
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Off-Peak fares are cheaper tickets for traveling on trains that are less busy, offering good value for money. The tickets may require you to travel at specific times of day, days of the week or on a specific route. Where there is more than one Off-Peak fare for a journey, the cheaper fare is called Super Off-Peak.
You can buy Off-Peak tickets any time before you travel, either online or at a local station. The travel restrictions for your Off-Peak ticket will depend on the journey you are making. The tickets must be used on the date shown on the ticket. For Off-Peak return tickets, related journeys must be made on the date shown on your ticket as well.
Children aged five to fifteen get a 50% discount for all Off-Peak fares. Up to 2 children under 5years can travel free with each fare paying adult. Railcard holders get 1/3 off all Standard Class Off-Peak fares. Senior, and disabled Railcard holders also get I/3 off all First Class Off Peak fares. Please note that minimum fares and time restrictions may apply to tickets bought with a Railcard.
If you plan on a train trip with friends or your family, you may get group travel discounts. Three or four can travel for the price of just two adults—leaving everyone more money to spend on the day out! If you are traveling in a group of ten or more at Off-Peak times, you may be able to obtain a further discount through the train company you are traveling with. Contact the train company directly and be aware that you may need to book tickets in advance.
For more information, please visit www. nationalrail. co. uk
(1)An Off-Peak ticket differs from other tickets in .
A. its good value for money B. its convenience
C. the specific trains D. travel schedules
(2)Apart from the Off-Peak fares, you may also save money by .
A. becoming a VIP B. traveling at rush time
C. buying tickets online D. getting group travel discounts
(3)What type of writing is this text?
A. An announcement. B. A ticket booking guide.
C. A business report. D. A travel review.
【答案】(1)A
(2)D
(3)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇订票指南,介绍如何能订到更便宜的火车票。
(1)细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Off-Peak fares are cheaper tickets for traveling on trains that are less busy, offering good value for money.可知,非高峰期车票与其他门票相比便宜,花的值。故答案选A。
(2)细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句If you plan on a train trip with friends or your family, you may get group travel discounts.可知,你也可以通过获得团体旅行折扣来节约钱。故答案选D。
(3)主旨大意题。纵观全文,特别是第一段第一句Off-Peak fares are cheaper tickets for traveling on trains that are less busy,offering good value for money.第二段第一句.You can buy Off-Peak tickets any time before you travel, either online or at a local station.和最后一段第一句If you plan on a train trip with friends or your family,you may get group travel discounts. 可知本文是一篇机票预订指南。故答案选B。
【点评】英语阅读理解细节题具体方法与步骤:
①排除干扰项 ,突出主题。事实细节题的设计干扰项一般都是某一细节的错误叙述与论断,可先排除干扰项。
② 按文章的体裁,作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词,如for example,first,second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
③ 快速通篇跳读,自左至右,自上而下呈Z形扫视,直到找到细节出处,待找到含细节句子时,放慢速度,仔细核对比较内容,直至找到答案。
④注意识别指代词语。为避免重复,文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语,如同义词、近义词、代词等。
2.阅读理解
Nothing good generally comes of a conversation that start with the words, "I think you should probably sit down before I tell you this.”
And so it came to pass. Away for Christmas, we got a call from kind friends at home, our neighbour's house had caught fire while they were out. The fire didn't spread to our house but the smoke very much did.
It's weeks of either throwing out, or sending away for specialist cleaning, every single thing into which smoke could have permeated(渗透)because the particles(微粒) are an ongoing health risk and washing isn't enough. Anything soft—sofas and carpets and children's teddy bears, clothes—is suspected. We will be seeing in the New Year in a decidedly minimalist fashion.
What I didn't expect to feel, however, is this lucky. Friends and neighbours have come together with incredible generosity. We will never again underestimate the closeness of the village community in which we live, or the innate kindness that is most people's natural reaction to trouble, and are grateful to be reminded of so much that is good. But that's not the only thing I've learned. For in a sense, we have a chance to start again.
The surprise on being forced to think about what might urgently need replacing is how short the list of essentials seems; how much we must have been hanging on to out of habit, and how much we have been conditioned to think was important.
It's all too easily assumed that family history lives in tangible(有形的)things— old photographs, a dress bought decades ago for a night heavy with memories — but that's not quite right. These things were only reminders of what we already carry with us in head and heart.
Walking through the house, sweeping up the broken glass, I realised that the answer to the old question of "What would you save in a fire? " is actually that nothing really matters but each other.
(1)What happened to the author's house?
A.It caught a fire.
B.It was affected by a fire.
C.It was broken into by friends.
D.Its windows were broken.
(2)What does the underlined word "suspected" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.something that may be damaged.
B.something that may not be genuine.
C.something that may not be so good.
D.something that may be dangerous.
(3)What did the author expect to feel?
A.People around him were cold to others' trouble.
B.His friends and neighbours were so generous.
C.People in his community were close to each other.
D.He was so lucky to find much that was good.
(4)How will the author probably feel when the New Year finally comes?
A.Worried.
B.Surprised.
C.Excited.
D.Contented.
【答案】 (1)B
(2)A
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,作者家房子受到火灾影响,物品受损,一切都需要清理,但朋友们和邻居们提供的帮助,让作者感受到了他们的善良,对他们感恩。作者感受到拥有彼此才是最重要的。
(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“our neighbour's house had caught fire while they were out. The fire didn't spread to our house but the smoke very much did.”;第三段中的“every single thing into which smoke could have permeated”可知邻居家在外出时着火了,虽然火没有蔓延到作者家,但烟殃及了房子,作者家的房子受到了影响。故选B。
(2)考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“every single thing into which smoke could have permeated(渗透)because the particles(微粒) are an ongoing health risk and washing isn't enough.”可知每件被烟雾渗透的物品都要专门清洗或扔掉,因为那些微粒威胁健康,有的仅清洗是不行的。此句涉及的那些柔软的东西被认为可能是被污染损害的东西,suspected指的就是这些东西。故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“What I didn't expect to feel, however, is this lucky.”作者没想到的是自己家很幸运,下文提到朋友们和邻居们都提供了帮助,作者从中感受到了他们的善良。由此推知作者原来认为的是人们会对别人家的困难很冷漠,故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“We will be seeing in the New Year in a decidedly minimalist fashion.”可知作者家房子受到火灾影响,物品受损,一切都需要清理,作者认为即将到来的新年肯定是简约的。但朋友们和邻居们提供的帮助,让作者感受到了他们的善良,对他们感恩;再根据最后一段中的“I realised that the answer to the old question of ‘What would you save in a fire? ’ is actually that nothing really matters but each other.”作者感受到拥有彼此才是最重要的。这些说明作者是满足的,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
For years, my time spent in the shower could have got me a mention in Guinness World Records as the shortest time taken to bathe. I hurried up during this process.
One day, however, while at a party, I heard an artist friend telling everybody that his idea came while he was having a shower. “What about you?” he asked, “Don't you get your creative thoughts from the same place?”
“I'm in and out in a hurry,” I told him proudly. “I have no time to waste!”
“What a pity,” he said. “That's the place where you need to slow down; plenty of great thoughts come from there!” I tried it out. I slowed down the whole process, started enjoying the warm water, taking a little longer to soap myself and even spending more time just enjoying the process, and realized how much I had missed in hurrying up all these years.
A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from and how she sought to convince her that she needed to find ways to relax. She gave her a videotape on stress management and relaxation techniques, and encouraged her to watch it right away. Fifteen minutes later, her friend handed back the tape. “It was good,” she said,” but I don't need it.”
“But it's a 70 - minute video,” the woman replied, “You couldn't have watched the whole thing.”
“Yes, I did,” her friend said. “I put it in fast - forward!”
A major social problem of the 21st century is Hurry Sickness. We hurry through work. We swallow fast food. We complain that we don't have enough time. We race through the days and weeks until one day we look back in amazement and comment, “My god, how the years flew by!” Then we realize the heavy price we have paid for traveling fast.
Symptoms of Hurry Sickness include stress and anxiety, bad relationships, lowered work performance and even disease. Some people don't survive it. What's the cure? Slow down, for life is so short and precious that we must live it well.
(1)What was the advantage of taking a shower in the eyes of the artist friend?
A. Time was saved. B. Nothing was missed.
C. Great ideas flew away. D. Creative thoughts came.
(2)What was the trouble with the woman's friend?
A. She felt stressed. B. She found the tape useless.
C. She found no way to relax. D. She watched the tape too fast.
(3)What are the major trouble people face in the 21st century in the writer's eyes?
A. People run fast to work. B. Everything is done in a hurry.
C. People don't have enough time. D. Time flies without being noticed.
(4)How can the problem be settled?
A. By pacing down. B. By learning to survive.
C. By developing friendship. D. By performing good work.
【答案】(1)D
(2)A
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。很多人以自己的快节奏生活而自豪,这会造成一种匆忙症,它的突出症状为焦虑,有压力,生病,工作效率低甚至活不下去。如果想治愈症,就要放慢速度。比如放慢洗澡的速度有可能会创意的想法出现。
(1)细节理解题。根据第二段中的I heard an artist friend telling everybody that his idea came while he was having a shower. …“Don't you get your creative thoughts from the same place?”可知,作者的艺术家的朋友告诉大家。他创造性的想法是在他洗澡的时候来的。分析选项可知D项符合题意,故答案选D。
(2)细节理解题。根据第五段“A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from …”可知,这位女子说她的朋友遭受了很大的压力。分析选项可知,故答案选A。
(3)细节理解题。根据第八段内容可知,21世纪的人最大的问题就是“匆忙病”。他们匆匆忙忙的工作。吃快餐。他们抱怨没有足够的时间。他们一直和时间赛跑,直到有一天,惊讶地回过头来,说,“我的上帝,时光飞逝啊!“然后意识到他们已经付出了沉重的代价。分析本段的内容可知B项(一切都是匆匆忙忙完成的。)符合题意。在本段中说他们匆匆忙忙地工作而不是奔跑去上班, A错误。他们抱怨没有足够的时间而不是没有足够的时间,故C是错误的。而D项与题干无关。故不选,分析可知B项符合题意。
(4)推理判断题。最后一段说匆忙症的症状包括有压力和焦虑,不良的人际关系,工作效率低,甚至生病。有些人甚至无法生存下去。如何治呢?那就是放慢脚步。分析可知,要解决这个问题就要放慢速度。分析选项可知A项符合题意。
【点评】阅读理解细节题解题技巧:
1)语义转换题--跳读查找法:根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子,然后进行比较和分析,便可确定最佳答案。
2)生活应用题--常识理解法:在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。
3)细节排序题--首尾定位法:根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序。
4)寻找信息题--题干定位法:寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题,主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。
4.阅读理解
TEENSGIVING is an exciting yearly event where hundreds of New York City teens gather together annually for a remarkable day of community service. This year, TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016 participants will once again better New York City and influence thousands of lives!
When is TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016?
Sunday, April 20, 2016
Where is TEENSGIVING?
All over New York City. Everyone will meet at the 92nd Street Y ( 92nd and Lexington ) at 9:00 AM for the event kick-off. Then, all TEENSGIVING volunteers will go across the city to work with our partnering agencies where they will make a HUGE difference and have fun!
Who participates in TEENSGIVING?
Hundreds of teenagers from around the city. Teens come from the 92nd Street Y, various city schools, youth groups, and organizations in the area. In addition, many adult volunteers ( aged 21 and older) will donate their time to TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016.
What projects do participants do at the agencies?
Sample projects include painting park benches, planting gardens, visiting and playing with poor and disabled children, assisting at animal shelters, working at soup kitchens, delivering meals and celebrating with families at homeless shelters.
Do I get anything for participating in TEENSGIV1NG?
Yes! Everybody benefits! Teen volunteers will receive “6 hours” of community service credit, good towards honor society, high school graduation and college application requirements. Adult volunteers will be thanked with a light breakfast, a gift certificate for their troubles, and the satisfaction of helping our city's youth contribute to their community. In addition, all teen and adult volunteers will receive a cool TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016 T- shirt.
This sounds awesome! How do I register for TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016? Interested teens and/or adults should e-mail the TEENSGIVING Coordinator Josh Hyman at ************** < mailto: ************** > (subject: TEENSGIVING) to receive more information and to register for this fantastic event!
Teens can also contact their school's Community Service Advisor.
TEENSGIVING is sponsored by the 92nd Street Y.
(1)TEENSGVING is an event which is held .
A. twice every year B. every two years C. once every year D. from time to time
(2)What can the teenagers do in this event?
A. Give thanks to the adults. B. Take good care of animals.
C. Clean the streets of New York. D. Work for high schools and! colleges.
(3)An adult volunteer may get for his time devoted to TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016.
A. a T-shirt and a gift certificate B. community service credit and a T-shirt
C. a high school certificate and a light breakfast D. a gift certificate and community service credit
(4)The writer's purpose in writing this passage is to .
A. ask readers to donate their advice to TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016 B. encourage readers to ask more questions about TEENSGIVING
C. introduce TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016 to readers D. inform readers of some frequently asked questions
【答案】(1)C
(2)B
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了2016TEENSGIVING 活动内容,时间,地点,志愿者福利等信息。
(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“TEENSGIVING is an exciting yearly event”可知,TEENSGIVING是一个一年一度的激动人心的事件。故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。根据 What projects do participants do at the agencies?部分中的“Sample projects include painting park benches, planting gardens, visiting and playing with the poor children, assembling model planes for children in hospitals, assisting at animal shelters, working at soup kitchens, delivering meals and celebrating with families at homeless shelters.”可知,活动包括在公园长椅上绘画,园艺劳动,看望贫困儿童并且与他们玩耍,在动物收容所协助照看动物等等。故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。根据 Do I get anything for participating in TEENSGIV1NG?部分中的“Adult volunteers will be thanked with a light breakfast, a gift certificate for their troubles, and the satisfaction of helping our city's youth contribute to their community. In addition, all teen and adult volunteers will receive a cool TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016 T-shirt.”可知,成年志愿者将获得一份爱心早餐,一个解决他们烦恼的礼品券以及帮助我们城市青少年为他们的社区做贡献的满足感。另外,所有的青少年和成人志愿者都会获得一个很酷的TEENSGIVING2016春季T恤。故选A。
(4)考查写作意图。纵观全文可知,本文介绍了2016年春季TEENSGIVING的主要内容,以及如何申请参加这项活动。故作者的目的是给读者介绍这个活动,选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇广告类阅读,要求考生准确掌握细节信息,根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,选出正确答案。
5.阅读理解
Imagine waking up one day and finding that your beautiful local beach is no more—gone, its fine white sand swept away by an abnormal storm. You go about your daily business for 12 long years and then suddenly the beach is back, all its glory restored by another storm. This is what happened on the island of Achill, off the coast of Ireland, where people are celebrating the return of the beautiful Ashleam Bay beach that was taken from them in 2005.
That in itself is unusual enough, but the story gets even better! You see, another beach in Achill did a disappearing act once, but took much longer to return. The beach at Doonagh, located only six miles away from Ashleam Bay, was restored earlier in 2016 after waves created by spring storms had swept away all the sand in 1984, leaving just rock pools behind.
There is local legend that stretches back hundreds of years that says this beach at Ashlcam Bay returns for a short every seven years then disappears again. But this time around it took a bit longer than that. It was last seen in 2005 and it stayed for a few months at that time before it was washed away again.
As you can imagine, everyone on the island of Achill is thrilled to have their sandy beach back, and even though no one knows how long it's going to be around for, they are making the most of the time they've got before it disappears again.
Some may be quick to believe climate changes cause the phenomenon, but that's not the reason these two beaches in Achill keep disappearing, Dr Kevin Lynch, a geographer at NUT Galway, says that these occurrences are the result of hydrodynamics (流体力学) and sediment(沉积物) supply, rather than climate changes.
Regardless of what's causing them, disappearing and reappearing beaches are just part of what makes nature so fascinating.
(1)What is people's reaction to the return of the Ashleam Bay beach?
A. Full of fear. B. Quite delighted. C. Very disappointed. D. Extremely con fused.
(2)What can we learn about the beach at Doonagh?
A. It is not located in Ireland. B. It disappeared 12 years ago.
C. It once disappeared for more than 30 years. D. It is just made up of rocks and pools.
(3)According to the local legend, when should the Ashleam Bay beach have come back?
A. In 1982. B. In 2012. C. In 2016. D. In 2018.
(4)What does Dr Kevin Lynch think of the phenomenon?
A. Some abnormal storms lead to ocean's enlargement, B. It is hard to uncover the mystery of beach's disappearing.
C. Climate changes can result in beaches disappearing completely. D. Hydrodynamics and sediment supply cause two beaches to disappear.
【答案】(1)B
(2)C
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道,爱尔兰西北部的一个海滩不易而飞,但过一段时间它又回来了。传言阿什拉姆湾的海滩每七年返回一次,然后又消失。有些人可能认为气候变化会导致这种现象,但地理学家凯文·林奇博士认为Achill这两个海滩不断消失的原因是流体力学和沉积物供应共同作用的结果。而不是气候变化的原因。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的” off the coast of Ireland, where people are celebrating the return of the beautiful Ashleam Bay beach that was taken from them in 2005.”及第四段中的“As you can imagine, everyone on the island of Achill is thrilled to have their sandy beach back,”。可知,人们对于海滩的回归是非常兴奋的。故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The beach at Doonagh, located only six miles away from Ashleam Bay, was restored earlier in 2016 after waves created by spring storms had swept away all the sand in 1984, leaving just rock pools behind,”可知,Doonagh海滩于1984年被春天的风暴席卷了所有的沙子只留下岩石池,在2016年初恢复了。由此可推断出Doonagh在消失了32年后又恢复了。故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“the beautiful Ashleam Bay beach that was taken from them in 2005.”可知,Ashleam Bay是在2005年消失的。第三段中的“There is local legend that stretches back hundreds of years that says this beach at Ashlcam Bay returns for a short every seven years then disappears again.” 当地方传说。说阿什卡姆湾的海滩每七年恢复一次,然后又消失。也就是2005+7=2012年回归,故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Dr Kevin Lynch, a geographer at NUT Galway, says that these occurrences are the result of hydrodynamics (流体力学) and sediment(沉积物) supply, rather than climate changes.”可知,这种现象是流体力学和沉积物供应共同作用的结果。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查,是一篇新闻报道,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,选出正确答案。
6.阅读理解
Every day I see advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses claiming that it is easy and quick to learn English. There is even a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage learners even more. When I see advertisements like this, I don't know whether to laugh or cry. But many people must believe these ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements would not appear.
Of course it is clear that students who go to England to learn English have a great advantage over others, but too many cannot afford to do so. Some go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home with dictionaries. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language, let alone produces good pronunciation and intonation.
Most teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making sentences. If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful. A large number of theorists seem to think it is a pity we aren't, because it would make it easier to use their methods.
In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it. Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees, do not like making noises unless they understand what the noises mean and can relate them to their own lives. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication. What they listen to and read cannot be a formula. It must be real.
There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. They can work with us and practice the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life language.
(1)Many people believe advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses probably because .
A. they are encouraged by William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens B. they are eager to learn and then believe them
C. the ways advertised can help them to save time and efforts D. the ways advertised prove effective and helpful
(2)What may behaviorists argue towards English learning?
A. Human beings make more interesting noises than parrots and chimpanzees. B. Human beings should relate their speech to their own lives.
C. Language is a formula with lots of repetitions and practices. D. Language is a means of communication.
(3)What opinion does the author hold?
A. A quick method that suits all the students does exist. B. English can be mastered within a very short period of time.
C. Each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language. D. No one can learn English well without being interested in it.
(4)What ways of learning is suggested by the author?
A. Study abroad. B. Learn communicatively and situationally.
C. Follow the behaviorists' approach. D. Teach oneself at home with dictionaries.
【答案】(1)B
(2)C
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,讲述了一名语言教师对语言学习的个人看法。他认为学生们喜欢实惠的速成学习方法在情理之中,但是学英语不像广告中所说的那么轻松,假如没有兴趣,任何人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活,那一定会受益匪浅。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“No doubt this is true to a certain extent, but it is not very helpful to students. ”可知许多人渴望学好这门语言,相信这些广告中宣传的学习语言能速成,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Most teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making sentences.”可知现在大量的教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基础之上。行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语,不断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it.”可知作者认为,假如没有兴趣,任何人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. They can work with us and practice the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life language.”可知还有一个相关的问题值得一提:在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。在学习较生疏的内容时,如果有其他学生和我们在实战中一起学习和练习那些陌生的语言形式,用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活,那一定会受益匪浅。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
7.阅读理解
Imagine yourself on the other side of the college admissions desk. It's not so glorious, apparently. At the very least, you need to be good-natured. Joseph Connolly, a guidance counselor at New Oxford High School in the United States, wanted to know the things that annoy admissions officers the most. He sent out a request to members of the National Association for College Admissions Counselors and received hundreds of responses. Apparently, college admissions officers were waiting for an opportunity to unload their frustrations. The responses fall into several areas:
Communication
Silly or stupid email addresses; sending emails that use texting shorthand, such as "im w8ing 4 some1 2 call me."
Leaving a message with just a first name and no telephone number. For example, "Hi, this is Suzie. Please call me back."
Acting distracted during a one-on-one interview; nervous habits like foot-tapping or "um", "like" and "you know", which make a bad situation worse.
Not responding to emails from the admissions office.
Over-involved parents
The very common comment from parents, "We are in the process of completing applications."
Parents attending interviews, and worse yet, speaking for their children.
Essays
Not identifying which question they are responding to.
Writing about something they were great at in the seventh grade but haven't pursued since then.
(1)What is the purpose of the text?
A. To complain about the process of college application. B. To provide tips for college students in achieving high grades.
C. To list unwelcome behaviors in college application. D. To prove that admission officers are under great pressure.
(2)Which behavior may leave admission consolers a bad impression?
A. To use inappropriate and incomplete language. B. To leave a complete telephone number.
C. To focus on the interview and stay calm. D. To reply to e-mails quickly.
(3)What should parents avoid doing in an interview?
A. Letting kids to fill in the application form. B. Attending the interview on time.
C. Getting dressed neatly for the interview. D. Answering questions for their kids.
【答案】(1)C
(2)A
(3)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了学生申请大学时出现的一些令招生人员烦恼的不好的行为。
(1)考查写作目的。根据第一段中的“Joseph Connolly, a guidance counselor at New Oxford High School in the United States, wanted to know the things that annoy admissions officers the most.”和“The responses fall into several areas:”可推断,文章的写作目的是为读者列出在申请大学时不受欢迎的行为。故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。根据● Communication部分中的“Silly or stupid email addresses; sending emails that use texting shorthand, such as “im w8ing 4 somel 2 call me.”可知,使用不合适的和不完整的语言会给招生人员留下不好的印象。故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。根据● Over-involved parents部分中的“Parents attending interviews, and worse yet, speaking for their children.”可知,父母不应该在面试中为代替孩子回答问题。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和写作目的两个题型的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,要求考生准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
8.阅读理解
Imagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person company and helps them remember to take their medicine. That is the shared dream of the toy maker Hasbro and scientists at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. The researchers received a $ 3-million-dollar award from the National Science Foundation for a special project. They want to find ways to add artificial intelligence, or A.I., to Hasbro's “Joy for All” robotic
The cat has already been for sale for two years. Though priced over 1000 dollars, it sold quite well. It was meant to act as a “companion” for older people. Now the project is aimed at developing additional abilities for the cat. Researchers at Brown's Humanity-Centered Robotics Initiative are working to decide which activities older adults may need the most. They hope to make the cat perform a small number of activities very well. Such activities include finding lost objects and reminding the person to take medicine or visit their doctor. They also want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars.
It is an idea that has appealed to Jeanne Elliott. Her 93-year-old mother Mary Derr lives with her in South Kingstown. Derr has dementia (痴呆). The Joy for All cat that Elliott bought this year has become a true companion for Derr. The cat stays with Derr and keeps her calm while Elliott is at work. Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.
The researchers are trying to learn how the improved cats will complete helpful activities and how they will communicate. They say that they do not want a talking cat, however. Instead they are trying to design a cat that can move its head in a special way to successfully communicate its message. In the end, they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in which the human feels the cat needs them. By doing so, the researchers hope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.
(1)What's the purpose of the project?
A. To relieve the pain of the elderly. B. To promote the sales of a medicine.
C. To invent a robotic cat for the elderly. D. To help make the robotic cat smarter.
(2)Compared with the old model, the new robotic cat will be
A. smaller B. cheaper C. more talkative D. more expensive
(3)What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us?
A. The cat gives much help to the elderly. B. The more functions of the cat, the better.
C. There is no cure for dementia at present. D. Mary Derr would have died without the cat.
(4)What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. A talking cat is quite popular among the elderly. B. Feelings of sadness among the elderly are unavoidable.
C. Each family can afford such a cat in the future. D. The feeling of being needed is vital to the elderly.
【答案】(1)D
(2)B
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是说明文,主要介绍新型的人工智能机器猫。机器猫会给老年人更多的帮助,同时机器猫也离不开他们。被需要的感觉是至关重要的。他们甚至可以帮助防止老年人的孤独和悲伤情绪。
(1)目的意图题。根据第一段第一句Imagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person company and help them remember to take their medicine.项目的目地是帮助机器猫更聪明。故答案选D。
(2)推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句They also want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars.可知,与旧模型相比新的机器猫更便宜。故答案选B。
(3)段落大意题。根据第三段最后一句Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.可知,机器猫会给老年人更多的帮助。故答案选A。
(4)推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句In the end, they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in which the human feels the cat needs them. By doing so, the researchers hope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.可知,被需要的感觉是至关重要的。故答案选D。
【点评】推论性考察题一般包括事实推断、指代推断、逻辑推断和对作者意图与观点的推断。常见的提问方式有:①The writer believes that ____.②From this passage we can guess ____.③The write suggests that ____。除了一般的事实题可直接从文中找出答案外,其他诸如对条件变化、因果关系以及作者意图等较为深层的逻辑推断题,则必须要建立在对全文的理解基础上,通过文章所提供的线索,加以综合分析,才能做出正确的推断。
9.阅读理解
Nowadays, especially in China, everything seems to favor social intercourse(社交) , such as gatherings of friends, KTV, group travel, dining tighter, playing cards and Mahjong, plus the Chinese-style " street-crossing group." Back home, discussions can still be boisterously carried on within the "circle of friends" of WeChat.
However, these scenes cannot always ease a sense of loneliness. Zhu Ziqing, a well-known professor of Tsinghua University, signed with emotion: "My loneliness increases as scene becomes much busier." One popular song today is also called "A lonely man in crowds." Actually, engaging in social intercourse requires ability, while being alone involves the whole character.
These days, it is not easy to calm down totally and return to one's true self. Willpower, intellect and discipline are required. Einstein said: "It is not your working time but your spare time that determines the possibility of whether you will be successful or not." The "spare time" he referred to could be taken as "spending time by yourself."
Lonely life could be either dull, boring and tasteless or abundant, interesting and colorful, depending on one's quality, ambition and inspiration.
Just as the body constantly requires energy, the mind and soul also demand never stopping inputs. However,information, processed and integrated (融入) into knowledge, thoughts and feelings, instead of bustle (忙碌) seems to be the right condition. Successful careers m all walks of life worldwide have proved that "the soul grows in peace and talent is nurtured in loneliness". In a sense, it may be reasonable to say that " Happiness tends to be shallow while loneliness involves depth".
Man, in fact, needs loneliness more than happy time, and only abundant loneliness can produce quality happiness.
(1)Which of the following can replace the underlined the word "boisterously" in paragraph l?
A. surprisingly B. sadly C. busily D. peacefully
(2)What can we infer from the second paragraph?
A. Being alone marks people depressed. B. Social intercourse improves our happiness.
C. One may feel lonely even when surrounded by people. D. We should attend social intercourse to decrease our loneliness.
(3)What can we know from Einstein's words?
A. You should be successful if you spend all your time by yourself. B. You should exercise more if you want to keep your minds healthy.
C. You will not become successful if you join in more social intercourse. D. You will be more successful if you can make your lonely time meaningful.
(4)Which may be the best title for this passage?
A. Live on Your Own B. Happiness and Loneliness
C. The Secret of Success D. Practice Your Social Ability
【答案】(1)C
(2)C
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是议论文。主要讨论了在现今社会中很多的社会往活动在进行中,人们看似很幸福。然而,一切都掩盖不了人们在这些幸福场景背后倍感孤独的社会现象。
(1)考查词意猜测题。根据第一段可知,如今,尤其是在中国,一切都似乎有利于社会交往,如朋友聚会、KTV、团体旅游、餐饮更紧,打牌和麻将,加上中式“过街组”。可以猜测出下文:回到家中仍然忙着在微信上讨论。所以划线词boisterously的意思是“忙的”,故选C。
(2)考查推理判断题。根据第二段第一句,也是主题句However, these scenes cannot always ease a sense of loneliness.以及A lonely man in crowds.”可知,一个人就算被人包围着也可能感到孤独。故选C。
(3)考查细节理解题。根据第三段Einstein said: “It is not your working time but your spare time that determines the possibility of whether you will be successful or not.”( 爱因斯坦说:“不是你的工作时间,而是你的业余时间决定了你是否成功的可能性。)可知,如果你能让寂寞的时间更有意义,你会更成功。故选D。
(4)考查标题判断题。本文主要讨论了在现今社会中很多的社会往活动在进行中,人们看似很幸福。然而,一切都掩盖不了人们在这些幸福场景背后倍感孤独的社会现象。所以最佳标题是B. Happiness and Loneliness,故选B.
【点评】寻找文章的主题句
了解文章主要论题的关键是找到全文的主题句。主题句通常在文章首段,但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落,或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句,那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来,即为全文的主题句。
10.阅读理解
Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.
As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.
Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.
I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates(灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammalian(哺乳动物的) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.
Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?
Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?
(1)According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of_____________.
A. interaction B. analysis C. creation D. abstraction
(2)The research into pigs shows that pigs___________.
A. learn letters quickly B. have a good eyesight
C. can build up a good relationship D. can apply knowledge to new situations
(3)Paragraph 4 is mainly about________.
A. the similarities between mammals and humans B. the necessity of long-term studies on mammals
C. a change in people's attitudes towards animals D. a discovery of how animals express themselves
(4)What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Inner Lives of Food Animals B. The Lifestyles of Food Animals
C. Science Reports on Food Animals D. A Revolution in Food Animals
【答案】(1)B
(2)D
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了我们原来当作食物的动物实际上也有情感有思想,它们有一定的分析推理能力。人类不应只将它们当作食物。
(1)推理判断题。由第二段中的“When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one”可知,当解决问题时,母鸡们会推理:例如,受过挑选彩色纽扣的训练的母鸡们有时会选择放弃即时的食物奖励,换取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物奖励。由此可知,母鸡们具备分析能力。故B选项正确。
(2)推理判断题。由第三段中的“Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.”可知,一些研究者拿着带X标记的木板,一些研究者拿着带O标记的木板,只有拿带O标记木板的研究者给猪提供食物,猪很快就只理会这些研究者了。当木板换成带X和O标记的衬衫时,猪仍然只走向那些穿带O标记衬衫的研究者。这表明猪将把知识转移到了二维的形式,这是一种相当大的推理壮举。结合选项,D选项正确。
(3)段落大意题。由第四段中的“At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals...Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies…helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.”可知,数十年前,作者坚信猴子和猩猩在思考能力和情感上都胜过其他的动物。很快,作者就意识到除了猴子和猩猩,鲸鱼也是文化学习的主人,大象也表现出高兴等情感。长期的研究也促进着我们社会观点的转变:我们不再认为猴子只能是实验室里的实验对象,大象只能在马戏团里进行表演,海豚只能被养在主题公园狭小的池子里。很明显,本段介绍的是人们对动物看法的转变。故C选项正确。
(4)标题归纳题。第一段提出:科学开始拥抱原来被我们认为是二等公民的动物们(即:我们对某些动物的看法正在发生变化)。第二和第三段以母鸡和猪为例告诉读者:通过科学研究,母鸡和猪也具备情感,也具备分析推理能力。第四段介绍了人们对动物看法的转变。第五和第六段呼吁读者:动物有自己的情感和思想,我们不要只将动物当成我们的食物。结合每段大意可知,该文主要是围绕动物也有情感有思想来展开的。故A选项适合做该文标题。
【点评】文章标题解题技巧:(1)要在阅读原文的基础上,仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系;(2)再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何;(3)要注意题目是过大还是过小;(4)要避免下列三种错误:①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体,从而导致范围太小);②过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围);③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。
