
By far the most important sociological use of language is the interpersonal function, by which people establish and maintain their status in a society. In the: framework of function grammar, this function is concerned with interaction between the addresser and addressee in the discourse situation and the addressee's attitude toward what he speaks or writes about. For example, the ways in which people address others and refer to themselves (e.g. Dear sir, Dear professor ,Johnny ,yours, your obedient servant )indicate the various grades of interpersonal relations.
“Language serves to establish and maintain social rules, which include the communication roles created by language itself—for example the roles of questioner and respondent, which we take on by asking or answering a question;…Through) this function,…social groups are delimited, and the individual is identified and reinforced, since by enabling him to interact with others language also serve in the expression and development of his own personality…” (Halliday , in Lyons,1970:143)
Attached to the interpersonal function of language is its function of expression of identity .For example, the chanting of a crowd at a football match, the shouting of names or slogans at public meetings, the stage-managed audience reaction to TV games shows all signal who we are and where we belong. Language marks our identity ,physically in terms of age ,sex, and voiceprints ; psychologically in terms of language and personality ,intelligence ; geographically in terms of accents ,dialects ;ethnically and socially in terms of social stratification, class, status , role solidarity and distance .(David Crystal,1992:17)
The interpersonal function is such a broad category that is often discussed under various other terms as in the following performative ,emotive , expressive ,and phatic function of language .They seem to emphasize different aspects of the interpersonal function.
