硅树脂的绝缘性及耐热性

王　迅,黄艳华,孙文艳,冯圣玉,陈剑华

(山东大学化学与化工学院,济南250100)

　　摘要:以一甲基硅氧烷低聚物和二甲基硅氧烷低聚物为原料,加入适量的室温固化性能调节剂,在催化剂作用下合成了硅树脂;研究了催化剂种类对硅树脂性能的影响,并研究了耐热性、固化性能与绝缘性能的关系。结果表明:以自制催化剂制得的硅树脂的绝缘性能优于以盐酸为催化剂制得的硅树脂的绝缘性能,且不需中和、洗涤,简化了生产工艺;选用两种聚甲基硅氧烷低聚物制得的硅树脂,既可常温固化,也可加温固化,其耐热性较由甲基烷氧基硅烷单体聚合的硅树脂高;固化完全的硅树脂漆膜在200℃下老化30min 后,绝缘电阻可保持在1000M

Ω,同时还具有良好的附着性和硬度,且无毒。关键词:硅树脂,硅氧烷低聚物,绝缘性,耐热性,贮存期中图分类号:TQ32412+1　　　文献标识码:A

文章编号:1009-4369(2007)01-0029-04

收稿日期:2006-07-03。

作者简介:王迅(1968─

),女,在职申请硕士,主要研究方向为有机硅高分子。电话:(0531)88565561。

　　有机硅材料是具有安全性、高可靠性、多功

能性、多形态、高功能的绿色环保新材料。其中硅树脂可用作环保涂料、灌封材料、脱膜剂、不锈钢耐热涂层、防锈涂层、粘接剂、密封剂、绝缘材料、耐热材料等。随着应用领域的拓展,市场对硅树脂不断提出新的要求。各种电子电气材料通常要求具有优良的绝缘性及耐热性能。作为粘接剂、涂膜材料、密封材料使用时应满足下列要求:耐热、绝缘;应用工艺简单,使用方便;单组分,不需进行再调配;能室温固化;绿色环保,在施工或使用过程中无毒、无有毒气体逸出;贮存稳定性好,贮存期大于1年[1-3]。

笔者研究硅树脂多年,发现以甲基氯硅烷为原料制得的无溶剂硅树脂,其绝缘、耐温、防水、环保性能都非常优良;但固化温度太高,需在300℃下加热1h 才能固化,使用不方便[4]。以甲基三乙氧基硅烷为原料制得的甲基硅树脂贮存稳定性不够好。本实验探索了以一甲基硅氧烷低聚物和二甲基硅氧烷低聚物为原料合成硅树脂的方法,以改进硅树脂的贮存稳定性及固化性能,并重点研究了其耐热性和绝缘性。

1　实验

111　主要原料

甲基三乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷:工业级,浙江新安化工集团有限公司;硅树脂

1:由甲基烷氧基硅烷单体聚合而成,山东国华

化工新材料公司;异丙醇:AR ,天津化学试剂二厂;乙醇:AR ,莱阳精细化工厂;HCl :AR ,莱阳化学试剂厂;NaHCO 3:AR ,天津市泰兴试剂厂;室温固化性能调节剂:多官能有机硅化合物,自制;催化剂ZSYS :自制。112　硅树脂的制备11211　硅氧烷低聚物的制备

硅氧烷低聚物按式1、式2的合成路线制备。

CH 3Si (OC 2H 5)3+H 2O

HO _Si

CH 3

OH

O ηH

(1)

一甲基硅氧烷低聚物

(CH 3)2Si (OC 2H 5)2+H 2O

HO

_Si

CH 3

CH 3

O ηH

(2)

二甲基硅氧烷低聚物

一甲基硅氧烷低聚物的制备:以甲基三乙氧

基硅烷为原料,加入控制量的去离子水和催化剂,80℃下搅拌8h ;减压,蒸出占原料总质量的10%～30%的溶剂,备用。

二甲基硅氧烷低聚物的制备:以二甲基二乙

基础研究

有机硅材料,2007,21(1):29～32

SIL ICON E MA TERIAL 　

11212　硅树脂的制备

硅树脂按式3的合成路线制备。

HO_Si

CH3

OH OηH+HO_Si

CH3

CH3

OηH+调节剂

催化剂

预聚硅树脂　　(3)

以ZSYS为催化剂制备硅树脂2:在带有温度计、强力搅拌器、回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中,依次加入一定量的一甲基硅氧烷低聚物、二甲基硅氧烷低聚物、调节剂、乙醇,升温至60℃;将一定量的水和催化剂ZSYS加入到反应体系中,再升温至80℃,恒温搅拌8h;减压蒸出占原料总质量的10%～30%的溶剂,加入一定量的异丙醇,配成硅树脂溶液2。

以盐酸为催化剂制备硅树脂3:在带温度计、强力搅拌器、回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中,依次加入一定量的一甲基硅氧烷低聚物、二甲基硅氧烷低聚物、调节剂、乙醇、去离子水和浓度为012mol/L盐酸,70℃下搅拌8h;用NaHCO3中和、洗涤,浓缩至固体质量分数为70%～90%;停止搅拌及加热,加入一定量的异丙醇,配成硅树脂溶液3。

113　结构表征与性能测试

红外光谱(IR):将样品烘干,采用美国Thermo Nicolet公司的Avatar370型红外光谱仪测试;热失重分析:采用美国Perkin-Elmer公司的7Series的热重分析仪测试,氮气氛下,升温速率20℃/min;绝缘电阻:采用杭州电表厂的ZC25-4型绝缘电阻表测试;热老化性能:在不锈钢板上涂一层硅树脂,室温放置24h,然后放入上海树立仪器仪表有限公司的101F-1型电热鼓风干燥箱中,分别在50℃、100℃、150℃、200℃、250℃下放置30min,冷却后取出,测其绝缘电阻;常温固化性能:在不锈钢板上涂一层硅树脂,室温放置,每隔5h测一次绝缘电阻,直至绝缘电阻基本稳定;热固化性能:在不锈钢板上涂一层硅树脂,放入电热鼓风干燥箱中,在分别在50℃、100℃、150℃下放置60min,冷却后取出,测其绝缘电阻。

2　结果与讨论211　硅树脂的红外表征

硅树脂2的红外光谱见图1。

图1中,3432cm-1附近的宽峰为Si—OH 的特征吸收峰,2975cm-1处为C—H键的伸缩振动吸收峰,1037～1117cm-1附近的宽峰为Si—O—Si中Si—O键的伸缩振动吸收峰, 1274cm-1处的尖锐峰是Si—CH3的面外弯曲振动吸收峰,766cm-1处是Si—CH3的振动吸收峰。从图1可以看出,由二种硅氧烷低聚物合成的硅树脂中还存在一定量的Si—OH,因此是没有反应完全的预聚物。在使用过程中其Si—OH 可进一步缩合成固体硅树脂

。

图1　硅树脂2的IR谱图

212　硅树脂的耐热性

图2是硅树脂固化后的热失重曲线

。

图2　硅树脂的热失重曲线

a—硅树脂2;b—硅树脂1

由图2可见,由二种硅氧烷低聚物合成的硅树脂在100～300℃之间的质量损失率只有01552%,在300℃才开始略有失重,在300～500℃之间的质量损失率只有21299%;而由甲基烷氧基硅烷单体聚合的硅树脂在250℃就开始失重。由此可见,由二种硅氧烷低聚物合成的硅树脂具有更高的耐热性;但数据是在升温速度为

・30

　・有　机　硅　材　料第21卷

20℃/min 的条件下得到的,因此仅代表硅树脂

的短期耐温性。

213　催化剂种类对硅树脂绝缘性能的影响。

硅树脂3的固化膜光亮;但绝缘性较差,绝缘电阻在0M Ω附近。而硅树脂2的固化膜不仅光亮;且绝缘性优良,绝缘电阻在1000M Ω左右。这是因为以HCl 为催化剂时,虽经NaHCO 3中和、洗涤;但Cl -很难洗涤干净(因为硅树脂中还存在羟基和烷氧基,对水有亲和力,过度洗涤会影响硅树脂的产率),残存的少量Cl -会造成硅树脂膜击穿。而用ZSYS 做催化剂时,不需中和,也没有离子残存,因此硅树脂的绝缘性比较高;且不需中和及洗涤,生产过程也变得简单。因此以下实验均采用以ZSYS 为催化剂的硅树脂2。214　热老化温度对硅树脂绝缘电阻的影响

图3是硅树脂2在不同温度下老化30min 后的绝缘电阻与热老化温度的关系

。

图3　硅树脂的热老化温度与其绝缘电阻的关系

a —硅树脂2;

b —硅树脂1

由图3可见,采用二种硅氧烷低聚物合成的

硅树脂经150℃以上高温老化后的绝缘电阻高于采用甲基烷氧基硅烷合成的硅树脂。这可能与其结构的规整性有关。因为采用甲基烷氧基硅烷聚合时,一甲基硅氧烷与二甲基硅氧烷的排列是无序的;而采用二种低聚物再缩合时,形成了嵌段共聚物,这种结构相对于前者比较规整。事实上,采用二种硅氧烷低聚物合成的硅树脂可在200℃使用;而采用甲基烷氧基硅烷合成的硅树脂只能在150℃使用。热老化温度较低时,因漆膜没有固化好,所以绝缘电阻比较低;热老化温度超过100℃以后,漆膜的绝缘电阻达到1000M Ω;当温度超过250℃时,漆膜的绝缘电阻又下降。这可能是因为温度过高时引起硅树

脂部分降解所致。

图4是硅树脂2在200℃下老化一定时间后的绝缘电阻与老化时间的关系

。

图4　硅树脂2的热老化时间与其绝缘电阻的关系

由图4可见,漆膜在200℃下的热老化时间超过30min 后,其绝缘电阻下降较快。215　硅树脂的固化性能

硅树脂2在室温(20℃

)下的固化时间对其绝缘电阻的影响如图5所示

。

图5　硅树脂2在室温下的固化

时间与其绝缘电阻的关系

由图5可见,硅树脂2在室温下固化20h 以后,其绝缘电阻可稳定在1000M Ω。

硅树脂2也可以加热固化,其固化温度与绝缘电阻的关系见图6

。

图6　硅树脂2的固化温度与其绝缘电阻的关系

第1期王　迅等.硅树脂的绝缘性及耐热性・31　・

216　硅树脂的其它性能

经山东省产品质量监督研究所测试,硅树脂2的试板在100℃或200℃下烘2h后,漆膜的附着力(划圈法)均达到1级,铅笔硬度均达到6H;即单项判定均为合格。

经国家药品监督管理局、济南医疗器械质量监督检验中心检测,受试动物的静脉注射样品浸提液未见急性反应,即样品无急性毒性作用。

3　结论

以一甲基硅氧烷低聚物和二甲基硅氧烷低聚物为原料,加入适量的室温固化性能调节剂,在催化剂作用下合成了硅树脂;研究了催化剂种类对硅树脂性能的影响,并研究了耐热性、固化性能与绝缘性能的关系。结果表明:以自制催化剂制得的硅树脂的绝缘性能优于以盐酸为催化剂制得的硅树脂的绝缘性能,且不需中和、洗涤,简化了生产工艺;选用两种聚甲基硅氧烷低聚物制得的硅树脂,既可常温固化也可加温固化,其耐热性较由甲基烷氧基硅烷单体聚合的硅树脂高;固化完全的硅树脂漆膜在200℃下老化30min 后,绝缘电阻可保持在1000MΩ,同时还具有良好的附着性和硬度,且无毒。

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[1]冯圣玉,张洁,李美江,等.有机硅高分子及其应

用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004: 6.

[2]幸松民,王一璐.有机硅合成工艺及产品应用

[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000:9.

[3]章基凯.有机硅材料[M].北京:中国物资出版

社,1999:10.

[4]陈剑华.耐高温有机硅树脂的制造方法:中国,

85103446[P],1986:10.

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Magnasoft ESC能有效覆盖织物的纤维表层并均匀渗透到内部,所以在用量比其它有机硅柔软剂少的情况下仍可赋予织物松软、柔滑及亲水的手感;具有水可分散性,可应用在需要极佳剪切稳定性的后整工艺中,包括浸渍及浸轧整理,而不会使织物出现硅斑等质量问题。Magnasoft ESC可用于各类纤维和织物上,而应用在纯棉或其混纺、纤维胶人造纤维、毛织品和亚麻织品上的效果更明显。

Magnasoft NeoN YS是一种环氧改性的有机硅柔软剂。这种新产品的性能及手感与氨基改性有机硅柔软剂或传统的依靠机械乳化的环氧改性有机硅柔软剂完全不同。此外,当Magnasoft NeoN YS与碳氟化合物同浴使用时,能有效提高织物的柔软度,而不会明显降低织物的防水性能。产品具有极佳的乳液及剪切稳定性,并可改善织物的拉伸性和折皱回复性。经Magnasoft NeoN YS整理的100%全棉梭织物,其拉伸性恢复了9315%,伸长率则只有3105%,而折皱恢复角为107°(经纱)及83133°(纬纱)。Magna2 soft NeoN YS可用于各类纺织物,特别适用于厚重的机织物,如牛仔布和灯芯绒等;对人造棉纤维及聚酯纤维、仿皮织物、棉混纺及棉/弹性纤维混纺针织物等均有出色的柔软效果。

苯乙烯型环硅氧烷交联聚丙烯

华南理工大学的等人将含氢环硅氧烷与1-辛烯在铂催化进行硅氢加成反应,然后再与二乙烯基苯进行硅氢加成反应,制成含乙烯基苯基的环硅氧烷;将其作为交联剂与过氧化异丙苯一起加入到聚丙烯(PP)中,能使PP具有一定程度的交联。

・32

　・有　机　硅　材　料第21卷Current thinking of the development of silicone industry in China.L IU Wei2ping(Shandong Hongri A’kang Chemical Corporation,Linyi276021,Shandong).Y oujigui Cailiao, 2007,21(1):9213.

Abstract:The current status of silicone industry in China, major methaylchlorosilane manufacturers and their capacities, as well as the key developments of several major foreign sili2 cone manufacturers in China were reviewed.Several key points on the of silicone manufacturing capacity and overall de2 velopment for the industry were suggested.

K eyw ords:silicone,methylchlorosilane,Xin’an, Xinghuo,Dow Corning,Wacker,GE,Shinetsu Synthesis and characterization of octaammonium chloride salt of octaaminopropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. SHEN Yuan,L I Qi2fang(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029,China).Y oujigui Cailiao,2007,21(1): 14217.

Abstract:Octaammonium chloride salt of octaaminopropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(oap2POSS)was synthe2 sized by hydrolytic condensation ofγ2aminopropyl2 trithoxysilane in the methanol solution catalyzed by concen2 trated hydrochloric acid.The salt was precipitated with te2 trahydrofuran.It was characterized by FTIR,1H NMR, 29Si NMR,13C NMR and DSC.The effects of temperature, reaction time,amount of hydrochloric acid,amount of THF on yield were discussed in details.The optimal reaction condi2 tions were as follows:the volume ofγ2aminopropyl2 trithoxysilane,methanol,hydrochloric acid and tetrahydrofu2 ran was15mL,360mL,30mL,and250mL res pectively. The reaction temperature was90℃and the reaction time is18 hours.DSC analysis showed the melt point was412165℃.

K eyw ords:cage2like,octaammonium chloride salt of oc2 taaminopropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane,γ2amino2 propyltrithoxysilane,methanol,hydrochloric acid,tetrahy2 drofuran

R eaction mechanism of polycarbosilane at high temperature under high pressure(II):structure analysis of distillation products.CHEN G Xiang2zhen,XIE Zheng2fang,SON G Y ong2cai,XIAO Jia2yu(State K ey Lab of Advanced Ceramic Fibers&Composites,National University of Defense Tech2 nology,Changsha410073,Hunan).Y oujigui Cailiao, 2007,21(1):18222.

Abstract:The coarse polycarbosilane(PCS)was synthesized at450℃under the high pressure with liquid polysilane (L PS).The reaction mechanism of PCS was conferred from the characteristics of typical PCS structures with different molecular weight obtained by atmospheric distillation at differ2 ent temperatures.The results showed that during the synthe2 sis,Si2Si bonds of L PS were converted to Si2C bonds as the reaction temperature increased,and the low molecular car2bosilane was first formed.As the reaction temperature further increased,the small carbosilane molecules were combined through dehydrogenation and dehydrocarbonation condensation reaction;PCS was thus obtained.

K eyw ords:polycarbosilane,high pressure,polycarbosilane, silicon carbide

E ffects of inorganic2organic hybrid nano C aCO3/SiO2com2 posite particles on silicone rubber properties.WAN G Jing, L IU Guo2jun,ZHAN G Gui2xia,L IU J un2long(School of Chemistry Engineering&Material,Liaoning116034, Dalian).Y oujigui Cailiao,2007,21(1):23228. Abstract:CaCO3/SiO2composite nano particles with core2 shell structure were prepared by sol2gel precipitation process, and were organically in2situ hybridized.The CaCO3/SiO2 composite nano particles was used as amplifying material to re2 place partial silica particles in silicone rubber.The mechanical properties and the thermal stability of silicone rubber thus pre2 pared were characterized by SEM,pulling experiments ma2 chine and heat loses machine.The CaCO3/SiO2nano particles modified with different in2situ organic reagents further im2 proved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of sili2 cone rubber.Compound particle hydridized with A2151 showed the most improvement,while compound particle hy2 dridized with KH2570showed less improvement.It was also found that the mechanical properties and thermal stability of silicone rubber were also affect by the amount of CaCO3/SiO2 composite nano particles.When less than10%of the silica particles were substituted with KH2570hybridized compound particle,the performances of silicone rubber were better than the silicone rubber modified by the fumed silica.

K eyw ords:organic hybrid,nano CaCO3,silicone rubber, fumed silica,silane coupling agent

The electrical resistivity and heat resistance of silicone resin. WAN G Xun,HUAN G Y an2hua,SUN Wen2yan,FEN G Sheng2yu,CHEN Jian2hua(Shandong University,Jinan 250100,Shandong).Y oujigui Cailiao,2007,21(1):292 32.

Abstract:The silicone resin was prepared by condensation polymerization of methyltriethoxysilane oligomer and dimethyldiethoxysilane oligomer in the presence of ZSYS as catalyst.The effect of silicone properties using various cata2 lysts and the relation among the thermal stability,electrical resistivity,cure at the normal temperature and the storage time were studied.Results indicated that the silicon resin pre2 pared by these two silicone oligomers could be cured both at room temperature and higher temperatures;their thermal re2 sistance is better than the resin prepared by dimethylchlorosilane monomers.The weight loss of these resins began at300℃.The weight loss increased at300～500℃,and the total weight loss was21299%.However, the weight loss of the resin prepared by dimethylchlorosilane

ABSTRACT有机硅材料,2007,21(1):59

SIL ICON E MA TERIAL　monomers began at250℃.the electrical resistivity of the resin film,which fully cured and aged at200℃for30min, could reach1000MΩ.The non2toxic film also showed good adhesion and hardness.

K eyw ords:silicone resin,siloxane oligomerization,electrical resistivity,thermal stability,storage time

Synthesis of amino silicone fluid with high viscosity.SU Yu2 guang(Quzhou Chemical Group,Quzhou324004,Zhe2 jiang).Y oujigui Cailiao,2007,21(1):33235. Abstract:A new synthesis method of low molecular weight α,ω2dihydroxy polydimethyl siloxane and N2β2aminoethyl 2γ2diethylaminopropylmethyldimethoxy silane and method of viscosity control were introduced.The results indicated that the viscosity of the amino silicone fluid prepared by this method was higher than traditional method,and the reaction temperature was lower than traditional method.The fabric treated with silicone micro emulsion had excellent hand feel and smoothness.

K eyw ords:amino silicone fluid,α,ω2dihydroxy poly2 dimethyl siloxane,N2β2aminoethyl2γ2diethylamino2 propylmethyldimethoxy silane

Preparation and application of amino and dodecyl co2modi2 f ied polysiloxanes.HUAN G Liang2xian,AN Qiu2feng,L I Ming2tao,Y AN G G ang,WAN G Qian2jin,FU Y ong2shan (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shanxi U2 niversity of Science&Technology,Xianyang712081, Shanxi).Y oujigui Cailiao,2007,21(1):36240. Abstract:In the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH)as catalyst,a new softener amino and dodecyl co2 modified polysiloxanes(ADMPS)was synthesized by bulk polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D4),N2β2 aminoethyl2γ2aminoproylmethyldimethoxysilane(Y DH2602), dodecylmethyldimethoxysilane(HD2109)and hexamethyldis2 iloxane(MM).The chemical structure of ADMPS was char2 acterized by IR and1H NMR.It was applied for the condi2 tioning of100%white cotton.The results showed that when the amino value of ADMPS was increased,the bending rigidi2 ty of the treated cotton decreased and its wrinkle recovery an2 gle increased,which enhanced soft hand feel,the elasticity and the anticrease performance of the treated cotton.As the alkyl value of ADMPS was increased,the softeness,elasticity and the anticrease performance of the treated cotton declined a little,and the whiteness and wettability unchanged.The re2 sults showed that at similar amino content,the wettability and smoothness of cotton treated with ADMPS(alkane value 013mmol/g)was better than that with N2β2aminoethyl2γ2 aminopropylpolydimethylsiloxanes(ASO21),the whiteness of treated cotton fabric was as the same as that treated by ASO2 1,whereas the softness and wrinkle recovery angle of the cot2 ton treated with ASO21was better than that treated with ADMPS.K eyw ords:N2β2qae2γ2diethylaminopropylmethyldimethoxy silane,polysiloxanes,amino silicone fluid,dodecyl polysilox2 anes,textile,softening agent

Analysis of methylchlorosilicanes&phenylchlorosilicanes by G C&G C2MS with micro2column.J IAN G K e2zhi,N I Y ong,J IAN G Jian2xiong,Q IU Hua2yu,WU Ji2rong,LAI Guo2qiao(K ey Lab of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education,Hangzhou Teachers College,Hangzhou310012,Zhejiang).Y oujigui Cailiao, 2007,21(1):41243.

Abstract:The complete separation of chlorsilane mixture of phenyltrichlorosilane,dimethyldichlorosilane,methyl2 trichlorosilane and methyl phenyldichlorosilicane were realized with BN2200ms micro2column,which was confirmed by GC2 MS.

K eyw ords:phenyltrichlorosilane,dimethyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane,methyl phenyldichlorosilicane,micro2 column,GC2MS,GC

The latest application development of polysiloxane modif ied polyurethane.CHEN Xue2juan,ZHU Jie,HUAN G Shi2 qiang(Faculty of Material Science and Engineering,Hubei University,Wuhan430062,Hubei).Y oujigui Cailiao, 2007,21(1):44247.

Abstract:The latest research and application development of polysiloxane modified polyurethane in the field of polymer di2 electric,biomedicine and membranes materials etc were re2 viewed.

K eyw ords:polysiloxane,polyurethane

R esearch progress in synthesis of1,1,1,3,5,5,52hep2 tamethyltrisiloxane.WU Lu2yan,ZHAN Xiao2li,CHEN Feng2qiu(UN ILAB Research Center of Chemical Reaction Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou310027,Zhe2 jiang).Y oujigui Cailiao,2007,21(1):48252. Abstract:The synthesis methods of1,1,1,3,5,5,52hep2 tamethyltrisiloxane(MD H M)were reviewed.Then the reac2 tion mechanism of hydrolysis and condensation polymerization of methylchlorosilane was analyzed.In the end,future direc2 tion of preparation of MD H M in the future was pointed out. K eyw ords:heptamethyltrisiloxane,methylchlorosilanes,hy2 drolyzation,condensation

The blending technology of mixed silicone Rubber(VII). HUAN G Wen2run(Chenguang Research Institute of Chem2 istry Industry,China Bluestar,Chengdu610041,Sichuan). Y oujigui Cailiao,2007,21(1):53257.

Abstract:The blending technology of four types of silicone rubber compound for automobile,i. e.axial seal and con2 necting shaft protective casing,gaskets for engine system and waterproof connector,were introduced

K eyw ords:silicone rubber,automobile,axial seal,gasket, oil resistivity,fatigue resistance,self2lubricity

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