about his or her life, even details from work that might be deemed “boring.” The bonus: 10) Work life becomes interwoven with home life, promoting a satisfying feeling of work-life balance, which makes you happier overall.
Source
http://www.dailybreeze.com/businesscolumnists/ci_14697210
Appendix A Supplementary Reading
Unit 6 Psychological Health
Useful Expressions
1.holistic recipes
2.be committed to
3.inner sense
4.odd timing
5.time zone
6.enroll in
7.a batch of
8.duodenal ulcer
9.coronary artery
10.the Holocaust
| 11.bear out | directions emphasizing the organic or functional relation between parts and the whole 整体疗法 bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude 决心做某事 sense in one’s heart内在感觉 unusual arrangement of the time sth. happens or occurs不固定的时间安排 any of the 24 regions of the globe (loosely divided by longitude) throughout which the same standard time is used 时区 become a member of (an organization or sth.) 报名 a collection of things or persons to be handled together 一批 十二指肠溃疡 冠状动脉 the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler 大 support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm 证实 |
by Dayal Mirchandani
One of the earliest studies that identified the characteristics of people who thrive1 on stress was in 1981 when, over the period of one year, Bell Labs downsized2 to nearly half its size. Dr Salvatore Maddi and his team studied the remaining executives3, two-thirds of whom developed severe performance problems and health issues such as heart attacks, stroke4, hypertension5 and depression over the next few years. There was a small group, however, that “thrived” despite the upheaval6. They remained healthy, enthusiastic and performed well at work. What differentiated7 these two groups was their attitude. The healthy group had an inner sense of control and viewed the changes as a challenge. They were committed to mastering their work.
It is possible to learn these attitudes, as in the case of Smitha, an airhostess8 who experienced chronic fatigue and stress. The demands of looking after two children, a home, odd work timings and flights across international time zones left her too fatigued to enjoy her children. She enrolled in the Behavioural Science Foundation’s psychological resilience9 training program, and was surprised to find that within a few weeks she felt less stressed, more energetic. Her backache inexplicably10 disappeared. It had not responded to months of exercise, physiotherapy11 and painkillers.
As far as health is concerned, recent research shows that a happy disposition12 (not positive thinking), is one of the better predictors of health. Drs Dacher Keltner and LeeAnne Harker of the University of California at Berkeley studied the graduation photographs of the 1960 batch of a group of college students. Trained investigators used their smile as a guide and separated them into two groups: those that had a radiant13 smile (about half) and those with a perfunctory14 smile (those who did not smile at all were not included in the study). Follow up at age 52 revealed that women with the radiant smile were much more likely to be happily married with fewer divorces and to have a greater sense of well-being and health.
Dr Dean Ornish has written a lot about the role of love and intimacy in preventing and healing heart disease. Research shows that people who have close relationships with many people are less likely to develop a heart attack. Loving connections are so crucial that having a dog reduces the risk of dying from a second heart attack by half in the year after a heart attack. The most telling15 findings about the importance of love and caring come from the Harvard Mastery of Stress study done in the 1950s on a group of undergraduate men at the university. A 35-year follow-up showed that “subjects who had illnesses such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, duodenal ulcer, and alcoholism in midlife, had used significantly fewer positive words to describe their parents (e.g., loving, friendly, warm, open, understanding, sympathetic, just) while in college. This effect was independent of the subject’s age, family history of illness, smoking behavior, marital history, and the death or divorce of the subject’s parents.” More important, 95 per cent of subjects who rated their parents low in parental caring had diseases diagnosed16 in midlife, whereas only 29 percent of subjects who rated their parents high in parental caring had diseases diagnosed in midlife. Interestingly, another important factor that predicted good health was if the person perceived that his or her parents loved each other. In our busy world, we need to make time and demonstrate love and affection to our children if we want them to grow up happy and healthy.
The ability to express one’s emotions and share them with others is another determinant17 of health and well-being. Even writing about one’s emotions and feelings, has a positive effect on one’s health and well-being. Dr James Pennebaker at the University of Texas at Austin, is the pioneer who asked people to write about their deepest thoughts and feelings without censoring18 them, for 20 minutes each day, over three or four days. In one study of college students at a six-month follow-up, he found that their visits to the student health centre dropped by half. In another study, Pennebaker asked a group of executives, who had been laid off from their jobs, to write about their deepest thoughts and feelings surrounding the layoff and how their lives (personal and professional), had been affected. The participants who wrote about their feelings were much more likely to find re-employment in the months following the study than those who were asked to write about their general plans.
After the Holocaust, thousands of Jews who had survived the German death and torture19 factories moved to America. Writer William Helmreich randomly chose 170 survivors and interviewed them in depth about how they rebuilt their lives. This is described in his book, Against All Odds. He identified a number of the factors that led to successful lives, like social support and optimism. He found an important factor in building a good life was to find meaning in their experience and “interpret their survival in a way to give meaning to the rest of their lives.” Dr Victor Frankl, the well-known psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor, says in his book, Man’s Search for Meaning, “There is nothing in the world, I venture to say, that would so effectively help one to survive even the worst conditions as the knowledge that there is meaning in one’s life.” Numerous scientific studies bear this out. Spiritual practice and religious faith that develops a positive compassionate20 view of self is one way of finding meaning in a manner that nourishes21 one’s life, while paths that preach22 hate and cynicism23 have a detrimental24 effect on one’s health and well-being. (940 words)
| (Dr Dayal Mirchandani, MD, DPM, is a psychiatrist based in Mumbai.) | 1. thrive v. 蓬勃发展 2. downsize v. 裁员 3. executive n. 执行官 4. stroke n. 中风 5. hypertension n. 高血压 6. upheaval n. 大变动 7. differentiate v. 区别 8. airhostess n. 空姐 9. resilience n. 适应力 10. inexplicably adv.无法说明地 11. physiotherapy n. 物理疗法 12. disposition n. 性格 13. radiant adj. 灿烂的 14. perfunctory adj. 敷衍的 15. telling adj. 显著的 16. diagnose v. 诊断 17. determinant n. 决定因素 18. censor v. 审查 19. torture n. 折磨 20. compassionate adj. 有同情心的 21. nourish v. 滋养 22. preach v. 宣扬 23. cynicism n. 愤世嫉俗 24. detrimental adj. 有害的 |
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