The Huffington Post | By James Gerken
Posted: 07/10/2015
熊猫为甚吃竹子就能活下来?
作者:詹姆斯·葛肯 发表于《何芬顿邮报》 2015年7月10日
Everyone knows pandas love bamboo: they can eat more than 80 pounds of it every day.
But bamboo leaves and shoots don't contain very much nutritional value, and researchers
believe pandas' gut microbes and intestinal structures aren't even well-suited to digesting the plant.
谁都知道熊猫爱吃竹子:一只熊猫每天能吃掉超过80磅的竹子。但是竹叶和竹笋并不具有很高的营养价值,而且科学家们认为熊猫的肠道结构和肠内菌群甚至就不适合消化植物类食物。
So how do these furry bamboo gluttons get by?
那这些毛茸茸的吃货是怎么靠吃竹子活下来的呢?
Pandas may survive because, on average, they expend much less energy than other land
mammals their size, revealed a study published Thursday in the journal Science.
周四发表在《科学》期刊上的一项研究揭示了熊猫们的生存之道:平均来看,它们比同体型的其他哺乳动物消耗的体能要少得多。
Researchers from China and Scotland measured the amount of energy expended by five
captive and three wild pandas. They discovered the captive pandas used only 38 percent
of the energy other large mammals typically expended, while wild pandas used only 45
percent.
来自中国和苏格兰的研究者们分别测量了五只圈养熊猫及三只野生熊消耗的能量。他们发现圈养的熊猫消耗的体能仅相当于其他典型大型哺乳动物的38%,野生熊猫消耗的多一点,也仅占45%。
The research team measured the animals’ metabolic rate using the doubly labeled water
method, which is also used on humans.
在实验中,研究小组采用双标水法来测量动物的代谢率,这种方法也适用于人类。
How do panda bears conserve so much energy? Along with certain physical adaptations,
they don't move too much. The researchers observed the captive pandas for 100-
minute intervals and recorded their activities, while the wild pandas' activities were
measured using GPS collars. The pandas in the study devoted less than half of their time to physical activities.
那熊猫是如何留得住这么多能量的呢?除了自身机体的调节之外,熊猫通过少活动的方式保存能量。研究者们观察并记录圈养熊猫在100分钟内的活动量,同时给野生熊猫戴GPS项圈来测量它们的运动量。研究结果显示熊猫仅把一小半时间花在体力活动上。
Pandas have smaller brains, livers and kidneys than other bears, requiring less energy to
function. They also have lower levels of two thyroid hormones, meaning they have a slower
metabolism than similarly-sized mammals.
另外,熊猫与其他熊科动物相比有着更小的大脑、肝和肾,维持运作所需的能量更少;它们的甲状腺素水平相比更低,意味着它们的新陈代谢也比相近大小的动物要慢。
But they're not alone in their lazy ways. "Although the metabolic rates of the giant panda are
exceptionally low, we do not suggest that they are entirely separate from other eutherian
mammals" like three-toed sloths and red pandas, the researchers wrote.
但过得优哉游哉的并不止熊猫一家。“尽管大熊猫的新陈代谢率出奇的低,但我们并不认为它们与其他真兽亚纲类动物截然不同,三趾树懒和小熊猫也过着懒散的生活。”研究者们这样写道。
You take it easy, Mr. Panda. Your life may depend on it.
悠着点,放轻松,熊猫先生。您的性命乃系于此。
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