一般过去时
一、概念
过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,或者是过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。其谓语部分用动词的过去式来表示，实义动词没有人称和数的变化，但be动词有单数was和复数were之分。
二、通常使用一般过去时的时间状语
如： yesterday 昨天、 the day before yesterday 前天、two days ago…两天前… 、the other day前几天 、last night (week 、Sunday 、weekend、month、winter、year、century 世纪）、ago 很久以前（一段时间+ago） 、this morning今天早上、 just now 刚刚、 at the moment 那时、at the age of 8在8岁的时候、one day 、once upon a time 很久以前、in the old days 过去的日子里、long long ago很久以前
三、行为动词的一般过去式
行为动词是指表示具体动作的动词，如play, watch, eat等，它们的过去式表示这个动作发生在过去的某一时间。 We played basketball yesterday.
1、行为动词的过去式的构成：可概括为“直、去、双、改”四字诀。
一般情况下在动词原形后直接加ed. 如watched, played.
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加ed. 如hoped, lived.
重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，即“辅＋元＋辅” （w和y除外），须双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed. 如stopped, dragged, dropped, planned, chatted, kidded, begged, regretted, controlled, admitted, occurred, preferred, referred, permitted, equipped等.
注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）
注：加现在分词时，需要留意以下两种情况。 ①open它不是以重读闭音节结尾的，不符合上述条件，故末尾辅音不能双写。而begin， forget是重读闭音节结尾的单词，符合上述情况，构成现在分词时，需双写辅音beginning，forgetting。 ②throw, play, stay虽符合"一元一辅"条件，但他们是元音字母组合发音不符合条件，故不能双写throwing，playing staying
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词变y为i, 再加ed. 如studied, worried.
有些动词的过去式变化是不规的，需单独记忆。
２、行为动词在一般过去时态的句子中的用法
肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did. 谓语动词要用过去式时，行为动词的过去式没有人称和数的变化；改为否定句时，要把谓语动词改为“didn’t+动词原形”；改为一般疑问句时，在句首加助动词did，句中的动词要改为动词原形。
肯定句为：主语+动词过去式+宾语
如：I went home at nine o'clock yesterday. They watched TV last night.
否定句：主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语
如：I didn't go home yesterday. They didn’t watch TV last night.
一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语
如：Did you go home yesterday? Did they watch TV yesterday?
肯定回答：Yes,I did. Yes, they did.
否定回答：No,I didn't. No, they didn’t.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句 When did they go home? When did they watch TV?
四、be动词的一般过去时
1、be动词过去式的构成
be动词的过去式表示过去的状态，如是什么，在哪里，怎么样等。 I was twelve last year.
它与am, is, are一样，形式多样。当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，谓语动词用was,主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were.即am, is的过去式是was; are的过去式是were.
２、be动词在一般过去时态的句子中的用法。
在肯定句中，be动词要用过去式was或were，在人称和数上与主语保持一致；改为否定句时，在was或were后直接加not;改为一般疑问句时，将was或were提到句首即可。
肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语
如：I was late yesterday. They were in Beijing last week.
否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语
如：We weren't late yesterday. They weren’t/ were not in Beijing last week.
疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+表语
如：Were you ill yesterday? Were they in Beijing last week?
肯定回答：Yes,I was. Yes, they were.
否定句：No,I wasn't. No, they weren’t.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语
如：When were you born? Where were they last week?
五、助动词和情态动词过去式如下：
shall―should（将要）用于第一人称单数 will―would（将要）用于所有人称
can—could（能，会） may―might（可以） must―must （必须） have to―had to（不得不）
助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。
如：I had to do my homework yesterday. （昨天我不得不做作业。）
六、一般过去式的主要用法
(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态一般过去时不强调动
作对现在的影响，只说明过去的事情。
My father worked in Shanghai last year. It was hot yesterday.
Lei Feng was a good soldier. 注意 ：在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。
(2)也可以表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与always, often, never等连用。
I often went to school on foot. （过去）我经常步行去上学。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）
比较 Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞。
（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞）
Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella. 彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。
（表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦）
I never drank wine. 我以前从不喝酒。
（不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒）
(3)与when等连词引导的状语从句连用。
When we got home, we had a short rest. He was reading books when his father came in.
(4)如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do（过去常常做，而现在不那样做了）
He used to drink alcohol. 他过去喝酒。
（意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了）
I used to take a walk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨散步。
（意味着现在不在早晨散步了） （只是说明过去这一动作）
(5)有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时。
I didn''t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。
（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）
I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。
（指在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）
Unit 7 School clubs Reading
1. Read an article about the Clubs Fair at Rosie Bridge School. 阅读一篇有关罗西桥学校俱乐部展览会的文章。
the Club Fair意为“俱乐部展览会”，其中fair是可数名词，意为“展览会，展销会”。
We held the World Fair in Shanghai in 2010. 我们2010年在上海举办了世界博览会。
此外，fair还可作形容词，意为“公平的，公正的”。The teacher is fair.
2. Photography Club摄影俱乐部 其中photography是不可数名词，意为“摄影”；
photograph是可数名词，意为“照片，相片”。 Tom likes photography.
3. Solar Power Club意为“太阳能俱乐部”，其中power是不可数名词，意为“能，能量”。
I did everything in my power to help him.我尽全力帮助他。
４． Last month, they attended the Clubs Fair. 上个月，他们参加了俱乐部展览会。
本句中last为形容词，意为“最近的，上一个的”，此外，还有“最后一个的”意思。
Where did you go last week? We caught the last bus home. She was the last to arrive.
attend是及物动词，意为“出席，参加”，指出席会议或重要场合，不强调参加者在活动中所起的作用。 attend a meeting出席会议, attend school上学, attend a lecture听报告, attend a class上课， attend a wedding出席婚礼
Attend: 意为“出席，参加（会议，讲座，婚礼，报告等）”
| I didn’t attend the meeting. |
| Join: 意为“加入某个组织”，强调成为某个团体中的一员 join a club参加社团, join the army参军, join the Party入党 He joined the League when he was ten. ①I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.我永远也忘不了入党的那一天。 ②Will you join us for dinner?请你和我们一起吃饭好吗？ |
| Join in: 意为“参加某项活动”（小型活动），尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动 ①May I join in the game?我可以参加这个比赛吗？ ②I hope you’ll all join in the discussion.我希望你们大家都参加讨论。 |
| Take part in: 指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、等（大型活动），往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一份作用，有时与join in可互换。①Will you take part in the English evening?同我们一起参加英语晚会好吗？ ②All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning.所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除。 ③We should take an active part in school activities.我们应该积极参加学校的活动。 |
first是序数词，意为“首先，第一”。序数词是表示顺序的，其前一定要用定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。 the first lesson第一节课 her first name 她的名
6. Our club will teach you how to build rockets.我们的社团将会教你如何来制造火箭。
teach sb. sth. 教某人某物/某事 sb.是间接宾语 sth.是直接宾语
how to do sth.是“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语的用法。
Can you tell me how to make a kite? Please show me how to draw a horse.
7. Then you can launch them into the sky.然后你可以把它们发射到空中……
此处，then为“然后，其次”，与next意思大体相同，但next强调“接着做某事”，而then意为“在……之后”，侧重于表示下一个动作，常与and连用。
此外，then作副词，还可表示“那么”；作名词，意为“ 那时（常作介词宾语）”
Then why did you do it? by then到那时 from then on从那以后 till then到那时为止
launch“发射”，还可以表示“使（船）下水”。The ship was launched in 2005.
8. The rocket disappeared into the sky. 火箭消失在天空中。
Disappear不及物动词，意为“消失，不见，消散”，反义词是appear，“出现”。
9.Linda and Leo were very surprised.琳达和利奥很惊讶。
surprised形容词，意为“对……感到惊奇”，句子的主语通常是人; surprising形容词，意为“令人惊奇的”，主语通常是物；surprise名词，意为“惊奇”。
be surprised at对……感到惊奇 give sb. a surprise给某人一个惊喜 to one’s surprise令某人吃惊的是
10. Will it go all the way into space? 它会一直到太空中去吗？ into介词，意为“到……里面去” all the way意为“一路上，自始至终”
She didn’t speak a word to me all the way back home.回家的一路上，她没对我说一句话.
Into:表示动作方向的动态介词，意为“到……里面去”，常与表示动作的动词连用。
| 反义词组为out of. |
| In:表示物体位置的静态介词，意为“在……里面”，反义词为out. |
He ran into the room just now. They are sitting in the room.
11. “Of course it won’t,”a girl from another club shouted.“当然不会，”另一个社团的一个女 孩子喊道。 of course意为“当然”，与certainly意思相近。 another形容词，意为“再一的，另一的，别的” Would you like another cup of tea?
another:表示不确定数目中的“另一个”。
| That’s quite another matter.那完全是另一回事。 |
| the other:表示两个人或两样事物中的“另一个”。 Both my uncles are abroad: one is in Paris and the other is in New York. |
We need another three basketball.我们还需要三个篮球。
shout动词,意为“因欢乐、赞美、发命令、提出警告、唤起注意等而喊叫”
Don’t shout, Jim. They shouted happily.
shout常与to, at等介词搭配。shout to是由于距离远，声音小而“高声喊叫”；shout at
表示生气时对某喊大叫，态度不友好。
I shout to her to help me. Don’t shout at that old man.
12. They only use solar power.它们只利用太阳能。
only是常用副词，意为“只，只有”。Only a little only a few
13. She took a toy car from the table and then used a remote control to drive it all around the playground.她从桌子上拿起一辆玩具车，然后用遥控器操控它满操场地跑。
take…from意为“从……中取出……” Judy took a pen from her pencil case.
remote control意为“遥控器” 此处，remote“远程的” control“开关，按钮，操纵器” all around 在……的各处
I looked for my puppy all around my neighbourhood but I didn’t find it.我在小区里到处找我的小狗，可就是找不到。
14. But a few minutes later, an old lady found it and gave it back to me.但是过了一会儿，一
位老人发现了它并还给了我。
a few意为“几个，少数（还有几个，肯定意义）”，用来修饰可数名词复数。 few意为“几个，少数（几乎没有，否定意义）”，用来修饰可数名词复数。
区别：little, a little +不可数名词（有a则有，无a则无）
There are a few boys playing on the playground.
There are few boys playing on the playground. He is new here, but he has a few friends.
15. Did you get to know any other clubs?你还知道其他的俱乐部吗？
get to know意为“知道，了解，逐渐认识”，相当于know。get to do sth.意为“逐步做……”，表示一段逐步做的过程。
How did you got to know I was here?
16. That’s wonderful.太棒了。
wonderful形容词，意为“神气的，绝妙的，极好的”
I’m sure you’ll have a wonderful time. It’s wonderful to go swimming in summer.
拓展部分
17. watch a football match on TV在电视上看篮球比赛
match可数名词,意为“比赛，竞赛”。常用短语：have a match举行比赛
watch a match观看比赛 in the match在比赛中
We are going to have a basketball match next week下周我们要举行一场篮球赛。
| match 竞赛，比赛 指有一定规则的游戏或运动，且以输赢为主要目的 |
| game 运动，比赛，游戏 一般指竞技比赛，较正式的球类比赛，拳击等； 作复数时，一般指大型的国际体育运动会。 |
on TV意为“在电视上”。但是“在广播里”“在电脑让”却要用the,表达为on the radio, on the computer.
18. What did you do next?接下来你做了什么？
next副词，意为“其实，然后”，可置于句首、句中或句末。 When shall we meet next?
next可作形容词，意为“下一个的，接下来的”“隔壁的，（空间上）最近的” next door邻家；隔壁, next room隔壁房间
next名词，意为“下一个” the year after next后年 Next, please!
next介词，意为“在……旁” a seat next her fire 炉子旁的座位
19.I broke my sunglasses and I left my cap on a tree. 我打破了太阳眼镜，并把帽子忘在
了树上。 on a tree“在树上” Look! There are some flowers on a tree.
| on a tree 指的是树木所固有的东西，及树上长出的东西，如枝叶，果实等“在树上” |
| in a tree 指的是树本身以外的东西，即不属于树上生长的东西，如人，鸟或其 它物品等“在树上” |
20. I finished all my homework. 我完成了所有的家庭作业。
finish是及物动词，意为“完成”，后面常跟名词或动词的-ing形式作宾语。
I finished reading the book yesterday. finish doing sth.
finish不及物动词，意为“结束；完成”
The basketball game finished 15 minutes ago. 篮球比赛15分钟之前结束了。
21. It was boring.它非常无聊。
boring形容词，意为“令人厌倦的，乏味的”
boring一般修饰物，而bored通常修饰人，意为“感到无聊的”。
The boy feels very bored.
22. look them up in the library在图书馆中查找它们。
look up意为“（在词典或参考书中）查阅，检查”，其后跟名词作宾语，名词也可放在look与up之间；如果代词作look up的宾语，则只能放在look与up中间。
look up a word in a dictionary= look a word up in a dictionary在词典中查单词
此外，look up还有“向上看，抬头看”的意思。
He looked up and laughed happily.他抬起头来高兴地笑了。
23. some more information更多的一些信息
information不可数名词，意为“消息；信息”
I often go to the library to look for some information.我经常去图书馆查询一些信息。
24. The night before, I was so excited that I could not sleep.前一个晚上，我很兴奋以至于睡不着觉。 so……that意为“如此……以至于”，so是副词，后接形容词或副词,that引导结果状语从句。 The little girl is so lovely that everyone loves her.
25. I hurried to school and met the other students and Mr. Li, our trip leader.我匆忙去了学校见到了其他学生和李先生，我们的旅行领导。
hurry不及物动词，意为“赶紧，匆忙” He hurried to get to school after breakfast.
hurry名词，意为“急忙，仓促” in a hurry
She ran to school in a hurry.
26.When we were all there, we left for Lucky Island.我们都到齐了，就出发去了幸运岛。
leave for+地点，意为“动身去某地，前往某地” leave A for B
He left (home) for the station a few minutes ago.几分钟前他离开家去车站了。
leave作及物动词，还可意为“留下，遗忘，落下”。leave sth. sp. 意为“把某物忘在（落在）某地”
leave意为“使……处于某种状态”，此时leave后接宾语及宾语补足语，宾语补足语可以是形容启，现在分词，过去分词，介词短语等等。 Leave the door open.
27.When we got to Lucky Island.当我们到达幸运岛时……
get to=arrive in/ at= reach到达
get不及物动词，意为“到达”，表示到达某地时，常与to连用；但当表示目的地的词是副词here, there, home等时，则不需要介词to.
28. …we went on a long walk and saw some pretty flowers. 我们走了很长一段路，看到了很多美丽的花。 Pretty形容词，意为“美丽的，漂亮的”。 Pretty的语气比beautiful弱，侧重“娇小的”，是一种优美或文雅的美。一般用于小孩或年轻女子。beautiful 漂亮悦人的，表示“美丽”的最普通用词，语气最强，不用于男性
fine,handsome,pretty等只表示beautiful的一部分
pretty 美丽可爱的，多用于小孩、妇女和较细小的东西，语气较弱
a pretty child(girl,little house)
good-looking 相貌好看的，语气弱，可修饰男性或女性
handsome 仪表堂堂，美俊的，主要用于男性 a handsome boy
29. After that, we played games and took pictures.之后，我们玩游戏，拍照。
play games意为“玩游戏” We played games after school.
play作动词时，有以下几种常见用法：(1)玩耍。此时为不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾语。The boy often play in the street. (2)打、踢球。后面接表示球类的名词，球类名词前不能加the. play basketball, play football
常用短语有play with玩弄，比赛； play a part / role in起……作用；play a trick on捉弄；play a joke on开玩笑；play at 玩某种游戏；play back重放（录音、唱片等）
30.We really enjoyed ourselves.我们玩得真的很开心。
enjoy oneself意为“玩得高兴”=have a good time
Do you enjoy yourselves today? We enjoyed ourselves at the English evening.
enjoy sth.喜爱某物（后面接名词，代词作宾语）
enjoy doing sth.喜爱做某事（后面接动名词作宾语）
My father and mother enjoy walking after supper..
| enjoy “喜爱，享受……的乐趣”，具有满足感 |
| love “热爱”，反义词hate，指引起深厚的强烈的感情，并有依附感 |
| like “喜欢”，反义词dislike，指不反感，但不引起强烈的感情和迫切的愿望 |
It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.意为“到了（某人）做某事的时间了”
It’s time for sth. 意为“到了（做）某事的时间了”，后接名词或代词。
It’s time to get up now. It’s time for us to take a break. It’s time for lunch.
31.I cannot wait for my next adventure with Mr. Li and the Hiking Club.我非常期待着和李先生以及旅行俱乐部的下一次冒险。
wait for意为“等待，等候”，其中wait为不及物动词，其后不能直接跟宾语，如果要跟宾语，须加介词for，for后须跟名词、代词或动名词。
The little boy is waiting for his mother now. Don’t wait here.
32.They can make new friends and learn useful skills at camp.他们可以在营地结交新朋友并且学习有用的技能。
useful形容词，意为“有用的，有益的，有帮助的”,常在句中作表语或定语。
This is a useful book for English beginners.
以-ful结尾的形容词的反义词多是相应的以-less结尾的形容词
useful—useless helpful—helpless careful—careless
the information you gave me is very unhelpful。你给我的资料是非常没有帮助的。
I feel so helpless when she left me。当她离开我时我感觉很无助。
33. Some summer camps are for international students.一些夏令营活动是为国际上的学生（举办）的。 international形容词，意为“国际的”
Most international business letters are written in English.大部分国际商务信件是用英语写的。
一．单项选择
1.If you don’t know the new words, you may ___________ in a dictionary.
A. look up B. look it up C. look up them D. look them up
2.We enjoyed __________ in the Centre Park last Saturday.
A. we B. us C. ourselves D. our
3.Look! There is a black cat __________ the tree.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
4.__________ your parents at home last week﹖
A．Is B．Was C．Are D．Were
5.He ___________ the letter three hours ago
A. finish writing B. finishes writing C. finished writing D. finished to write
6.The movie is very __________, so I wouldn’t like to see it.
A. interesting B. interested C. boring D. bored
7.Tom! It’s time ___________ lunch!
A. have B. having C. to have D. had
8.– Could we see each other at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning?
-- Sorry, let’s make it __________ time.
A. the other B. other’s C. other D. another
9.Who was on duty last Friday﹖
A． I am B． I was C． Yes, I was D． No, I wasn't
10. I cleaned my classroom ___________.
A. with three hours B. three hours ago C. in three hours D. three hours before
二． 阅读理解
A
One day Tony was crossing the road when he was hit by a car. He fell and broke his arm. An ambulance(救护车) soon arrived and took Tony to a hospital. There a doctor operated on his arm. Then he put the arm in a cast(石膏).Tony couldn't move it at all.
"You must keep your arm in a cast for six weeks, "the doctor said：" You'll be all right then. "
At the end of six weeks, Tony went back to the hospital. The doctor took his arm out of the cast.
"Can you move your arm, Tony?” he asked.
Tony tried to move his arm. At first it was difficult, but soon he could move it easily.
"Yes, it's fine," he said. "Thank you very much."
"In a few days it will be as good as new," the doctor said. "Just exercises it a little."
"Will I be able to play the guitar(吉他)？"Tony asked.
The doctor smiled. "Of course you will," he said. "You'll have no problems."
"That is good news," Tony said. ”Because I couldn't play it at all before."
1. How did Tony break his arm? .
A. A guitar fell on it. B. A doctor broke it. C. He was hit by a car.
2. How long did Tony have to keep his arm in a cast? .
A. Several days. B. Less than a month. C. About a month and a half.
3. As soon as the doctor took off the cast .
A. Tony could move his arm easily
B. Tony could move his arm with some trouble
C. Tony was no longer able to move his arm
4. What did the doctor tell Tony to do after the cast was taken off? .
A. Exercise his arm. B. Take some medicine C. Come back to the hospital again.
5. At last Tony became very happy because .
A. he thought he would be able to play the guitar.
B. the doctor had given him a guitar
C. the doctor had told him that he could help him
三．根据对话内容，从方框中的六个选项中选出五个合适的选项补全对话。
| A. good B. times C. want D. go E. like F. favourite |
Sam: I am going to the gym. I often go there.
Jason: Do you 16 sports?
Sam: Of course.
Jason: What’s your 17 sport?
Sam: Badminton.
Jason: Do you play badminton every day?
Sam: No. about three 18 a week. Do you like sports?
Jason: No, I don’t. I like music.
Sam: Can you play the piano?
Jason: Yes, but a little. I am 19 at playing the guitar.
Sam: It is cool. I 20 to learn it.
Jason: Let me help you with it.
Sam: Thank you！
Jason: You’re welcome.
四．根据汉语提示完成句子。
21. 上个月，他们参加了学校俱乐部展览会。
Last month, they ___________ the Clubs Fair.
22. “所有的俱乐部我都想参加，”琳达说。
“I want ___________ ___________ all the clubs,” said Linda.
23. 首先，琳达和利奥了解了火箭俱乐部。
First, Linda and Leo ___________ ___________ the Rocket Club.
24. “它当然不会，”来自另一个俱乐部的女孩喊道。
“___________ ___________ it won’t,” a girl from ___________ club shouted.
25. 在展览会后，他们感到非常的兴奋。
After the fair, they felt very ___________.
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