企业财务报表分析外文文献翻译

标题：The study on the core competitiveness and financial statements analysis of enterprise

作者：Weber H

期刊：Journal of Supply Chain Management, 第1卷，第2期，页码：12-22.

年份：2016

原文

The study on the core competitiveness and financial statements analysis of enterprise

Weber H

1 Introduction

Since now to Prahalad and Hamel in the Harvard business review published essay, since the core competitiveness for enterprises, the core competitiveness theory in enterprise development and enterprise strategic research quickly occupied a dominant position, become one of the important theory guiding enterprise operation and management. As the world economic globalization and regional economic integration accelerates, "international competition domestic zed, and" domestic competition internationalization, has become a fact of life. Enterprises under the new environment of competition in the new century, is no longer the external resources level of competition, but competition within the enterprise core competitive ability. No core competitiveness is impossible to have international competitiveness, there is no international competitiveness, will not be able to meet the challenge of economic globalization. Therefore to improve the enterprise core competitive ability is the new century enterprise competition is an important content of revolutionary significance and strategic significance.

The development of economic globalization, the various countries' various areas as well as a variety of different types of industries are involved in the current fierce competition in the flood. Followed by active between foreign capital gradually in the international market, the enterprises have encountered strong competitors, facing the competition is increasingly fierce, and even some of the business has been worse, facing a serious threat can survive. If enterprises want to maximize the profits fromthe global economic integration, to avoid losses in the competition, to achieve rapid growth, and achieve sustainable development, the crucial point is based on the strategic height to enhance enterprise core competitiveness. Through efficient integration of enterprise financial, technology, capital and other tangible assets, intangible assets such as human capital and innovation ability, form the lasting competitive advantage of sustainable development, to ensure the smooth realization of the goal of enterprise management, and all of this can be turned into the financial and accounting information, embodied in the construction and implementation of financial statement analysis indicators. And financial statement analysis content and reflect the enterprise's core competitiveness evaluation method, the separation that the existing traditional financial statement analysis have been unable to meet in the fierce competition environment of the demand of the market economy management. Therefore, in order to adapt to the development of modern economic environment requirements, meet the statements of external users in the core competitiveness of the enterprise information demand, reflect the enterprise core competitive ability of financial analysis indicators will become the financial statement analysis is an important part of the system.

2 Literature review

2.1 The analysis method of the qualitative description

Mainly use the language of narrative methods or list of nucleus of the enterprise Core competitiveness to carry on the qualitative description, the qualitative analysis method is more representative Gary Hamel, Kessler language narrative method and Jones H network chart method. Gary Hamel thinks that enterprise management means, to the enterprise integration and to promote the formation of enterprise core competitiveness, compared with competitors, more evident to show enterprise to realize the value of demand, and has the characteristics of exclusive. Kessler tried to describe several prominent characteristics of enterprise core competitiveness through qualitative analysis, Jones thinks, the enterprise core competitive ability is complex and difficult to identify the sex features, this led to the scientific measurement difficulty, but you can see it as a combination of a skill, represented as a networkdiagram.

2.2 The combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis method

The subjective evaluation method is through the establishment of a series of indicators, using the experience to grade index, calculate the comprehensive score. Tend to be representative of this approach have Meyer platform method and Durand five elements of the method. Meyer thought, should be under product platform and product variety, from understanding customer needs, production skills, production capacity and sales channels and so on for analysis and evaluation.[8] and Durand the enterprise core competitive ability is divided into cognitive ability, high quality assets, internal architecture, production procedures and from five aspects, such as corporate culture construct measure the conceptual framework of capability difference between enterprises. Both views to follow the established index system, using the experience to grade index, calculate the total score of thinking, finally it is concluded that enterprise's core competitiveness level. At the same time, also has the representative is Henderson element structure method. The subjective judgment and index quantitative together, think the enterprise core competitive ability is the knowledge and ability, organizational knowledge. Among them, the abilities of components is a part of enterprise, is a processing and the main methods to solve the problem. Architecture ability is the ability to apply knowledge of the first group, is the rational utilization and effective coordination of a skill.

2.3 Quantitative analysis method

Namely can accurate quantitative analysis index evaluation? Patel quantification of patent indicators is to measure enterprise core competitiveness. Gallon M think enterprise core competence consists of three levels, namely basic ability, the center and key ability, points out that the basic method of analytic hierarchy process is evaluated. Michael's skill tree is distinct and easy to understand. Help to understand detailed features and characteristics of enterprise core competitiveness.

2.4 Evaluation

At this stage on enterprise financial statement analysis combining the theory of core competitiveness evaluation research is still heavy and light practice. Most oftheoretical analysis is lack of guiding significance to practical work. This theory is an abstract, in the actual application can't even draw lessons from. This is due to the complicated factors influencing the enterprise core competitiveness, easy to analyze from qualitative Angle, and its quantitative exist the certain difficulty. Even in the quantitative study of literature, is also selected multiple ways, using arcane mathematics method to quantify the enterprise core competitiveness, most of the general manager and investment decision makers in the face of such method is formidable, not to mention to use its solving practical problems. Therefore, still need to be practical, improve its maneuverability in practical application. In order to solve the above shortcomings, therefore, should be located in financial statement analysis, the enterprise core competitive power evaluation index into the financial statement analysis system, build a scientific, reasonable and easy to understand and use financial statement analysis indicators, to meet the needs of enterprise management and investment decision makers.

3 Enterprise core competitiveness and financial statement analysis

3.1 Enterprise core competitiveness

Enterprise core competitiveness is a relatively abstract concept, the formulation of at home and abroad to roughly the following: based on the concept of integrated view, represented in plum and hamel, think the enterprise core competitive ability is the enterprise formed by integrated management, relative to competitors can more efficiently realize the value of customer demand and not easily imitated by competitors. Based on the concept of knowledge and cultural viewpoint, represented by Patton, think the enterprise core competitive ability is refers to the enterprise characteristic, not easy to deal and can lead to competitive advantage for the companies of proprietary knowledge and information, is owned by the company can provide the competitive advantage of knowledge, its accumulation, contained in the corporate culture. Based on the concept of composite view, knag believes that the enterprise core competitive ability is the main organization to create value and Shared by multiple products or a variety of business skills and abilities, etc.

3.2 Financial statement analysisFinancial statement analysis has a complete theory, including financial statement analysis connotation, content, method and analysis is based on the data, etc., a professor at New York university Bemstein thinks, financial statement analysis is a decision process, through the evaluation of enterprises in the past or present the financial position and operating results, and the future of the enterprise operating conditions and operating performance of the optimal estimate. Financial statement analysis, a complete set of method system including structure analysis, ratio analysis, comparative analysis (including transverse comparison method and the longitudinal comparison method), trend analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis and comprehensive analysis, the special analysis method. Financial statement analysis is conducted on the basis of scientific data. Basic information is in accordance with enterprise accounting standards to prepare its financial statements, including balance sheet, income statement, the cash flow statement, statement of changes in owners' equity (or shareholders' equity statement) and note, etc. In addition, the audit report and other businesses, such as company announcement, prospectus, management accounting reports, press releases, market information, enterprise management to predict or plan and other relevant information is financial statement analysis mainly on the basis of the material. Evaluation standard of financial statement analysis, namely, to evaluate financial statements and analysis is based on the standard and criterion. Due to the enterprise core competitiveness with value-added, core, coordination, dynamic and heterogeneous characteristics, unique properties of these characteristics determine the enterprise can be in a long time to occupy the leading position, occupy more market share. This is what the general competitive ability does not have. Each feature makes the enterprise core competitive ability and general competitive ability difference, and can be outside into financial performance as expressed in financial statement analysis index quantification, therefore, the main characteristics as financial statement analysis system reflects the enterprise's core competitiveness evaluation standard

3.3 The combination of financial statement analysis and enterprise core competitiveness theoryFrom financial statement analysis and understanding and analysis of enterprise core competence, it can be seen that the enterprise core competitive ability has a rich variety of inner meaning and remarkable characteristics, and will reflect in the quality of the management level of enterprises and financial. Therefore, analysis of different development stages of the financial quality, can clearly know the main content of the enterprise core competitive power and its change direction. Therefore, the financial statement analysis determines evaluation and measure for the core competitiveness of the enterprise. Find the correspondence of financial statement analysis and enterprise core competitiveness, further study on financial statements and enterprise core competitiveness, according to the report project represents the economic meaning of explain the characteristics of enterprise core competitiveness, evaluation of enterprise core competitiveness from the perspective of financial accounting, the inclusion of the evaluation of the core competitiveness of the enterprise financial statement analysis system.

译文

企业核心竞争力与财务报表分析研究

Weber H

1引言

自普拉哈拉得(C.K.prahalad)和哈默尔(GaryH~l)在《哈佛商业评论》上发表《企业核心竞争力》一文以来，核心竞争力理论在企业发展和企业战略研究方面迅速占据了主导地位，成为指导企业经营和管理的重要理论之一。随着世界经济全球化和区域经济一体化进程的加快，“国际竞争国内化，和“国内竞争国际化，己成为不争的事实。新世纪新环境下企业的竞争，已不再是外部资源优势层面上的竞争，而是企业内部核心竞争力的竞争。没有核心竞争力就不可能有国际竞争力，没有国际竞争力，就无法迎接经济全球化的挑战。因此提高企业核心竞争力是新世纪企业竞争具有性意义和战略意义的重要内容。

经济全球化的发展，各国各地区以及各种不同类型行业企业都被卷入到当今激烈的竞争洪流中。随之而来的是国外资本逐渐在国际市场间活跃起来，各国企业都遇到了强劲的竞争对手，所面临的竞争也日渐激烈，甚至有些企业己经难以

为继，面临着能否生存下去的严重威胁。企业若想从全球经济一体化中最大限度地获取利润，避免在竞争中遭受损失，实现快速成长，并取得可持续发展，至关重要的一点就是立足于战略高度增强企业核心竞争力。通过高效整合企业财务、技术、资产等有形资产和创新能力、人力资本等无形资产，形成可持续发展的持久竞争优势，以保证企业经营目标的顺利实现，而所有这一切都可以外化为财务会计信息，体现为财务报表分析指标的构建与实施。而且，财务报表分析内容与反映企业核心竞争力的评价方法相脱节，表明现行的传统财务报表分析已无法满足处于激烈竞争环境下的市场经济管理的需求。因此，为了顺应现代经济环境的发展要求，满足报表外部使用者对企业核心竞争力信息的需求，反映企业核心竞争力的财务分析指标将成为财务报表分析体系中一个重要的组成部分。

2 文献综述

2.1定性描述的分析方法

主要是运用语言叙述的方法或者列表等方式对企业核心竞争力进行定性描述，比较有代表性的是Gary Hamel的定性分析法，Kessler的语言叙述法和Jones H的网络图表法。Gary Hamel认为企业运用管理的手段，对企业进行整合促进了企业核心竞争力的形成，与竞争对手相比而言，更加突出地显现出企业实现的价值需求，且具有独占性的特征。Kessler通过定性分析，来描述企业核心竞争力的几个突出特性。Jones认为，企业核心竞争力具有复杂性和不易辨认性等特性，这种特性导致了对其进行科学计量存在难度，但是可以把它看作一种技能的组合，表示为一个技能网络图。

2.2定性与定量相结合的分析方法

即主观评分法，通过建立一系列指标，利用经验给指标打分，算出综合得分。倾向于此方法的代表有Meyer的平台法和Durand等的五要素法。Meyer认为，应在产品平台和产品种类框架下，从了解客户需求、生产技能、生产能力和销售渠道等几方面进行分析评价。而Durand把企业核心竞争力划分为认知能力、优质资产、内部架构、生产步骤和企业文化等五个方面，构建衡量企业间能力差异的概念框架。这两种观点都遵循建立指标体系、利用经验给指标打分、计算总得分的思路，最后得出企业核心竞争力水平。同时，还具有代表性的是Henderson的元件结构法。他们把主观判断和指标量化综合起来，（完整译文请到）